Elven mirror

Elven mirror
	Nemesia variety 'Sunsatia Lemon'
Systematics
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Figwort family (Scrophulariaceae)
Tribe :	Hemimerideae
Genre :	Elven mirror
Scientific name
	Nemesia
	Vent.

The plant genus Elfenspiegel ( Nemesia ) belongs to the fig family (Scrophulariaceae). The 65 or so species are mainly distributed in southern Africa , with only a few species reaching into tropical Africa. Many varieties are used as ornamental plants .

description

Appearance and leaves

Nemesia species are annual to perennial herbaceous plants , more rarely subshrubs . The leaves are opposite. The leaf margin is serrated differently depending on the species.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are individually in the leaf axils or often loosely arranged in leafy, racemose inflorescences .

The hermaphrodite flowers are usually zygomorphic five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused together. The colors of the flower crowns are white, yellow to orange or pink to blue, often there are several colors in one crown. The five petals are fused into a very short tube. The corolla is clearly two-lipped. Depending on the species, the lower lip forms a pouch or a nectar spur at the entrance to the corolla tube. There is only a circle of four stamens that form unequal pairs twisted around each other. Two carpels are an above-permanent, two-chambered ovary grown.

The flower formula is: ${\ displaystyle \ downarrow K _ {(5)} \; [C _ {(5)} \; A_ {4}] \; G _ {\ underline {(2)}}}$

Fruits and seeds

The bilobed capsule fruits contain many seeds.

Systematics, distribution and endangerment

The genus Nemesia was established in April 1804 by Étienne Pierre Ventenat in Jardin de la Malmaison (1803), sub panel 41. The genus name Nemesia is derived from the Greek name "Nemesion" of a similar looking plant. As Lectotypusart 1951 Nemesia foetens Vent. set out by Edwin Percy Phillips in The Genera of South African Flowering Plants , 2nd Edition, p. 664.

The genus Nemesia belongs to the tribe Hemimerideae within the family Scrophulariaceae .

The 65 or so species are mainly distributed in southern Africa , with only a few species reaching into tropical Africa. The center of biodiversity is South Africa, especially in the southwestern Capensis .

Nemesia caerulea

Nemesia cheiranthus in the North Cape

Inflorescence with "masked" zygomorphic flowers of Nemesia cheiranthus

Nemesia denticulata

Nemesia floribunda

Zygomorphic flowers of the cultivar Nemesia fruticans 'Opal Innocence'

Inflorescence with zygomorphic flowers with distinct spur and young fruits of Nemesia melissifolia

The genus Nemesia contains about 65 species :

