Cinema in Dresden
Cinema in Dresden outlined in part the development of Dresdner film and cinema history from the first cinematographic sideshows , the first film projector from Heinrich Ernemann towards a cinema City in the 1920s and 1930s. At the same time, the scope and extent of a destroyed cinema culture and its reconstruction after the air raids of February 13, 1945 are presented.
history
1895-1945
With the invention and introduction of cinematography (probably in 1895) the era of fairground and traveling cinema began . Moving images became more and more popular. In Dresden, the enthusiasm for the new medium took on an additional meaning: The Ernemann-Werke located here , together with the Deutsche Kinematographen-Werke GmbH (DKW), stood for technical innovations in the photo and cinema equipment industry and made Dresden the center of the film industry .
Moving images have been a popular attraction on Dresden's bird meadow since 1896 . From these screenings, which were only limited to a few days a year, a steadily growing number of movie theaters quickly developed throughout the Dresden city area. Low admission prices made the enjoyment of the short films interesting for the entire population and increased demand. Other cultural institutions, such as the Varietè Central-Theater and the Viktoria-Theater, recognized this boom and integrated the medium of film into their programs.
The founder of the first Dresden cinema was the owner of Deutsche Kinematographen-Werke GmbH Otto Dederscheck , who opened the "Dedrophon Theater" in 1906 on Wettiner Strasse 34 (today's Schweriner Strasse). In 1908 the "Tonbild-Theater" followed on Prager Straße 47 as the first big city cinema. In addition to representative cinemas, a large number of smaller venues were created, for example in cafes, shops or restaurants. However, only a few succeeded in long-term survival; many closed after a short time. In addition to economic reasons, this was primarily due to the strict requirements for fire protection and film censorship, which can be interpreted differently in the respective police districts. The " Association of Cinemathographers of the Kingdom of Saxony in Dresden", founded in May 1909, was to represent the interests of the industry and was intended to create legal certainty for cinema operators.
There was only limited building land available in Dresden city center . Large movie theaters were created by converting existing halls or were built in inner courtyards . In 1913 the first super cinema opened at Waisenhausstrasse 22 - the "UT" ( Union Theater Lichtspiele ): it offered space for more than 1100 spectators and had 12 boxes and a modern lighting concept. In 1926 the “Capitol” opened at Prager Straße 31 - with 1750 seats it was considered the largest cinema in Dresden at that time.
At the beginning of the 1920s, Dresden's real cinema era began: veritable palaces, but also small and medium-sized film theaters, attracted audiences. Seven large movie theaters with a total of 9,000 seats are located between the main train station and Postplatz . This is also where the stars celebrated by movie fans showed up at premieres , for example “ Girls in White ”, “ Dr. Crippen on board ”or“ The woman without a past ”. The premiere " The Years Pass ", which was planned for February 6, 1945 , was canceled. The day before, all cinemas in the inner city area stopped operating and were converted to accommodate refugees. None of these cinemas survived the air raids of February 13, 1945.
After 1945
Of the 33 cinemas that were once close to the city center, only 16 survived the inferno. These were exclusively in the periphery of the former inner city. In 1949, the state of Saxony converted movie theaters into the “ Association of People's Own Movie Theaters” (VVL); the private cinema operators were expropriated. The return of a cinema landscape as it existed before 1945 was opposed to financial and urban development priorities . That is why smaller refurbishment and renovation projects , such as the Schillergarten Lichtspiele, the Kleiner Theater Reick and the Olympia, were given preference over a more necessary new building. The larger cinemas in the city soon became venues for theater and concert events thanks to dual use. To compensate for the growing demand for cinema, the city acquired intact gyms, ballrooms and schools as interim venues.
No new cinema buildings were built in Dresden between 1945 and 1972. Seven, mostly smaller, destroyed cinemas were rebuilt by 1970 in addition to the 16 cinemas already mentioned and prepared for operation. There were a total of 23 cinemas with around 6500 seats in the entire city of Dresden. In terms of popularity and available space, the Faunpalast, the East Day Film Theater, the Astoria and the Olympia Film Theater were in the foreground until the opening of the first new cinema building in 1972. The new film theater on Prager Strasse, also known as the round cinema because of its special architecture, offered space beyond the 1100s for the first time and went down in the history of the GDR as the largest new cinema building. Well-known western actors and directors also visited the round cinema, for example Margarethe von Trotta with her producer Eberhardt Junkersdorf . Her film “ Rosa Luxemburg ” was followed by inevitable panel discussions with over 1000 GDR citizens, which were undesirable on the part of the functionaries . The GDR premiere of the film Caspar David Friedrich - The Limits of Time took place in February 1987 in the presence of the film director Peter Schamoni in the round cinema.
