Marubi
The famous Albanian photographers Pjetër, Kel and Gegë Marubi came from the Marubi family - mostly Spelling Marubbi . In the 19th and 20th centuries you ran a photo studio in the northern Albanian city of Shkodra for three generations , which was the first in Albania. With their work, the Marubis made a significant contribution to the documentation of the Albanian world of their time and the cultural heritage in the south-east European country.
Towards the end of the 19th and first half of the 20th century, three members of the family took landscape and everyday photographs, which represent a unique artistic witness to Albanian history . There are also many commissioned pictures showing Albanians in traditional costumes . The three photographers also captured many important political events of the epoch.
The work is collected and exhibited in the Fototeka Marubi in Shkodra.
The photographers
Pjetër Marubi
Pjetër Marubi (* 1834 in Piacenza as Pietro Marubbi , Italy ; † 1905 ) had to leave his homeland occupied by the Austrians for political reasons as a supporter of Giuseppe Garibaldi . After trying to assassinate the mayor of Piacenza, he fled to Corfu , then to Vlora . In 1856 he settled in Shkodra and worked, among other things, as an architect , painter and sculptor . In 1858 , he took the first photo ever taken in Albania: a portrait of Hamze Kazazi , an insurgent for the Albanian national question. He founded the first photo studio in the country, which he called Dritëshkronja Marubi , the light writing Marubi .
Pjetër had already captured political events in what was then the west of the Ottoman Empire on celluloid , such as uprisings in the Mirdita (1876/77) and the League of Prizren (1878).
Pjetër Marubi was married to Maria, a midwife. The marriage remained childless.
Kel Marubi
In 1885 , 15-year-old Kel Marubi (* 1870 as Mikel Kodheli in the village of Kodhel in Zadrima ; † 1940 ) began working as an assistant in Pjetër's studio. He replaced his brother Mat, who held this position until his untimely death. The two sons of Pjetër Marubis gardener Rrok Kodheli completed an internship in Trieste . The childless couple Maria and Pjetër Marubi later adopted Kel and bequeathed his photo studio to him. Kel Marubi was a patriot and active in the Albanian rebirth movement. He was a co-founder of The Albanian Language Society and editor of the newspaper Zëri i Shkodrës (The Voice of Shkodra).
From an artistic point of view, Kel stepped out of the footsteps of his teacher. With his images of northern Albanian society, he made a significant contribution to the photo collection. He photographed personalities from northern Albania and the leaders of the Albanian state, but also simple mountain people and the sometimes veiled urban women. Kel's photographs of everyday urban life show many business people in their businesses, but also market events and beggars. Even in his landscape shots, people always seem to be the focus.
He documented every historical occasion of his time in Albania, from the arrival of Prince Wilhelm zu Wied to the wedding of King Zog I. In 1910, Nikola of Montenegro commissioned him to take photos of the celebrations on the occasion of his elevation to king.
Gegë Marubi
Kel had six children. The four daughters helped out in the studio, and he taught his son Rrok how to retouch . His son Gegë Marubi (* 1909 ; † 1984 ) followed in his father's footsteps and also became a photographer. He was sent to Lyon to the school of the Lumière brothers . He has received several awards for his work. In contrast to his two predecessors, he also took many photos of landscapes without people and experimented with celluloid film , but again photographed important events. After the communists took power in 1944 after the Second World War , the business closed in 1946 and Gegë stopped working as a photographer in 1952. As a result, he invested a lot of time in archiving and preserving the collection. Either in 1970, 1974 or 1978 he bequeathed the photo archive with 150,000 negatives (glass plates) to the Albanian state. His only daughter, Tereza, became an engineer, factory director and in 1990 mayor of Shkodra.
The work of the Marubi
The number of photos alone is extremely impressive. Over a period of almost 100 years, the images show the political events and social change in the city of Shkodra and a large area up to central Albania with practically no gaps. There are documented eventful years when Albania gradually gained independence from the Turks and formed its own state. In addition to political leaders and the rich upper class, many simple people and their everyday life were also the motif of the Marubi photographers.
Appreciation
"The Marubi Photo Collection ( Fototeka Marubi ) in Shkodra comprises over 150,000 photos, many of which are of great historical, artistic and cultural significance."
"The photo collection of Marubi in Shkodra comprises over 150,000 photos, many of which are of great historical, artistic and cultural importance."
Marubi photo library
The Fototeka Marubi archive was founded in 1970 .
The French organization Patrimoine Sans Frontières viewed the collection in the mid-1990s with the support of UNESCO . An exhibition of 100 pictures was subsequently shown in several French and Italian cities. After an exhibition in Tirana , this exhibition was transferred to its own museum in Shkodra. The Fototeka Marubi can be visited since 2001.
