Rosenthal Abbey (Palatinate)
| Rosenthal Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Rosenthal Abbey |
|
| location |
 Germany Rhineland-Palatinate |
| Lies in the diocese | formerly Worms ; today Speyer |
| Coordinates: | 49 ° 33 '37 " N , 8 ° 0' 44" E |
| Patronage | BMV |
| founding year | 1241 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1572 |
| Year of repopulation | 1646 |
| Year of re-dissolution | 1651 |
Kloster Rosenthal (also Monastery of St. Maria in Rosenthal , today Rose Thalerhof or Kerzenheim , district Rosenthal ) was one of the Mother of God dedicated Cistercian abbey . It is located in the Rodenbachtal in the northern Palatinate and is today a very idyllic ruined monastery with a pond and restaurant, around which a small town has formed that belongs to Kerzenheim in the Donnersbergkreis .
Founding and founding family
The monastery was founded in 1241 by Count Eberhard IV von Eberstein (formerly Eberhard II), lord of the castle of Stauf , and his wife Adelheid von Sayn . Eberhard von Eberstein was the brother of the Speyer bishop Konrad von Eberstein and a cousin of St. Hedwig . He was descended from the Andechs on his mother's side and was related by marriage to the Leiningers and the Raugrafen through his two sisters . His nephew Raugraf Eberhard I , Bishop of Worms , consecrated the early Gothic church of the Rosenthal monastery founded by his uncle on May 22, 1261. In October of that year, the bishop's brother Raugraf Heinrich I († 1261) was buried there ; the grave slab is preserved in the church ruins. According to the Regensburger Chronicle of Carl Theodor Common , he was the knight with Duchess Maria of Brabant held an exchange of letters, which is why these out of unfounded jealousy, 1256 on the orders of her husband Ludwig the Severe of Bavaria was beheaded.
History of the monastery
Many daughters of the landed gentry entered the monastery. In 1496 there were 70 members, including 31 choir sisters, 14 lay sisters and 24 servants. The nuns brought the marriage property to which they were entitled to the monastery community and other gifts were also made to them. As a result, the convent had not inconsiderable property in the near and far, especially in Asselheim , Bechtolsheim , Breunigweiler , Göllheim , Guntheim , Hillesheim , Kerzenheim , Lautersheim and in Sippersfeld .
In the battle of Göllheim on July 2, 1298, King Adolf von Nassau fell and was buried here. He was the great-nephew of the founder of the monastery and was buried in Rosenthal for eleven years, as his surviving opponent Albrecht of Austria refused to allow him to be buried in the Speyer Cathedral . Only after his death could he be transferred to the cathedral in 1309. According to tradition, his wife Imagina von Isenburg-Limburg prayed in the Rosenthal monastery church while the battle was raging not far from there. She later had the early Gothic King's Cross erected at the place of death of her husband and saw it be transferred to Speyer.
In the Mainz collegiate feud (1461/62), the convent under the abbess Anna von Lustadt († 1485) was affected. Late 15th century left its successor after next Margaretha von Venningen († 1505), the monastery church in the style of late gothic rebuilt, whereby the striking Fialturm emerged.
In the Palatinate Peasants' War , during the term of office of Abbess Barbara Göler von Ravensburg († 1535), the monastery was plundered and devastated in 1525, but it could be continued; until finally in 1572 the 14th abbess, Elisabeth von Geispitzheim, ceded all rights to the then sovereign Count Philip IV of Nassau-Saarbrücken in the course of the Reformation .
He had already forbidden the admission of new sisters and urged the convention to be closed. He dissolved the monastery, took over the property and appointed a secular conductor to manage and run the property. In the period that followed, the monastery slopes served the changing lines of the ruling house of Nassau as a source of income.
At the end of the Thirty Years War , Emperor Ferdinand III. the Cistercian order regained its rights. Under the Abbess of Königsbruck, Rosenthal was settled again by nuns in the spring of 1646 and the complex was renovated. With reference to the agreements made in the Peace of Westphalia , the Counts of Nassau expelled the sisters again from the monastery in February 1651. It remained dissolved and was administered as a state domain. In 1794 the French confiscated the property and auctioned it off in parts. Mennonites settled there , continued to manage the former monastery properties and lived in the monastery buildings, which they shared among the families. The church served them as a quarry and the choir area began to be torn down.