To show first performances primarily only in the round cinema was not possible due to capacity reasons. The Schauburg in Dresden Neustadt advanced to become the city's second film theater in 1980 with the premiere of the Horst Seemann film " Levins Mühle ". The so-called Visionsbar was located in it until the renovation in 1993; an auditorium separated by glass panes for around 60 spectators, who were provided with complete catering services during the film showing.
After 1990
With the introduction of the D-Mark and the liquidation of GDR business assets, the Dresden cinemas were also advertised as an economic asset and advertised for sale by the Treuhandanstalt (THA). In 1991 real estate companies and Bernd Eichinger's Neue Constantin Film GmbH shared the city's cinema files. The Treuhand could not find any interested parties for the Filmtheater Ost, Reick or the cinema at the main station. Up until the Elbe floods in 2002, the UFA played in the circular cinema after minor modifications. Apart from the Schauburg, it was the last movie theater from the Treuhand sales basket that was still in use. Gradually, the trend towards multiplex cinemas also developed in Dresden . The UCI , CinemaxX , Kristallpalast and the Bofimax should fit in with the urban development and cover the cinema needs of Dresden's population. At the beginning of 1970 Dresden still had 23 cinemas with 23 screens for 6,500 visitors, after the introduction of multiplex cinemas in 2009 there were only 10 cinemas with 40 screens for more than 10,000 visitors.
The closure of the Metropolis, founded as Bofimax, with its 1900 seats in 2009 had no effect on the city's oversaturated cinema market. On the other hand one the need developed to date many filmmakers adapted film and cinema landscape in smaller privately run cinemas . With the customer-oriented cinema entertainment, the number of visitors increased continuously.
As of December 31, 2017, Dresden had 551,072 inhabitants. In 2018, every Dresden resident visited a cinema 2.7 times on average. Compared to this, in 1936 everyone in Dresden went to the cinema almost four times as often. The admission prices averaging € 8.00 were the cheapest among the 17 German cities with over 200,000 inhabitants.
Dresden film theater until 1945 (selection)
Movie theater | image | Founded as | district | address | from | to | Places |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cosmos movie theater | Palace theater light plays | Outer new town | Alaunstrasse 28 | 1921 | 1945 | 500 | |
Hansa light games | Dresden White Wall | Outer new town | Görlitzer Strasse 18 | 1909 | 1945 | 350 | |
Olympic theater | Olympic audio theater | Inner old town | Altmarkt 13 | 1909 | 1928 | 450 | |
Cinematographer Georg Hermann | Inner old town | Große Brüdergasse 19 | 1906 | 1916 | |||
MS light games | MS Lichtspiele, Scala | Inner old town | Moritzstrasse 10 | 1915 | 1945 | 600 | |
Imperial-Tonbild-Theater | Imperial Theater | Inner old town | Moritzstrasse 3 | 1908 | 1916 | 300 | |
UT plays of light | Regina palace | Inner old town | Waisenhausstrasse 22 | 1912 | 1945 | 1120 | |
Ufa palace | Victoria Theater | Inner old town | Waisenhausstrasse 26 | 1916 | 1945 | 1022 | |
Ufa in the Central Theater | Inner old town | Waisenhausstrasse 6 | 1944 | 1945 | 2000 | ||
UFA at Postplatz | Rodera plays of light | Inner old town | Wilsdruffer Strasse 29 | 1913 | 1945 | 748 | |
Arrangement cosmographia | Inner old town | Zinzendorfstrasse 17 | 1903 | 1926 | 1350 | ||
National light plays | National cinema theater | Johannstadt | Gerokstrasse 27 | 1933 | 1945 | 500 | |
Fü-Li Fürstenhof light shows | Johannstadt | Striesener Strasse 32 | 1920 | 1945 | 600 | ||
