Cape basket

Cape basket
Bornholmmargerite ( Osteospermum ecklonis )
Systematics
Euasterids II Order : Astern-like (Asterales) Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae) Subfamily : Asteroideae Tribe : Calenduleae Genre : Cape basket
Scientific name
Osteospermum
L.

The Kapkörbchen ( Osteospermum ), also African daisies or Paternoster shrub called, is a genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).

The species of the related genus of the cap marigolds ( Dimorphotheca ) are also referred to as cape baskets .

description

The genus consists of annual and perennial herbaceous plants as well as evergreen subshrubs , which reach heights of growth between 12 and 50 cm and grow creeping to upright. The mostly alternate or opposite leaves are simple or pinnate. The leaf margin is smooth or lobed.

Individually or in loose, doldigen , doldentraubigen or rispigen total inflorescences are basket-shaped inflorescences. The circular flower heads contain ray and tubular flowers. There are one to five rows of bracts . The female, zygomorphic ray- flowers (also called ray-flowers) are mostly yellow or orange-yellow, occasionally also white, pink or purple. The male, radially symmetrical tubular flowers (also called disc flowers) are yellow, white or purple. The achenes are winged, a pappus is missing.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Osteospermum was established by Carl von Linné . The generic name Osteospermum is derived from the Greek / Latin words osteon for bone and spermum for seed . The genus Osteospermum is closely related to Chrysanthemoides , e.g. B. Chrysanthemoides incana and Chrysanthemoides monilifera and they belong to the tribe of Calenduleae in the subfamily Asteroideae within the family Asteraceae .

Of the approximately 45 Osteospermum - species are about 35 from South Africa and the Arabian Peninsula , more species are found in tropical Africa, on St. Helena and in Somalia .

Habitus, leaves and flower heads of Osteospermum fruticosum

Flower head of Osteospermum jucundum

The genus Osteospermum includes about 45 species:

• Osteospermum acanthospermum (DC.) Norl.
• Osteospermum aciphyllum DC.
• Osteospermum armatum Norl.
• Osteospermum asperulum (DC.) Norl. : It occurs in the Western Cape.
• Osteospermum attenuatum Hilliard & BLBurtt
• Osteospermum australe B.Nord.
• Osteospermum bidens Thunb.
• Osteospermum bolusii (Compton) Norl.
• Osteospermum burttianum B.Nord.
• Osteospermum ciliatum P.J. Bergius
• Osteospermum corymbosum L .: It occurs in the Western Cape.
• Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl.
• Osteospermum elsieae Norl.
• Osteospermum fruticosum (L.) Norl.
• Osteospermum glabrum N.E.Br.
• Osteospermum grandidentatum DC.
• Osteospermum grandiflorum DC.
• Osteospermum hafstroemii Norl. : It occurs in the Western Cape.
• Osteospermum herbaceum L. f.
• Osteospermum hirsutum Thunb.
• Osteospermum hispidum Harv. : It occurs in the Western Cape.
• Osteospermum imbricatum L .: It occurs in Mozambique, in KwaZulu-Natal and in South Africa.
• Osteospermum jucundum (E. Phillips) Norl.
• Osteospermum junceum P.J.Bergius : It occurs in South Africa.
• Osteospermum karooicum (Bolus) Norl.
• Osteospermum lanceolatum DC.
• Osteospermum leptolobum (Harv.) Norl. : It is widespread in South Africa.
• Osteospermum microcarpum (Harv.) Norl.
• Osteospermum microphyllum DC.
• Osteospermum montanum Klatt
• Osteospermum muricatum E. Mey. ex DC. : It occurs in Somalia, Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Yemen and Saudi Arabia.
• Osteospermum pinnatum (Thunb.) Norl.
• Osteospermum polygaloides L.
• Osteospermum potbergense A.R.Wood & B.Nord.
• Osteospermum pterigoideum Klatt
• Osteospermum pyrifolium Norl.
• Osteospermum rigidum Aiton
• Osteospermum rotundifolium (DC.) Norl.
• Osteospermum scariosum DC. : It is widespread in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa.
• Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) Norl. : It occurs in Namibia and in South Africa.
• Osteospermum spinescens Thunb. : It occurs in Namibia and in South Africa.
• Osteospermum spinosum L .: It occurs in the Western Cape.
• Osteospermum striatum Burtt Davy
• Osteospermum subulatum DC.
• Osteospermum thodei Markötter : It occurs in Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal and in the Free State.
• Osteospermum triquetrum L. f.

