Katharinaberg (Schnals)
Katharinaberg ( Italian Monte Santa Caterina ) is a fraction of the municipality Schnals in South Tyrol ( Italy ).
geography
The place is located in the southern Ötztal Alps in Schnalstal . It is located on the orographic left , eastern side of the valley on a mountain spur (made of old crystalline paragneiss ), which represents the remainder of a pre-glacial (i.e. pre-ice age) valley floor (the continuation of which can be seen very nicely on the opposite side [Saxalbhof]) in 1245 m altitude on the Meraner Höhenweg .
"In this old valley floor the glaciers of several ice ages and - in the interglacial periods - also the floods of the Schnalser Bach cut a new, deeper valley". On the picture "View of the lower Schnalstal with Katharinaberg" , you can see the described remains of the former valley floor. In the further course the Schnalstal flowed into the Vinschgau earlier (before the Ice Ages) at the height of Juval Castle : Especially during the postglacial period , the Schnalser Bach cut into the rock and formed today's impressive, steep and narrow gorge into the Adige Valley (after the glacier ice had melted it was initially a so-called glacial hanging valley ).
history
The first traces of settlement in Katharinaberg date from the Bronze Age . They were proven in 1994 by ceramic finds on the church hill. The Schnalsburg was located in Katharinaberg and was demolished in 1350. In 1499 the parish church of St. Katharina was donated, which is a listed building along with the cemetery. Friedrich Gurschler's mother , Dominika Gurschler, is buried in the cemetery.
In 1953, the brothers Alois and Johann Gorfer from Obervernatschhof founded the Katharinenberg music band, which gives around 30 concerts a year in and out of town.
In 1961 Katharinaberg had 300 inhabitants. The number dropped to 235 by 1971.
There is a primary school in Katharinaberg. It belongs to the Naturno school district .
“Originally the only teacher taught in the rectory when the classroom became too narrow, even in two shifts, that is: one group in the morning, the second in the afternoon. The two-class new school building was completed in 1953. ”In autumn 1993, this building was demolished and, after three years of construction, replaced by a new building in 1996.
In 1959/60 the school had 63 students, in 1976/77 21 and in the school year 2017/18 12 students. Nothing is known precisely about the beginnings of the school system in Katharinaberg. According to Hendricks and Rainer (1990), however, it is likely that when the curate was set up in 1735, teaching was carried out here - there is certainly evidence of a school in Katharinaberg in 1840.
Architectural monuments
Some of the architectural monuments of the municipality of Schnals are located in Katharinaberg :
- Parish church of St. Katharina with cemetery chapel and cemetery
The Schnalsburg castle stood on the site of today's church until 1350, the tower of which is still used as a bell tower for today's church. But “there was already a Chapel of St. Catherine in Schnalsburg. The probably quite spacious chapel was the only church in Schnalstal until 1304 ”. The monks of the Allerengelberg Charterhouse had the castle demolished.
“A century and a half later, in 1498, Christian Weithaler von Prettrach, today Unterpretter, asked the prior of Allerengelberg for permission to build a new chapel in honor of St. Catherine on the old castle grounds. He got permission. Christian Weithaler had a reason for the pious act. His daughter Margaretha was about to give birth and was deathly ill. The parents called the helper Katharina for help and made the vow to build her a chapel at their own expense. Margaretha got well and Christian Weithaler kept his word. He built the little church, probably in its current form, but a little smaller. Bishop Stephanus ( Chur ) inaugurated it in 1503 . At that time it already had three altars. From the day of the parish fair on, a cooperator from Naturns read a holy mass every third Sunday in Sankt Katharina for the people in the mountains and then returned to Naturns . Katharinaberg and Pfossental belonged to the parish of Naturno until 1735. ”From 1735 the independent curate was established in Katharinaberg, and it quickly became apparent that the chapel was too small, so that it was enlarged to its present size and shape by 1748. A fire destroyed the church; it was renewed in 1813/1814. The church has a pointed tower with the cemetery chapel on the ground floor. The nave with arched windows has a barrel vault . The choir is polygonal. The church, cemetery chapel and cemetery have been listed as historical monuments since 1981.
The church is dedicated to St. Catherine of Alexandria .
The following description of the interior of the church refers in particular to the images published in this article: “ Interior view ”, “ Left side altar ” and “ Right side altar ”.