Li-mu plays of light | Light games hall of the muses | Löbtau | Kesselsdorfer Strasse 17 | 1929 | 1945 | 1300 | |
Westend light plays | Westend Theater | Löbtau | Kesselsdorfer Strasse 20 | 1912 | 1945 | 400 | |
Drei-Kaiser-Hof-Lichtspiele (DKH) | Löbtau | Tharandter Strasse 2 | 1912 | 1945 | 964 | ||
German-Kaiser-Lichtspiele | Pieschen | Leipziger Strasse 112 | 1911 | 1929 | 481 | ||
Reicker plays of light | Reicker movie theater | Reick | Altreick 2 | 1930 | 1945 | 399 | |
Capitol | Lake suburb | Prager Strasse 31 | 1925 | 1945 | 1655 | ||
Audio theater | Edison Light Play Palace | Lake suburb | Prager Strasse 47 | 1908 | 1922 | 300 | |
Princess Theater | Lake suburb | Prager Strasse 52 | 1916 | 1945 | 1000 | ||
universe | Lake suburb | Prager Strasse 6 | 1933 | 1945 | 1067 | ||
Center plays of light | Lake suburb | Seestrasse 13 | 1926 | 1945 | 800 | ||
Regina-Lichtspiele Striesen | Apollo-Lichtspiel-Theater | Striesen | Augsburger Strasse 12 | 1911 | 1945 | 390 | |
Gloria palace | Gloria Palst plays of light | Striesen | Schandauer Strasse 11 | 1926 | 1945 | 850 | |
Saxonia light plays | Wilsdruffer suburb | Annenstrasse 28 | 1910 | 1945 | 300 | ||
Lichtspiele Freiberger Platz | Coliseum Theater | Wilsdruffer suburb | Freiberger Platz 20 | 1910 | 1945 | 700 | |
Campaneta Theater | Wilsdruffer suburb | Freiberger Platz 37 | 1906 | 1907 | 350 | ||
Tivoli plays of light | Folk light games | Wilsdruffer suburb | Wettiner Str. 12 | 1923 | 1945 | 768 | |
Peace light plays | Dedrophone theater | Wilsdruffer suburb | Wettiner Strasse 34 | 1906 | 1944 | 400 |
Dresden film theater after 1945 (selection)
Further playable movie theaters
Movie theater | image | Founded as | district | address | from | to | Places |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TB light games | Day film theater TB | Outer new town | Bischofsplatz 4 | 1926 | 1969 | 530 | |
Schillergarten plays of light | Repriesen-Filmtheater-Schillergarten | Blowjoke | Schillerplatz 9 | 1911 | 1972 | 255 | |
Film corner lights | Light games at the Briesnitz inn | Briesnitz | Altbriesnitz 2a | 1918 | 1972 | 489 | |
Hebbel plays of light | Light games Cotta | Cotta | Hebbelstrasse 10 | 1908 | 1958 | 350 | |
West movie theater | Town hall light plays Cotta | Cotta | Raimundstrasse 1 | 1923 | 1990 | 360 | |
Schauburg | Inner New Town | Königsbrücker Strasse 55 | 1927 | 1000 | |||
SMAD cinema | Heidepark cinema | Klotzsche | Königsbrücker Landstrasse 7 | 1918 | 1989 | 400 | |
Astoria | City of Bremen lights | Leipzig suburb | Leipziger Strasse 58 | 1927 | 1972 | 350 | |
Faunpalast | Original stage show Faun-Lichtspiele | Leipzig suburb | Leipziger Strasse 76 | 1929 | 1991 | 1000 | |
Stephenson plays of light | Leuben | Stephensonstrasse 46 | 1927 | 1991 | 625 | ||
Rudi Theater House | Elbschlosslichtspiele | Kaditz | Fechnerstrasse 2a | 1920 | 1994 | 200 | |
Artistic cinema east | East plays of light | Neugruna | Schandauer Strasse 73 | 1926 | 567 | ||
Niederpoyritz film theater | Niederpoyritz | Pillnitzer Landstrasse 179 | 1952 | 1964 | 500 | ||
Play of light in Großenhainer Straße | Rädelsburg movie theater | Pieschen | Grossenhainer Strasse 146 | 1927 | 1981 | 600 | |
Olympic light games | Chasing | Dohnaer Strasse 57 | 1938 | 1995 | 500 | ||
Golden Lamb movie theater | Play of light Golden Lamb | Trachau | Leipziger Strasse 220 | 1925 | 1964 | 580 | |
Titania light games | World mirror | Trachau | Trachenberger Strasse 15 | 1912 | 1958 | 270 | |
Park light games | White deer | Bautzner Landstrasse 6 | 1938 | 1991 | 400 |
Newly founded movie theater
Movie theater | image | Founded as | district | address | from | to | Places |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CinemaX | Blowjoke | Hüblerstraße 8 | 2000 | 2035 | |||