Nemesia acornis K.E. Steiner : This endemic is only known from four localities in Piketberg in the Western Cape . The rare species thrives in the fynbos in rocky areas in the upper area of slopes that are not threatened by agriculture, so the stocks are considered stable.
Nemesia acuminata Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Western and Eastern Cape . It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia affinis Benth. (Syn .: Nemesia versicolor auct. Non E.Mey. Ex Benth. ): It occurs in the South African provinces of Western, Eastern and Northern Cape . It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia albiflora N.E.Br. (Syn .: Nemesia flanaganii Hiern ): It is common in southern Namibia and the South African provinces of Eastern Cape, Free State , KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga . It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia anfracta Hiern : It occurs only in the South African province of Western Cape.
Nemesia anisocarpa E. Mey . ex Benth. : It occurs in the South African provinces of the Western and Northern Cape. It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia arenifera Bester & HMSteyn : This endemic occurs only on the South African west coast from Alexander Bay to the mouth of the Groen River in the North Cape. Although this species has a very small area , it is relatively common, only small areas have been lost to mining, and populations are declining. They are found especially after sufficiently high annual rainfall. In 2014, it was rated as “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia aurantia K.E.Steiner : In 2012 it was rated “Vulnerable” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia azurea Diels : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia barbata (Thunb.) Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia bicornis (L.) Pers. (Syn .: Nemesia biennis Drège , Nemesia versicolor Drège non E.Mey. Ex Benth. ): It thrives along the coast in the sand of the South African provinces of the Western and Northern Cape. It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia bodkinii Bolus : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia brevicalcarata Schltr. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa. It occurs in the Western Cape.
Nemesia caerulea Hiern : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”. It occurs in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Lesotho .
Nemesia calcarata E. Mey. ex Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia cheiranthus E. Mey. ex Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa. It occurs in the North Cape and the Western Cape.
Nemesia chrysolopha Diels : It occurs only in the South African province of North Cape.
Nemesia cynanchifolia Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia deflexa Grant ex KESteiner : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia denticulata (Benth.) Grant ex Fourc. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa. It occurs in the Eastern Cape and in KwaZulu-Natal.
Nemesia diffusa Benth. : With the varieties:
- Nemesia diffusa Benth. var. diffusa : It was rated “Least Concern” = “not endangered” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
- Nemesia diffusa var. Rigida Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia elata K.E.Steiner : In 2011 it was rated “Vulnerable” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia euryceras Schltr. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia fleckii Thell. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia floribunda clay. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia fourcadei A.L. Grant ex KESteiner : This annual species occurs only in a total distribution area of 55 km², from Nature's Valley to Kareedouw in the South African province of Western and Eastern Cape. This apparently rare species is only known from three collections. Two of the historical sites have been greatly transformed through afforestation and agriculture. It is not known whether this species is just overlooked or actually that rare. In 2011 nothing is known about the change in the population or the endangerment status. It is said to thrive on grassy locations at the edges of forests or in clearings of slate fynbos. One location is in a nature reserve in which the population is not threatened.
Nemesia fruticans (Thunb.) Benth. (Syn .: Nemesia capensis (Spreng.) Kuntze , Nemesia capensis (Thunb.) Kuntze , Nemesia divergens Benth. , Nemesia foetens Vent. , Nemesia foetens var. Latifolia (Benth.) Hiern , Nemesia fruticans var. Divergens (Benth.) Norl. , Nemesia gracillima Dinter , Nemesia linearis var. Latifolia Benth. , Nemesia thunbergii G.Don ): This usually perennial, sometimes annual, plant withstands bush fires and frost. In the grasslands of the summer rain areas, it usually thrives between rocks. It is distributed from Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the South African provinces of Eastern and Northern Cape. It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia glabriuscula Hilliard & BLBurtt : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia glaucescens here
Nemesia gracilis Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia grandiflora Diels
Nemesia hanoverica Hiern : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia hemiptera K.E.Steiner : It was rated “Critically Rare” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa in 2007, which means that although there is only one location, this stock is not threatened.

Nemesia ionantha Diels

Nemesia karasbergensis L.Bolus : It is only known from the type locality in the summit area of Scharfenstein at an altitude of about 2300 meters in the central Karasberg in Namibia. In 2004 it was rated “Least Concern” in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species, as this population is considered stable.

Nemesia karroensis Bond : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia lanceolata Here : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia leipoldtii Here : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia ligulata E. Mey. ex Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia lilacina N.E.Br. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia linearis Vent. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia lucida Benth.

Nemesia macrocarpa (Aiton) Druce : It was rated “Least Concern” = “not endangered” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia macroceras Schltr. : With the varieties:

Nemesia macroceras Schltr. var. macroceras : It was rated "Least Concern" = "not endangered" in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia macroceras var. Crocea Schltr. : It is entered in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as "Threatened", this is not a risk level according to the IUCN , so it was not specified how threatened this variety is.

Nemesia maxii Hiern : it was "not at risk" in the Red List of endangered plant species in South Africa as "Least Concern" = rated.

Nemesia melissifolia Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia micrantha Hiern : It is in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa in 2005 as "Extinct" = "extinct".

Nemesia pageae L.Bolus : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia pallida here

Nemesia parviflora Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia petiolina Hiern : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia picta Schltr. : This very rare species is known from the Bain's Kloof reservein the Western Cape and was last collected there in 1928. It thrives on sandstone slopes and blooms after bush fires. Since the small distribution area is under protection, it was assumed in 2007 that the populations are stable.

Nemesia pinnata (L. f.) E. Mey. ex Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia platysepala Diels : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia psammophila Schltr. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia pubescens Benth. : With the varieties:

Nemesia pubescens var. Glabrior Benth. ex Hiern : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia pubescens Benth. var. pubescens : It was rated “Least Concern” = “not endangered” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia pulchella Schltr. ex Hiern : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia rupicola Hilliard : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”.

Nemesia saccata E. Mey. ex Benth.

Nemesia silvatica Hilliard : It was rated in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”. It occurs in the Eastern Cape and in KwaZulu-Natal.