“A visit to St. Catherine's Church is just as worthwhile for art lovers as it is for those who pray. He will especially admire the beautiful baroque high altar . It is richly decorated with columns, architraves , angel heads and tendrils . In the closing window of the structure there is the picture of St. Theresa of the Child Jesus . The large altarpiece, half covered by a medallion, depicts the marriage of St. Catherine and Jesus Christ. It was painted by Simon Überertracher from Naturns. On the sides of the picture are the statues of a farmer with a fork and a maid with implements in her hands, images of St. Isidore and St. Notburga . The pious Spanish tenant Isidore, whose festival the church celebrates on May 10, lived in the 12th century. His life was one single, but God-blessed work in the fields of his master, and characterized by great love for fellow human beings and animals. He is therefore rightly the patron saint of all farmers. Notburga was the housekeeper or stable maid all of her life, both to simple farmers and to the court of the noble counts on the Rattenburg over the Inn. She was benevolent like St. Elisabeth of Thuringia and loyal to her masters, but also idiosyncratic in claiming her free time, most of which she spent praying in the castle chapel or in the little church of St. Rupert near Eben. The Tyroleans especially venerate their holy compatriot as the patron saint of maidservants and servants, who also stand up for their free time with the Lord God. Above the ledges of the entrances to the confessionals on both sides of the high altar are the statues of St. Catherine with the broken wheel and St. Barbara with the chalice and host . Like Katharina, Barbara is one of the fourteen helpers in need . In particular, she is the patroness of miners. " The two neo-Gothic side altars - their baroque predecessors fell victim to the fire of 1813 - are dedicated to the Sorrows of Sorrows and Saint Sebastian , the patron saint of hunters and shooters. The relief portrait of Saint Martin set into the wall next to the pulpit is also of extraordinary beauty . The devout and artful hiker experiences a little surprise when visiting the side chapel in the shaft of the tower on the west wall of the church. It's so tiny it's easy for him to miss it. In addition, when walking around the cemetery, the beautiful wrought iron grave crosses soon divert his interest from the inconspicuous entrance. But once he has discovered it and opened it, it will stand opposite a masterfully carved baroque altar in the space of just a few square meters. The center of its graceful structures is a peasant, simple Pieta group, on the sides of which are the statues of two saints: an old man with a flowing beard and a shepherd's shovel in his right hand and a woman dressed in a flowing robe and carrying a book in her arm. Nobody knows exactly who they represent. On the left wing of the large altar triptych , around 1490 , the painter Jan Baegert provided the mother's parents with the same attributes that the unknown creator of the Katharinaberg ossuary used. The chapel, which today forms a unit with the church and tower, is the old bone chapel, i.e. an independent building. The Katharinaberger tell that it was built on the still standing foundation walls of a watchtower of the destroyed Schnalsburg. They also call it the Chapel of the Sorrowful Mother and have always prayed in it on high festivals and especially on the Fridays of Sorrows (Friday before Palm Sunday ) for an answer to all personal concerns. "
The church tower, formerly the castle tower
inside view
right side altar
left side altar
Gallery
- Obermair
The house with gable framing, door, window and corner painting has a room with paneled panels and a carved door frame. The year 1814 can be found in the gable framing; the door surround bears the year 1812 and the names Jacob Kofler and Elisabeth Reinerin. The building has been a listed building since 1981.
- Obervernatsch
The house is a log building with a Gothic ground floor; The upper and attic floors date from the 16th century. The room is provided with carved window frames. The year 1739 can be found here. The building was placed under monument protection in 1981.
- Montfert
Montfert is a building ensemble with residential and farm buildings. The wooden block construction of the house has a room with two joists. It is decorated with a field ceiling. The year 1812 is written above the door pillar. The grain box has a carved purlin. Montfert has been a listed building since 1981.
- Weithal
Weithal is an ensemble of residential and farm buildings. The house has an outside staircase. The windows and the building edges are painted. The granary dates from the 17th century. The ensemble was placed under monument protection in 1981.
- Mitterkaser in Pfossental
The residential building is a late Gothic log building. It has an entrance paved with stones, in the gable framing the year 1620 is given, above the door spar is the year 1670. The room has a beveled joist. The kitchen ceiling is arched. The building has been a listed building since 1989.
- Chapel at Unterperfl
The baroque chapel from the 18th century was placed under protection in 1990. The building with a shingle roof has squares painted on the corners of the building. Inside it has a barrel vault. It is furnished in a baroque style.
Obermair in Katharinaberg
Mitterkaser in Pfossental
Chapel at Unterperfl
Weithal
See also
Ice farm : Until 1897, the farm, located at an altitude of 2,076 m in Pfossental , was inhabited all year round.
Web links
- Katharinaberg in the Schnalstal information portal
Individual evidence
- ↑ P. Stacul, On the geology of the Vintschgau. In: The Upper Way, Bozen 1967
- ↑ Katharinaberg at Burggrafenamt .com
- ↑ Naturparke.com
- ↑ J. Hendricks, U. Hendricks and KJ Rainer, Schnals , From the past and present of a South Tyrolean high mountain valley, Bozen 1990
- ↑ Maike Keim, Schnals - cultural geography of a South Tyrolean mountain farming community, Bozen 1975
- ↑ Konrad Spindler (ed.): The man in the ice. New finds and results . Springer-Verlag, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-211-82626-2 , p. 19
- ^ Oswald Trapp : Tiroler Burgenbuch. Volume I: Vinschgau . Publishing house Athesia, Bozen 1972, pp. 198-199.
- ↑ a b St. Katharina in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
- ↑ [1] History of the Katharinaberg Band, accessed on January 22, 2019
- ↑ Der Schlern , Volume 48, Part 2, Bozen 1974, p. 562 ( digitized version )
- ^ Parish of Schnals
- ↑ South Tyrolean Citizens' Network
- ↑ J. Hendricks, U. Hendricks and KJ Rainer, Schnals, From the past and present of a South Tyrolean high mountain valley, Bozen 1990, p. 103
- ↑ [2] , History of the Katharinaberg Primary School, accessed on January 15, 2019
- ↑ J. Hendricks, U. Hendricks and KJ Rainer, Schnals, From the past and present of a South Tyrolean high mountain valley, Bozen 1990, p. 99
- ↑ J. Hendricks, U. Hendricks and KJ Rainer, Schnals, From the past and present of a South Tyrolean high mountain valley, Bozen 1990, p. 100
- ↑ J. Hendricks, U. Hendricks and KJ Rainer, Schnals, From the past and present of a South Tyrolean high mountain valley, Bozen 1990, pp. 100–101
- ↑ Obermair in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
- ↑ Obervernatsch in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
- ↑ Montfert in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
- ↑ Weithal in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
- ↑ Mitterkaser in Pfossental in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
- ↑ Chapel near Unterperfl in the directory of architectural monuments in South Tyrol
Coordinates: 46 ° 41 ′ 21 ″ N , 10 ° 56 ′ 6 ″ E