Club cinema Turmhaus Cotta | Cotta | Grillparzerstraße 51 | 1987 | 1990 | 36 | ||
Club passage | Cotta | Leutewitzer Ring 5 | 1993 | 70 | |||
Thalia Cinema | Apollo theater | Inner New Town | Görlitzer Strasse 6 | 2004 | 75 | ||
Zeitkino Neustädter Bahnhof | Inner New Town | Schlesischer Platz 1 | 1953 | 1968 | 130 | ||
Nickelodeon | Film theater engineering school | Johannstadt | Hans-Grundig-Strasse 25 | 1962 | 1990 | 249 | |
Light plays Alberthöhe | Klotzsche | Breitscheidstrasse 16 | 1945 | 1952 | 500 | ||
Folk light games | Löbtau | Bünaustraße 12 | 1949 | 1971 | 120 | ||
Kif - cinema in the factory | Löbtau | Tharandter Str. 33 | 2006 | 308 | |||
UCI Kinowelt Elbepark | Pecked | Lommatzscher Str. 82 | 1997 | 2600 | |||
Casablanca | Outer new town | Friedensstrasse 23 | 1991 | 2013 | 52 | ||
Film show Niedersedlitz | Capitol plays of light | Niedersedlitz | Lugaer Strasse 12 | 1948 | 1967 | 458 | |
Metropolis | Bofimax | Radeberger Vorstadt | At the brewery 8 | 1997 | 2009 | 1900 | |
Hellerau cultural center | Rähnitz | Bauernweg 60 | 1958 | 1989 | <400 | ||
Small theater Reick | Reick | Reicker Strasse 89 | 1950 | 1991 | 250 | ||
Film theater Maternistraße | Lake suburb | Maternistraße 17 | 1956 | 1975 | 660 | ||
Cineplex circular cinema | Lake suburb | Pragerstrasse 6 | 1972 | 1400 | |||
Ufa crystal palace | Lake suburb | St. Petersburger Strasse 24a | 1998 | 2668 | |||
Movie theater at the main train station | Lake suburb | Wiener Platz 4 | 1950 | 2000 | 272 | ||
Cinema in a box | Chasing | August-Bebel-Strasse 20 | 1993 | 322 | |||
Museum cinema Ernemann VII B | Striesen | Junghansstrasse 1–3 | 2002 | 78 | |||
Cinema in the roof (kid) | Striesen | Schandauer Strasse 64 | 1999 | 100 | |||
Weixdorf light plays | Weixdorf | Rudolf-Breitscheid-Strasse 81 | 1951 | 1989 | 430 | ||
Filmbühne Wölfnitz | Wolfnitz | Kesselsdorfer Strasse 114 | 1948 | 1984 | 900 |
Open air venues
Movie theater | image | Founded as | district | address | from | to | Places |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Large garden open-air stage | Open-air theater of the Young Guard | Seervorstadt-Ost / large garden | Karcherallee 10 | 1956 | 1989 | 4630 | |
Weisser Hirsch concert area | White deer | Stechgrundstrasse | 1957 | 1975 | 1000 | ||
Film nights on the banks of the Elbe | Inner New Town | Königsufer | 1991 | 5000 |
literature
- Carola Zeh: Motion picture theater in Saxony - development, documentation and inventory. Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6
- Heinz Fiedler: From the cinema to the modern cinema. In: Dresdner Geschichtsbuch Vol. 1, Ed. Stadtmuseum Dresden, Verlag DZA, Altenburg 1995, ISBN 3-9804226-8-2
- Carola Neumann: From the show booth to the crystal palace. Cinema architecture in Dresden. In: Dresdner Hefte, Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, ISBN 3-910055-76-1
- Andrè Eckart: Highlights of a film city. Film producers in Dresden before 1945. In: Dresdner Hefte, Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, ISBN 3-910055-76-1
- Karsten Fritz: Kino heute In: Dresdner Hefte, Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, ISBN 3-910055-76-1
- Karl Knietzsch: Cinema in the Post-War Years. In: Dresdner Hefte, Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, ISBN 3-910055-76-1
- Frank Apel: Dresden cinema culture in the seventies and eighties. In: Dresdner Hefte, Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, ISBN 3-910055-76-1
- Dresden in Figures, Statistical Yearbook of the City of Dresden, Dresden 1936, published by the Statistical Office of the State Capital Dresden, 35th year
- Address book for Dresden and suburbs, Dresden 1920, part IV, p. 107.