Osteospermum no longer includes:

• Dimorphotheca barberae Harv. (Syn. Osteospermum barberae (Harv.) Norl. )
• Dimorphotheca caulescens Harv. (Syn. Osteospermum caulescens Harv. ): It occurs in South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho.
• Inuloides tomentosa (Lf) B. North. (Syn. Osteospermum tomentosum (Lf) Norl. )
• Monoculus hyoseroides (DC.) B. Nord. (Syn. Osteospermum hyoseroides (DC.) Norl. )
• Monoculus monstrosus (Burm.f.) B.Nord. (Syn. Osteospermum clandestinum (Less.) Norl. )
• Norlindhia amplectens (Harv.) B. Nord. (Syn. Osteospermum amplectens (Harv.) Norl. )
• Oligocarpus calendulaceus (L. f.) Less. (Syn. Osteospermum calendulaceum L. f. ): It is widespread in South Africa and KwaZulu-Natal.
• Tripteris dentata (Burm. F.) Harv. (Syn. Osteospermum dentatum Burm.f. )
• Tripteris monocephala olive. & Here. (Syn. Osteospermum monocephalum (Oliv. & Hiern) Norl. )
• Tripteris oppositifolia (Aiton) B. North. (Syn. Osteospermum oppositifolium (Aiton) Norl. )

use

Osteospermum fruticosum 'Pink Whirls'

Osteospermum 'Sonja' from the ®'Sunny 'series

The numerous hybrid varieties of mostly unclear origin are used as ornamental plants, but also some species (e.g. Bornholmmargerite ( Osteospermum ecklonis ), Osteospermum jucundum and Osteospermum fruticosum . The plants are intensively cultivated and are reproduced in Central Europe as balcony and bedding plants There was a ten-fold increase in sales between 1997 and 2003. Since they cannot withstand winter conditions in Central Europe (below −5 ° C), they are only partially hardy. The ray flowers are longitudinal in some varieties such as Osteospermum fruticosum 'Pink Whirls' laced up and only remain open at the top.

Cape baskets take regular blooming pauses in June, during which they are often viewed as faded due to ignorance. Only after one to two weeks does a new flowering phase begin, which lasts into autumn. Since around 2002, more and more varieties have been commercially available that try to avoid the flowering break. There are numerous varieties (selection):

• 'Sparkler': The flower heads are white with a blue center. The variety is compact and reaches heights of 35 to 50 centimeters.
• 'Candy Pink' and 'Spoon Star': The rays are spoon-shaped and curled in the lower part.
• 'Whirligig': The rays are spoony, white on the top and slate blue on the underside. The pane is slate blue. The heads are 5 to 8 centimeters in diameter.
• 'Buttermilk': The rays are yellow with a white background.
• 'Moonlight': rays and disc are yellow.
• 'Nairobi Purple': The rays are purple and white underneath. The disk is dark blue.

swell

literature

• Bertil Nordenstam: Tribe Calenduleae. In: Kåre Bremer (Ed.): Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon 1994, ISBN 0-88192-275-7 , pp. 365-376.
• Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Hans Simon (Ed.): The free-range ornamental shrubs. Manual and lexicon of garden perennials . Founded by Leo Jelitto, Wilhelm Schacht. 5th completely revised edition. tape 2 : I-Z . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3265-6 , pp. 670 .
2. ↑ Osteospermum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 25, 2014.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} Osteospermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
4. ↑ ^{a b} Enter taxon in search mask at The Global Compositae Checklist .
5. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives:
6. ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 , p. 625 .
7. ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: Attempts in German horticulture. Saxon State Institute for Agriculture, Department of Horticulture Dresden-Pillnitz. Working group bedding & balcony plants. Osteospermum, 2004, * .pdf

Web links

Commons : Osteospermum  - album with pictures, videos and audio files