Because of its artistic, cultural-historical and scientific importance, the photo collection was declared a national cultural heritage of Albania in 2003.
The Berlin University of Applied Sciences for Technology and Economics evaluated the condition of the Fototeka. Electronic archiving is in progress. In 2015, a website with 100,000 photos went online. In the same year, construction began on a new museum building in Shkodra, which could be moved into in May 2016. The new exhibition rooms, now known as Muzeu Kombëtar i Fotografisë Marubi (National Marubi Photography Museum) , are centrally located in the pedestrian zone.
Akademia e Filmit & Multimedias Marubi
In 2001, a private university called Akademia e Filmit e Multimedias Marubi was approved in Tirana , which allows training in film and audiovisual professions.
Photo competitions
From 1998 to 2005, the Albanian Ministry of Culture held international photography exhibitions and competitions under the name Marubi in Tirana.
literature
- Ismail Kadare : Albania. Visage of the Balkans. Ecrits de lumière . Arthaud, Paris 1995 ISBN 2-7003-1062-4 ( table of contents ( Memento from January 7, 2003 in the web archive archive.today ))
- Institut Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti: Un Secolo di realtà albanese. Le foto dell'archivio marubi (1858-1944). Catalogo della mostra . Venice 2003
- Roland Tasho (Ed.): Marubi: Shipëria - Albania, 1858–1950. MKRS, Bashkia e Shkodrës, Shkodra 2003
- Loïc Chauvin, Christian Raby: Albania, a photographic journey 1858-1945 . Écrits de Lumière, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-9538669-1-9 .
Exhibitions
- 2011/2012 Maison Européenne de la Photography
Web links
- Muzeu Virtual Marubi - digital photo archive
- Museum Facebook page
- Fototeka Marubi (PDF file; 90 kB)
- Early photography in Albania
- Maria Wiesne: Balkan Beads - Pictures of a forgotten time in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 9, 2015
- Marubi Film & Multimedia School MFMS
Individual evidence
- ^ Photo from 1939 or 1940 and countless print products by the photographers.
- ↑ a b c d e Bujar Leskaj, Semiha Osmani: Arti fotografik në Shqipëri . In: Semiha Osmani (ed.): Marubi. Shqipëria 1858-1950 / Albania 1858-1950 . Pegi, Tirana 2006, ISBN 99943-40-26-3 , pp. 9-18 .
- ↑ a b c d Kulttuurien museo: Studio Marubi. (No longer available online.) In: Finland's National Board of Antiquities. Archived from the original on May 7, 2010 ; accessed on August 15, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Maria Wiesner: Balkan Beads. In: FAZ. June 9, 2015, accessed June 14, 2015 .
- ↑ a b c Viktor Gjika: Introduction . In: Roland Tasho (ed.): Marubi - Shqipëria - Albania - 1858-1950 . MKRS, Bashkia e Shkodrës, Shkodra 2003.
- ^ Robert Elsie: Early Photography in Albania . In: Robert Elsie (Ed.): Albania and Kosova in Color - 1913 - Shqipëria dhe Kosova në Ngjyra (The Autochromes of the Albert Kahn Collection) . Skanderbeg books, Tirana 2008, ISBN 978-90-76905-25-9 .
- ↑ a b The Marubi National Photo Museum. In: Albanian-American Development Foundation. April 14, 2015, accessed December 22, 2015 .
- ↑ In Your Pocket Guide: Fototeka ( Memento from March 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Ligj No. 9048, dated 7.4.2003 “për trashëgiminë kulturore”. (PDF) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 24, 2015 ; Retrieved December 22, 2015 (Albanian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Fototeka Marubi. In: Berlin University of Technology and Economics. Retrieved December 22, 2012 .
- ↑ Muzeu Virtual Marubi, 'thesari' që po zbulohet çdo ditë. In: Ministria e Kulturës. October 15, 2015, accessed December 22, 2015 (Albanian).
- ↑ Elidona Styla: Përurohet muzeu “Marubi” në Shkodër. (No longer available online.) In: Shekulli Online. May 9, 2016, archived from the original on May 10, 2016 ; Retrieved May 10, 2016 (Albanian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Catalog Marubi 2003 ( Memento of the original from July 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF file; 1.75 MB); "Marubi 2005". In: Metropol. March 19, 2005, accessed September 27, 2012 (Albanian).
- ↑ L'âge d'or de la photographie albanaise: la dynastie Marubi et les rhapsodes de lumière 1858 - 1945
