Twist fruit

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Twist fruit
Twist fruit (streptocarpus hybrid)

Twist fruit ( Streptocarpus hybrid)

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Gesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae)
Didymocarpoide Gesneriaceae
Genre : Twist fruit
Scientific name
Streptocarpus
Lindl.

Streptocarpus ( Streptocarpus ), also Germanized Streptokarpus called, is a genus in the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae). Their home of around 135 species is mainly in the forests of tropical and southern South Africa and Madagascar . Many varieties are used as indoor plants .

Names

This plant genus got its common German name Drehfrucht as well as the botanical name Streptocarpus due to the long, spirally twisted fruits that are formed by most species. The botanical genus name Streptocarpus is derived from the Greek words: στρεπτός, streptos for turned and καρπός, karpos for fruit.

description

Illustration of Streptocarpus orientalis
Illustration of the many-flowered twist fruit ( Streptocarpus polyanthus ), which only forms a lifelong leaf.

Appearance

Streptocarpus species are annual to perennial , i.e. monocarpic hapaxanthic plants or mostly perennial , i.e. pollakanthic, polycarpic plants. They grow as evergreen, herbaceous plants that rarely lignify at their base. The greater part of the species is acaulescent, which means that the stem axis is compressed. Some species develop more or less long stem axes that are independently upright, creeping to overhanging.

Foliage leaves

The leaves of most species are arranged in basal rosettes. Exceptions are some species that only form a single large leaf that grows lifelong through a basal meristem, such as Streptocarpus wendlandii and Streptocarpus dunnii . In the species of the Streptocarpella subgenus , the leaves are distributed in opposite directions along the stems; Streptocarpus saxorum is one of them . The mostly finely haired and easily breaking leaves are more or less long stalked and mostly sessile in the subgenus Streptocarpella . The simple leaf blades are in the subgenus Streptocarpus usually elongated and at the subgenus Streptocarpella most nearly circular, rarely obovate to elliptical.

The name twist fruit is explained by the spiral structure of the fruit.

Inflorescences and flowers

On lateral long inflorescence shafts, the flowers are rarely single, usually a few to many in zymous inflorescences .

The individual flowers last a day to several weeks depending on the species. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are usually free or at most fused at their base. The five petals are fused together and the corolla tube ends with two lips. The colors of the petals range from blue to purple and pink to red and white. Of the two pairs of stamens , only one is fertile , the other pair reduced to staminodes usually lacks a staminode. The stamens are often thickened in the middle. The nectaries are ring-shaped or briefly cup-shaped. Two carpels are an ovoid to cylindrical, under constant, mostly single-chamber ovary grown. The scar varies depending on the species.

Fruits and seeds

The capsule fruits , which are more or less cylindrical and spiral during development , open with a slit when ripe, and the spiral opens when they are old. Then they pop up in four flaps and contain a lot of seeds. The very fine (tiny) seeds have a reticulate or warty surface. One gram of seed contains around 40,000 to 80,000 grain.

use

Varieties of some rotary fruit species and hybrids are used as indoor plants .

The main flowering time of the varieties extends from February to October, the individual flowers last one to several days depending on the variety. The flower colors of the varieties range from blue to purple and pink to red and white. There are also varieties with multicolored flowers.

Care in the room

The varieties of twist fruit, according to their tropical origin, like it warm all year round without direct sun and like to have high humidity. When watering, care should be taken to water only on the soil, but not on or between the leaves, as this can lead to rot. With moderate watering, the twist fruit blooms long and intensely. The twist fruit is a light germ . Usually, however, it is propagated by leaf cuttings.

Illustration of Streptocarpus cyaneus
Illustration of Streptocarpus denticulatus
Illustration of Streptocarpus gardenii
Illustration of Streptocarpus holstii
Illustration of Streptocarpus kirkii
Illustration of Streptocarpus parviflorus
Illustration of Streptocarpus polyanthus

Systematics

Streptocarpus eylesii
Streptocarpus formosus
Streptocarpus gardenii
Streptocarpus lilliputana
Streptocarpus rexii
Streptocarpus saxorum forms hanging stems and is rarely used as a houseplant and then as a "traffic light plant".
Streptocarpus stomandrus

The genus Streptocarpus was in 1828 by John Lindley in Botanical Register… , 14 - Appendix to the first… A Sketch of the Vegetation of the Swan River Colony. ... , table 1173 put up. The type species is Streptocarpus rexii (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl. There is a homonym Streptocarpus Poech , which is a synonym of Encalypta Hedw. is in the moss family Encalyptaceae .

