Calibrachoa

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Calibrachoa
Calibrachoa spec.

Calibrachoa spec.

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Nightshade (Solanales)
Family : Nightshade family (Solanaceae)
Genre : Calibrachoa
Scientific name
Calibrachoa
La Llave & Lex.

The Calibrachoa are a genus of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). The hybrid Calibrachoa × hybrida "Double Ruby" was chosen as the 2012 Balcony Plant of the Year Rhineland-Palatinate and is also known as the Ruby of the Valley.

description

Calibrachoa are small shrubs or herbaceous plants with a woody stem that grow annually or perennially . The leaves are ovate, elliptical, inverted ovate or linear; their edge is flat or rolled back.

The inflorescences are monochasial and have opposite, leaf-like bracts . The flowers are mostly zygomorphic , the bud coverage is reciprocal in most species, the only exception in both cases is Calibrachoa pygmaea . The calyx has five or ten ribs, it is mostly lobed to about the middle, the lobes are usually narrowed towards the tip. The crown is funnel-shaped, only in Calibrachoa pygmaea is it salver-shaped, bulbous and tapering towards the tip. The color of the crown can be purple, red, pink or whitish. The anthers are colored yellow.

The fruits are capsules . The seeds have a net-like surface. This structure is due to the walls standing perpendicular to the seed surface, which are straight in all species.

The number of chromosomes as far as examined is 2n = 18.

Systematics

External system

For a long time the species of the genus Calibrachoa were counted among the petunias ( Petunia ). Investigations of the relationship between the two genera using morphological and molecular biological methods have shown that both genera are monophyletic and that the division of the genus is therefore justified.

The genus Calibrachoa is classically classified within the systematics of the nightshade family in the tribe Nicotianeae and there in the subtribe Nicotianinae. Molecular biological investigations showed, however, that the Calibrachoa cannot be classified in a common clade with the tobacco genus ( Nicotiana ) . In the family system of Richard Olmstead from 2007, the genus is classified together with the Bouchetia , Brunfelsia , Fabiana , Hunzikeria , Leptoglossis , Nierembergia , Petunia and Plowmania in a clade called Petunieae.

Internal system

Within the genus, according to Fregonezi et al. 27 species recognized:

literature

  • T. Gerats and J. Strommer: Petunia - Evolutionary, Developmental and Physiological Genetics , Springer Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-0-387-84795-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. Rhineland-Palatinate balcony plant of the year 2012 . ( Online ). Online ( Memento of the original from October 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gartenbau-rlp.de
  2. Hitoshi Watanabe et al .: Three Groups of Species in Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) inferred from the intact seed morphology . In: American Journal of Botany , Volume 86, Number 2, 1999, pp. 302-305.
  3. Claudia dos Reis, Maria das Graças Sajo and João Renato Stehmann: Leaf Structure and Taxonomy of Petunua and Calibrachoa (Solanaceae) . In: Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology , Volume 45, Number 1, March 2002, pp. 59-66.
  4. ^ Toshio Ando et al .: Phylogenetic Analysis of Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae) using Chloroplast DNA RFLP . In: Annals of Botany , Volume 96, 2005, pp. 289-297. doi : 10.1093 / aob / mci177
  5. Armando T. Hunziker: The Genera of Solanaceae. ARG Gantner Verlag KG, Ruggell, Liechtenstein 2001. ISBN 3-904144-77-4 .
  6. ^ Richard G. Olmstead and Lynn Bohs: A Summary of Molecular Systematic Research in Solanaceae: 1982-2006 . In: DM Spooner et al. (Ed.): Solanaceae VI: Genomics Meets Biodiversity , ISHS Acta Horticulturae 745, June 2007. ISBN 978-90-6605-427-1 .
  7. Fregonezi, JN et al .: Infrageneric classification of Calibrachoa (Solanaceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence . In: TAXON , Volume 61, Number 1, 2012, pp. 120-130.
  8. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Calibrachoa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 30, 2017.

Web links

Commons : Calibrachoa  - collection of images, videos and audio files