Katun

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Katun
Катунь
The Katun in the upper reaches

The Katun in the upper reaches

Data
Water code RU :  13010100312115100003045
location Altai region , Altai Republic ( Russia )
River system If
Drain over Whether  → Arctic Ocean
source Gebler Glacier in the Altai
49 ° 44 ′ 54 ″  N , 86 ° 33 ′ 55 ″  E
Source height approx.  2000  m
Union with the Bija to Ob (near Bijsk ) coordinates: 52 ° 25 ′ 50 ″  N , 85 ° 0 ′ 12 ″  E 52 ° 25 ′ 50 ″  N , 85 ° 0 ′ 12 ″  E
Mouth height 162  m
Height difference approx. 1838 m
Bottom slope approx. 2.7 ‰
length 688 km
Catchment area 60,900 km²
Discharge at the Tjungur
A Eo gauge : 13,500 km²
Location: 429 km above the mouth 		MQ 1938/2000
Mq 1938/2000
 		256 m³ / s
19 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the Maly Jaloman
A Eo gauge : 36,800 km²
Location: 348 km above the mouth 		MQ 1955/1994
Mq 1955/1994
 		475 m³ / s
12.9 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the Elanda
A Eo gauge : 47,300 km².
Location: 215 km above the mouth 		MQ 1975/1979
Mq 1975/1979
 		511 m³ / s
10.8 l / (s km²)
Discharge at the gauge Srostki A Eo : 58,400 km² Location: 53 km above the mouth

 MQ 1936/2000
Mq 1936/2000
 		616 m³ / s
10.5 l / (s km²)
Left tributaries Koksa , Ursul , Kamenka , Sema
Right tributaries Multa , Kuragan , Kutscherla , Akkem , Argut , Tschuja , Kadrin , Ischa
Big cities Biysk
Medium-sized cities Gorno-Altaysk
Communities Ust-Koksa , Inja , Chemal , Maima

The Katun ( Russian Катунь ) is the 688 km long left source river of the Ob in the south of Western Siberia ( Russia ). It is also named for the Katun chain, which he encircles on three sides, in the center of the High Altai or Russian Altai .

course

The catchment area of ​​the Katun in orange

The river has its origin about one kilometer away from the Russian- Kazakh border on the southern flank of the 4506  m high Belukha , the highest peak of the Altai and all of Siberia . There it flows from the Gebler Glacier .

The Katun continues to flow west and after about 60 km turns north to circle the Katun mountain range in an elongated, semicircular arc. Exactly north of the approximately 120 km long massif, the milky-white glacial waters of the Kutscherla and Akkem flow into it . The main access to the three highest peaks runs through the high valleys of these water-rich tributaries.

Then (at around 300 km) the Katun finally turns its course to the north and swings into a striking longitudinal valley from which a strong tributary drains the border mountains to Mongolia . At Inja , where the M52 trunk road crosses the valley, the waters of the Tschuja come from the southeast . The relatively straight longitudinal valley is now the breakthrough so closely by a rugged mountain land that otherwise the Katun following highway in a western tributary dodge needs.

Before the Katun emerges from the mountains, it passes Chemal and Ust-Sema , from where the M52 can now follow the river again, and about 70 km further on Maima , a suburb of Gorno-Altaisk , the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Altai . About 100 km down the valley below Bijsk the Katun joins the somewhat smaller Bija to the Ob.

Expeditions

In 1826 the Baltic German Alexander von Bunge traveled with Carl Friedrich von Ledebour to the Altai Mountains, where Bunge continued to travel until in 1829 he reached the sources of the “Katunja”. The research results of this trip are in “Karl Friedrich v. Ledebour's journey through the Altai Mountains and the Djungarian Kyrgyz steppe… ”(Berlin, 1829–30). Ledebour's publications “Flora altaica” (1829–33) and “Icones plantarum novarum vel imperfecte cognitarum floram rossicam, imprimis altaicam, illustrantes” (1829–34) also testify to this expedition.

The Gebler Glacier is named after the German-Russian doctor, naturalist and explorer Friedrich August von Gebler (* 1782 in Zeulenroda , † 1850 in Barnaul ), from whom the first detailed description of the Belucha area (1836) and many other parts of the Russian Altai originates.

  • Katun near the village of Chemal

  • Flat banks and gravel banks

  • Some spring rivers (in the picture the Kutscherla) have water colored white by the glacial milk

  • The Chemal flows into the Katun

Web links

Commons : Katun  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Article Katun in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D059999~2a%3DKatun~2b%3DKatun
  2. ↑ a b Katun in the State Water Directory of the Russian Federation (Russian)
  3. ↑ Katun at the Tjungur gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  4. ↑ Katun at the Maly Jaloman gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  5. ↑ Katun at the Elanda gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
  6. ↑ a b a few kilometers from the river
  7. ↑ Photo of the glacier gate with the Katun flowing away at Panoramio
  8. ↑ Bija at the Biysk gauge - hydrographic data at R-ArcticNET (flow rate 476 m³ / s compared to 626 m³ / s at Katun)