The genus Streptocarpus belongs to the Didymocarpoid Gesneriaceae within the Gesneriaceae family . For some authors, the species of the genus Saintpaulia are also incorporated into the genus Streptocarpus . The four Asiatic species probably belong to different genera with twisted fruits. The genus Streptocarpus is divided into the two sub-genera Streptocarpus (2n = mostly 32 and multiples thereof: 64, 96, 128) and Streptocarpella Engl. (2n = mostly 30).

There are about 135 species of the genus twist fruit ( Streptocarpus ) (here with details of the homeland):

Streptocarpus × hybridus
cultivar 'Marleen'
  • Streptocarpus x hybridus ( Streptocarpus hybrids , Syn .: Streptocarpus achimeniflorus hort. Ex Gentil ( "achimeniflora") nom nud.., Streptocarpus azureus André , Streptocarpus biflorus Pucci non Crocker , Streptocarpus binderi hort. Ex Watson , Streptocarpus bruantii hort. Ex Carrière & André , Streptocarpus dyeri W. Watson , Streptocarpus grandiflorus André , Streptocarpus greenii hort. Nom. Nud., Streptocarpus insignis André , Streptocarpus kewensis hort., Streptocarpus liechtensteinensis André , Streptocarpus liechtensteinensis hort., Streptocarpus polyptoculatus., Streptocarpus polyptoculatus . grandiflorus Ingelr. , Streptocarpus primuloides Dickie nom. nud., Streptocarpus scandens hort. ex Gentil nom. nud., Streptocarpus watsonii hort.): They arose in culture.

Research object

The genus Streptocarpus has long been a research object in which various aspects of botany such as the phylogeny and ontogeny of different species are investigated with the help of biochemical and molecular biological methods. Dieter Heß discovered mRNA in 1961 as a trigger for the induction of blooming in Streptocarpus wendlandii .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein pages 862-863).
  2. ^ Streptocarpus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ↑ Checklist of the Gesneriaceae - for a list of all species enter the genus name in the search mask. ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / botany.si.edu

Web links

Commons : Drehfrucht  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Balcony plant of the year in Germany
Baden-Württemberg

Geranium (2001) | Black-eyed Susanne (2002) | Drehfrucht (2003) | Champagne Begonia (2004) | Strawflower (2005) | Edelgeranie (2006) | Magnificent Candle (2007) | Spider Flower (2008) | Dahlia "Goldalia Scarlet" (2009) | Petunia "Sunny Boy" (2010) | Petunia "Petticoat" (2011) | Ruby of the Valley "Double Ruby" (2012) | Petunia "Sugar Doll" (2013) | Tricolor elf mirror "3 elves" (2014) | Cape basket "Shooting Stars" (2015) | Pelargonium "Vroni Marathoni" (2016) | Verbena "Lila Luzi" (2017)

Green Germany
Bavaria

Straw flower "Strohmuckl" (2005) | Pelargonium "Princess Purpurella" (2006) | Magnificent candle "Elfenbusserl" (2007) | Spider Flower “Fesche Fanny” (2008) | Dwarf dahlia "Roter Schorsch" (2009) | Petunia "Lena Amarena" (2010) | Petunia "Baronesse Sophia" (2011) | Elfenspiegel “TrioMio” (2012) | Magic bell "Bella Limoncella" (2013) | Geranium and magic snow "Snow white and rose red" (2014) | Cape basket "Laughing Lucy" (2015) | Zweizahn "BeeDance" (2016) | Petunia "Sensual Sissi" (2017)

Northern Germany

Nemesie "Golden Greta" (2009) | Petunia "Pretty much Picasso" (2010) | Begonia "Chardonnay" (2011) | Nemesia "Mine-Trine" Sunsatia Alegria (2012)  | Pelargonium "Lillibet" (2013) | Petunia "Miss Pink Sunshine" (2014) | Verbena "Wolken Lene" (2015)

Rhineland-Palatinate

Begonia "Summerwings" (2009) | Nemesia "Summer Elves" (2010) | Verbena "Blue Trio" (2011) | Ruby of the Valley "Double Ruby" (2012) | Ear sage "Midnight Candle" (2013) | Dream Cloud "Dark Blue" & "Snow" (2014) | Euphorbia "Magic Fire" (2014) | Petunia "Shooting Star" (2016) | Ocimum hybrid "Gusto Azzuro" + "Gusto Blanco" (2017)

Saxony

Large Flowering Girl's Eye (2014) | Fragrance Steinrich (2016) | Blue Leprechaun Flower (2017)