- Address book of the district and state capital Dresden, Freital-Radebeul, with surrounding 6 cities and 24 municipalities, Dresden 1943/44, part III, p. 104.
Web links
- https://www.stadtwikidd.de/wiki/Kino
- http://altesdresden.de
- http://filmtheater.square7.ch/wiki/index.php?title=Dresden
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carola Neumann: From the Schaubude to the Crystal Palace. Cinema architecture in Dresden . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 25 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Carola Neumann: From the Schaubude to the Crystal Palace . Cinema architecture in Dresden . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 25 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ^ Andrè Eckart: Highlights of a film city . Film producer in Dresden before 1945 . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 13 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Heinz Fiedler: From the cinema to the modern cinema . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch, Volume 1 . Dresden 1995. p. 151., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Carola Neumann: From the Schaubude to the Crystal Palace . Cinema architecture in Dresden . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 25 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Carola Neumann: From the Schaubude to the Crystal Palace . Cinema architecture in Dresden . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 25 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 183 and 187., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Neumann: From the Schaubude to the Crystal Palace . Cinema architecture in Dresden . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 25 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Heinz Fiedler: From the cinema to the modern cinema . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch, Volume 1 . Dresden 1995. p. 152., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Carola Neumann: From the Schaubude to the Crystal Palace . Cinema architecture in Dresden . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 28 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Heinz Fiedler: From the cinema to the modern cinema . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch, Volume 1 . Dresden 1995. p. 152., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Heinz Fiedler: From the cinema to the modern cinema . In: Stadtmuseum Dresden (ed.): Dresdner Geschichtsbuch, Volume 1 . Dresden 1995. p. 158., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ^ Karl Knietzsch: Cinema in the post-war years . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 34 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ^ Frank Apel: Dresden cinema culture in the seventies and eighties . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 55 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Schamoni Film (accessed August 4, 2020)
- ^ Frank Apel: Dresden cinema culture in the seventies and eighties . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 57 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Karsten Fritz: Kino heute In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, S. 89 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ^ Frank Apel: Dresden cinema culture in the seventies and eighties . In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, p. 55 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Karsten Fritz: Kino heute In: Dresdner Hefte , Heft 82, 2005, Ed. Dresdner Geschichtsverein, S. 89 ff., ISBN 3-910055-76-1 .
- ↑ Cinema results 2018 - Cities in Germany with over 200,000 inhabitants Website of the FFA Filmförderungsanstalt Berlin. Accessed February 16, 2020
- ^ "Dresden in numbers. Statistical Yearbook of the City of Dresden 1936 ”, published by the Statistical Office of the State Capital Dresden, 35th year, Dresden 12/1937, p. 31.
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 194., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 188., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 188., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 183., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 193., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 187., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 193., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 195., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 182., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 193., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 182., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 198., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 194., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 197., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 192., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 192., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 191., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 197., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 195., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 187., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 194., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 198., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 196., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 191., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 196., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 189., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 190., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 184., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 194., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 183., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 196., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 191., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 198., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 186., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 195., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 196., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 196., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 197., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 196., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 194., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 195., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 197., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 198., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 195., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 192., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 198., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 198., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 200., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ The old Dresden in pictures house by house Website by Jörg Brune. Retrieved February 12, 2020
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 199., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 201., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .
- ↑ Carola Zeh: Lichtspieltheater in Sachsen - development, documentation and analysis of the current situation . Hamburg 2007, page 201., ISBN 978-3-8300-3166-6 .