St. Gertrud Monastery (Cologne)

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St. Gertrud was a Dominican convent with a church on the northwest corner of Neumarkt in Cologne. It was founded before 1257 and abolished in 1802 in the course of secularization .

Detail of the Cologne cityscape from 1570 with the Neumarkt

history

A certificate from Cologne Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden (1238–1261) from August 1257 reports on the relocation of Rekluse Helwigis and her co-sisters from the hermitage at the Teutonic Order Church of St. Katharina in Severinstrasse to St. Gertrud am Neumarkt. The “pious women” (see beguines ) probably settled near an old chapel of an archbishop's court.

Privileged on 1. August 1265 by Pope Clement IV. (1265-1268), the women's community was the Dominicans connected ( incorporation 1286 / 1287 ), the year 1273 is the community as monasterium s. Gertrudis sororum ordinis Predicatorum in Colonia . During this time, the monastery complex was expanded and expanded; the church, which still existed in 1802, dates from the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries . Chapels and altars were dedicated to John the Evangelist, St. Augustine and the Virgin Mary , and there were relics of St. Gertrude . The main altar was consecrated in 1279 by the Archbishop of Cologne Siegfried von Westerburg (1275–1297).

The monastery was supported by indulgences and foundations , noble Cologne families got involved, noble Cologne women, e.g. B. from the sex of the Overstolz , are attested as monastery directors, as prioresses . Newly entering sisters had to donate a dowry to the monastery for their maintenance, accordingly women from the Cologne patriciate and from wealthy Cologne merchant families (late Middle Ages) or from families of lay judges and officials (early modern times) were represented in St. Gertrud.

The economic equipment of the monastery included property in Cologne, Widdersdorf, Pulheim, Brauweiler and Dansweiler (around 1360 ) and in Dansweiler, Deckstein, Junkersdorf, Lind and Widdersdorf ( 1787 ). The property was administered by the prioress, property was negotiated in a committee of prioress, subprioress and older sisters with the consent of the order provincial .

The Gertrud Monastery of the late 13th and 14th centuries was probably also important in connection with German mysticism . A collection of sermons and a. of Albertus Magnus († 1280) is said to be associated with the monastery.

It was in keeping with the ups and downs in every spiritual community that the women's community in the 15th century was seen as in need of reform . In 1466 the reform of the monastery was introduced with the support of the Cologne council and the archbishop, but against resistance from some sisters (removal of the prioress, the subprioress, the conductress and the waitress; addition of new sisters from outside).

The Gertrudkloster remained untouched by the Reformation , in 1728 the Cologne Vicar General complained about the poor economic conditions of the women's community. The prioress Anna Herrestorf (1769–1778, 1785–1798) was able to have a new church choir performed from her own resources. In the last two decades of the 18th century , the Archbishop of Cologne claimed jurisdiction and the right to visit St. Gertrud.

On September 14, 1802 , as a result of the abolition of the monastery, the last eleven sisters left church and monastery. The relics were handed over to St. Apostles and the building was auctioned on July 11, 1808 to a WH Simons (address Neumarkt 20), who had the buildings torn down and converted into building sites.

Prioresses

  • Helwigis (1257, 1263)
  • Lisa of Ulrepforte (1316)
  • Elisabeth (1316)
  • Alstradi's small thought (1320, 1322)
  • Strala (1324)
  • Beatrix (1327)
  • Alstradis (1328)
  • Lisa (1330, 1338)
  • Hadwig Overstolz (1340, 1345)
  • Caecilia Overstolz (1348, 1351)
  • Hadwig Overstolz (1356, 1357)
  • Christina Overstolz (1359, 1360)
  • Bela of Utrecht (1362, 1377)
  • Christina Overstolz (1377, 1384)
  • Bela of Utrecht (1386, 1389)
  • Caecilia von Breitmar (1392, 1396)
  • Irmgard of Lyskirchen (1397)
  • Bela from the cousin (1403, 1410)
  • Caecilia of Breitmar (1413, 1414)
  • Bela from the cousin (1414)
  • Caecilia of Breitmar (1418)
  • Fritze Roelen (1419, 1431)
  • Fritze von der Nuwen Herberghen (1436)
  • Margreta Vous of Lechenich (1442)
  • Sophia boys (1442, 1445)
  • Sophia Scherf (1450)
  • Sophia boys (1453, 1455)
  • Sophia Frydag (1456, 1460)
  • Neesgin of Aiche (1462, 1465)
  • Barbara (1469, 1476)
  • Magdalena Franckengruner (1481, 1488)
  • Elisabeth von Erkelenz (1495, 1497)
  • Druytgen Selbach (1501)
  • Jutta von Ossenberg (1506, 1507)
  • Luckart von Haren (1516, 1529)
  • Beatrix Haeß (1548, 1562)
  • Eva of Weverden (1566, 1585)
  • Anna von Jüdden (1603, 1614)
  • Margarethe Burg (1618, 1619)
  • Johanna von Schiederich (1625, 1636)
  • Adelheid Filler (1638, 1640)
  • Richmodis of Lyskirchen (1642)
  • Christine von Boland (1645, 1657)
  • Gertrud von Lyskirchen (1658, 1666)
  • Christine von Boland (after 1666)
  • Adelheid Fridt (after 1666)
  • Gertrud Elisabeth Helmans (1674, 1682)
  • Anna Fabens (1682, 1686)
  • Gertrud Elisabeth Helmans (1688, 1697)
  • Agnes Theresia von Lyskirchen (1698, 1707)
  • Elisabeth Constanza von Boland (1709, 1710)
  • Katharina Gertrud Gumpertz (1713, 1716)
  • Dominica von Ritz (1720, 1735)
  • Anna Cornelia Mantels (1739, 1746)
  • Johanna Gertrud Hertmanni (1749, 1751)
  • Brigitte Emans (1754, 1759)
  • Anna Josepha Körffers (1764, 1769)
  • Anna Herrestorf (1769, 1778)
  • Rosa Gessers (1779, 1784)
  • Anna Herrestorf (1785, 1798)
  • Margaretha Drieschen (1798)
  • Gertrud Leven (1798–1802)

literature

  • Gabriel M. Löhr: The necrologium of the Dominican convent St. Gertrud in Cologne. In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine. 110, 1927, ISSN  0341-289X , pp. 60-179.
  • Jutta Prieur: The Dominican convent of St. Gertrud in Cologne on Neumarkt. DME-Verlag, Cologne 1983, ISBN 3-922977-07-3 ( Cologne writings on history and culture 3), (At the same time: Cologne, Univ., Diss., 1983).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Dominican Sisters S. Gertrud (Neumarkt) . In: Paul Clemen (ed.): The former churches, monasteries, hospitals and school buildings of the city of Cologne (=  The art monuments of the city of Cologne . Supplementary volume). L. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1937, p. 271 .
  2. ^ Friedrich Lau in: The Cologne patriciate up to 1325, panels I to III in: Mitteilungen aus dem Stadtarchiv XXV. 1894

abbreviation

  • AHVN = Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine

Coordinates: 50 ° 56 ′ 11.6 "  N , 6 ° 56 ′ 47.2"  E