The Bavarian state put a stop to the work of destruction by the district administrator of the Kirchheim district office buying up the church ruins in 1851 for the benefit of the Palatinate Historical Association and the Bavarian district government in Speyer. In 1863 it became the property of the former Rosenthaler Verein and today the Historische Verein Rosenthal und Umgebung eV looks after the impressive complex.
Current condition
A small museum has been set up on the site. From the roofless, single-nave church ruins, most of the nave and the westwork with a late Gothic bell tower, which now even has a bell again , still stand . This bell tower, visible from afar, has become a symbol of Rosenthal alongside the Eberstein coat of arms rose by the monastery founder Eberhard von Eberstein. The church silhouette with the distinctive turret and the Ebersteiner rose have also been incorporated into the local coat of arms of Kerzenheim , to which Rosenthal is now part of the community. The monastery buildings, some of which were used for agricultural purposes until 1990, still contain some architectural gems. Part of it now houses a restaurant with a rustic ambience. It was not until 1999 that the very well-preserved tombstone of Abbess Ursula von Venningen was discovered and excavated on the site . The ruins of the monastery church are the private property of an association that only grants access on Sundays and public holidays and from April to October by appointment.
What Cathedral Chapter Franz Xaver Remling wrote back in 1836 still applies to the complex :
"Regardless of this, the Rosenthal monastery ruins are still the most beautiful and well-preserved in the whole district and so worth visiting by any friend of antiquity."
.
gallery
Rosenthal, Gothic turret of the monastery church
Church inside, north wall with gravestones
South wall of the church with tracery windows
Grave slab of Abbess Barbara von Heppenheim called from the hall († 1567)
Grave slab of Raugraf Heinrich I († 1261), nephew of the monastery founder
Niche grave in the church ruins
Memorial plaque in the church ruins, 1866
Late Gothic vault capstone (Spolie) with the coat of arms of Nassau-Saarbrücken
Convent building west of the church
Gothic gate on the convent building
Convent building, detail with keel arched windows
Keel arch window on the convent building
Utility wing with Gothic windows and doors
Economic wing, detail
medieval pavement on the utility wing
legend
On the country road from Grünstadt to Göllheim, you come to a narrow valley near Candleheim on a narrow forest path, in which the gray, Gothic tower of the former Rosenthal monastery protrudes mournfully out of the shade of the trees for about three quarters of an hour into the forest. Eberhard II, Count von Eberstein and his wife Adelinde were the founders of the same. The name is said to have been borrowed from the coat of arms of the Counts of Eberstein, who led a rose in a white field. On the other hand, the nuns at Rosenthal kept the legend that when they were busy building the monastery in the middle of winter, blooming roses were found in the bushes and that is why the name was given to the monastery.
It was in 1298 when the unfortunate Emperor Adolph von Nassau died in the field near Göllheim and was then buried in the Rosenthal monastery. The winner Albrecht of Austria, who founded the rise of the House of Habsburg, refused Adolf von Nassau to be buried in Speyer, so that he was buried in the monastery for eleven years. Only after Albrecht was dead did Emperor Heinrich VII approve both of them to be buried in the Imperial Cathedral of Speyer in 1309. When the Palatinate was ravaged under Ludwig XIV during the Palatinate War of Succession in 1689 , the Soldateska broke up the sarcophagi and bowled the skulls and bones of all those buried there .
literature
- Rosenthal. In: Franz Xaver Remling : Documented history of the former abbeys and monasteries in what is now Rhine Bavaria. Christmann'sche Buchhandlung, Neustadt ad Haardt 1836, p. 275ff. (Reprint: Richter, Pirmasens 1973, ISBN 3-920784-11-1 )
- Karl-Heinrich Conrad: Monastery Rosenthal. Artcolor-Verlag, Hamm 1997, ISBN 3-89261-323-0 .
- Pia Heberer: Worth visiting by every friend of antiquity. In: Donnersberg-Jahrbuch 2000. Kirchheimbolanden, ISBN 3-926306-24-6 , pp. 138-145.
Web links
Single receipts
- ^ Adolph Köllner: Geschichte der Herrschaft Kirchheim-Boland and Stauf , Wiesbaden, 1854, p. 89; (Digital scan)
- ↑ Schöppner: Sagenbuch der Bayerischen Lande. P. 352–353 [1] after: FX Remling: History of the abbeys and monasteries in Rhine Bavaria. Part I. 1836, p. 276.
- ^ Conrad: St.Maria in Rosenthal. In: North Palatinate History Association / contributions to local history. Special print, p. 5.