Nemesia strumosa (Herb.Banks ex Benth.) Benth. : This annual plant thrives on sandy plains. Less than 20 sites from Hopefield to Melkbos north of the Cape Peninsula in the Western Cape are known. Over 80% of the original habitats were lost to wheat fields. The populations continue to decline due to invasive plant species and anthropogenic development in coastal areas. In 2007 it was rated “Near Threatened” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa. Their varieties are used as ornamental plants.

Nemesia suaveolens K.E.Steiner : This annual plant grows in the central Tanqua- Karoo in the Eastern Cedar Mountains in North Cape. It thrives most commonly in gravelly or stony river beds or channels at altitudes of 320 to 445 meters. It survivesas seedsin this arid area until there is sufficient rainfall in winter. It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia umbonata (Hiern) Hilliard & BLBurtt : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia versicolor E. Mey. ex Benth. : It occurs in the North Cape and the Western Cape. With the varieties:

Nemesia versicolor var. Oxyceras Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.
Nemesia versicolor E. Mey. ex Benth. var. versicolor : It was rated “Least Concern” = “not endangered” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia violiflora Roessler : It thrives on river banks between rocks, on mountain slopes, between rocks in damp, shady locations, in the sand under rocks in partial shade, in a deep canyon, sandy gullies and on granite only in Namibia. Eight to ten sites are known. In 2004 it was rated “Least Concern” in the IUCN's Red List of Endangered Species, as this population is considered stable.

Nemesia viscosa E. Mey. ex Benth. : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia williamsonii K.E.Steiner : It was rated “Least Concern” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia zimbabwensis Rendle : In 2008 it was rated “Endangered” in the Red List of Endangered Plant Species in South Africa.

Nemesia variety 'Fleurie Blue'

use

Many Nemesia varieties are used as ornamental plants . Especially from annual species, for example Nemesia strumosa , varieties have been bred that are used as bedding and balcony plants. A perennial species, the varieties of which are used as ornamental plants, is Nemesia fruticans . Various groups of varieties have been named balcony plant of the year by German associations in a few years (2010, 2012, 2014) .

swell

John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4 - Nemesia on pp. 462-466.
D. Philcox: Scrophulariaceae. In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 8, 1990. Full text online.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4 - Nemesia on pp. 462-466 .
↑ ^a ^b Nemesia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 25, 2015.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Moeketsi Samson Letsela, 2002: Datasheet Nemesia fruticans at PlantZAfrica from SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Roger Oliver, 2012: Data sheet Nemesia strumosa at PlantZAfrica from SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Nemesia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn Species list for Nemesia in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved April 25, 2015
^ ^A ^b John C. Manning, Colin Paterson-Jones: Field Guide to Fynbos . Struik, 2007, ISBN 978-1-77007-265-7 , pp. 507 ( Nemesia on pp. 488–490 in the Google book search).
^ ^A ^b Search for "Nemesia" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
↑ Data sheet Nemesia fruticans at PlantZAfrica from SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute .
↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 597).

Web links

Commons : Elfenspiegel ( Nemesia ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Nemesia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Entry in the African Plant Database of the CJB = Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques Ville de Genève .
Nemesia varieties at Dave's Garden .

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[Manning2009-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f John Manning: Field guide to wild flowers of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland , 487 pages, Struik Nature, Cape Town 2009. ISBN 978-1-77007-758-4 - Nemesia on pp. 462-466 .

[Tropicos-2] Nemesia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 25, 2015.

[PlantZAfricaNeFruticans-3] Moeketsi Samson Letsela, 2002: Datasheet Nemesia fruticans at PlantZAfrica from SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute .

[PlantZAfricaNeStrumosa-4] Roger Oliver, 2012: Data sheet Nemesia strumosa at PlantZAfrica from SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute .

[GRIN-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Nemesia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[RedListSA-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn Species list for Nemesia in the Red List of South African Plants . Retrieved April 25, 2015

[Manning2007-7] A ^b John C. Manning, Colin Paterson-Jones: Field Guide to Fynbos . Struik, 2007, ISBN 978-1-77007-265-7 , pp. 507 ( Nemesia on pp. 488–490 in the Google book search).

[IUCN-8] A ^b Search for "Nemesia" in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .

[PlantZAfricaNeSuaveolens-9] Data sheet Nemesia fruticans at PlantZAfrica from SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute .

[Botanica2003-10] Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 597).


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