Kolibki
Kolibki ( German Koliebken earlier Koliebke , Kaschub .: Kòlibczi ) is now a neighborhood of Orłowo ( Eagle's Nest ) from Gdynia ( Gdynia ) in the Polish province of Pomerania .
Geographical location
Kolibki is the southernmost part of Gdynia and lies directly on the Gdansk Bay and the Kacza ( Katzer Fließ ). In the south, which forms Swelina ( border flow , including: Grenzbach or Menzel Bach ) Kolibkis and Gdynia's border with the neighboring town of Sopot ( Sopot ). In the west lies Mały Kack ( Vorwerk Klein-Katz ), in the north Orłowo, in the east the sea. The seashore here is steep.
history
Koliebken has belonged to the Cistercian Abbey in Oliva (pl. Oliwa) since the early 14th century, i.e. at the time it belonged to the Teutonic Order State of Prussia . The oldest document that Colypka (Koliebken) mentioned, is a description of the boundaries of the lands of the Zisterze Oliva of 1323/1324. Later Koliebken came to feudal landlords as a manor. On January 9, 1383, the Prussian Order of Danzig Commander Giesebrecht von Doldesheim awarded the district judge Peter von der Katzen the three villages Colipko (Koliebken), Groß Katz (pl. Wielki Kack, Kasch. Wiôldżi Kack) and Klein Katz (pl. Mały Kack, kasch . Małë Kack). From 1466 Koliebken was part of Prussia's royal share . “The place was feared because of the wooded location and raids by travelers took place here a few times.” In 1589 the estate came to the Ostromęcki.
In 1614 a large brick factory was built, two more followed later. The Ostromęcki were followed by the Danzig patricians Heyne and Czirenberg / Zierenberg . In 1655, Matthäus von Liebmann was the administrator at Koliebken. Then the von Weiher family bought the estate. The Radziwiłł , whose daughter Katarzyna Radziwiłł Queen Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien was friends with, followed as landlords . King John III Sobieski was a guest of the Radziwiłłs in Koliebken in 1677/1678.
In 1685 King John III acquired and Queen Marie Koliebken. After Johann III. Tod (1696) used the queen widow, often called Marysieńka (Eng .: Mariechen), Koliebken as her residence until autumn 1698. She had a park laid out that still exists today. The queen widow later returned to France. Her son Jakob Louis Heinrich sold Koliebken in 1716, and in 1720 also Weihersfrei and Rutzau (pl. Rzucewo, Kasch. Rzucéwò) to Count Peter Georg Prebendow (Piotr Jerzy Przebendowski, 1674–1755), voivode of Livonia . His nephew, General Józef Przebendowski, had the Catholic St. Joseph Church built in Koliebken in 1763, "as a stop for the Neustadt pilgrimage companies ... which in 1794 was elevated to a branch of Quashin ."
Koliebken has belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia since 1772 and, according to the contribution register from 1773, had 14 culmic hooves and 52 inhabitants. In 1785 Koliebke is referred to as a noble farm and village on the Baltic Sea with a paper and grinding mill, three jugs and 61 fireplaces (households).
Count Johann Nepomuk Prebendow sold Koliebken in 1793 to Lieutenant General Wilhelm Magnus von Brünneck , who in 1803 sold it again to Daniel Gotthilf von Frantzius . Alexander Maaß bought it in the foreclosure auction in 1822, who had today's manor house built. Around 1835 there were two iron hammers , a water mill and a paper mill in Koliebken . The place has been visited diligently because the sea is right at your feet from a grotto on the steep bank.
In 1840 the fisherman Johann Adler founded an inn called Adlershorst ( Adlerówka in Polish ) in Hochredlau north of Koliebken at Katzer Fließ (Kacza ), where he also started a bathing business.
“The name Adlershorst, added as an establishment by strangers, was adopted as the official name in 1857.” In 1861, the Jägerhof brickworks, the Quarzau (pl. Chwarzno; Kasch. Chwôrzno) and Wilhelmswalde, two mills and three iron hammers and measured belonged to Koliebken 57 hooves and counted 416 inhabitants. In 1862 Hermann von Bethe bought Koliebken, who separated the Pertinens Quarzau and sold it on. Bethe was followed by Chamberlain Wilhelm von Zitzewitz . In July 1919 Walter von Schütze sold Koliebken to the last owner, Witold Kukowski (1882–1939).
From 1818 to 1920, the Gutsbezirk Koliebken to belong district Neustadt in the administrative district of Gdansk of the German Reich .
After the First World War , Germany had to cede Koliebken to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty unilaterally laid down by the Western Allies in 1919 for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor , with effect from January 10, 1920 and without a referendum. A smaller area of Koliebken, only 3.34 hectares in size, did not come to Poland when the border was drawn and has belonged to Sopot since May 6, 1922. Koliebken continued to belong to the district with its seat in Wejherowo (Neustadt) , now called Powiat Wejherowski , but in 1927 it came to the new Powiat Morski (Seekreis), both Pomeranian Voivodeship . Koliebken was now directly on the border with the state territory of the Free City of Danzig . Kukowski hosted General Józef Haller during his visit to the city in 1920. Kukowski parceled out and sold large parts of the estate for settlement purposes. In the mid-1920s, he had a central arbor built on the front . As a result of the municipal reform in 1934, Koliebken and the Vorwerk Klein-Katz were incorporated into Orłowo Morskie (for example: Adlers Ort an der See, derived from Orzeł, the Polish translation for eagle), which had emerged in 1931 from the Adlershorst (Adlerówka) location. In 1935 Orłowo Morskie was incorporated into Gdynia itself.
With the attack on Poland in 1939, during which the SS Heimwehr Danzig entered Koliebken as the first combat force on September 1, 1939, the territory became part of the Reich in violation of international law . When Koliebken was repossessed, there were fights with soldiers of the Polish Second Marine Rifle Regiment (2 Morski Pułk Strzelców), and the Catholic St. Joseph's Church was destroyed. Immediately after Gdingen was captured, Witold Kukowski, at that time also an Estonian honorary consul, was abducted as part of the so-called intelligence campaign and shot together with others in the Piaśnica massacre . The Neustadt district was incorporated into the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which Koliebken belonged until 1945.
Towards the end of the Second World War , on the evening of March 19, 1945, an eviction order was given for the neighboring Sopot. The Soviet attack that followed on March 20 made rapid progress. On the morning of March 22nd, the Red Army reached Danzig Bay south of Koliebken and occupied Koliebken itself on the same day. Where German citizens had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold .
After the end of the war, a horticultural business with greenhouses and a boiler house was built in parts of the estate, which have since been removed. When aleja Zwycięstwa (Siegesallee, part of Droga krajowa 6 ) was expanded into a multi-lane motorized road, the cemetery around the former St. Joseph's Church was separated from the manor complex, as it is now on the median between the old route and the new road.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 52 | |
| 1861 | 416 | |
| 1871 | 438 | 330 in the manor and 108 in the manor Quarzau |
Parish until 1945
The Evangelicals of the Koliebken manor district belonged to the parish of Klein Katz, the Catholics to the parish of Groß Katz, and in the 19th century to the parish of Kölln.
Townscape
Koliebken Manor and Marysieńki Park
The estate is well preserved and has been a listed building since 1982. Farm buildings from the 19th century are now used as a riding stables . The facilities that once belonged to the estate, such as brickworks, mills, forge hammers and paper mills, no longer exist.
The manor garden once designed by Queen Dowager Marie (Marysieńka) is now called Park Marysieńki (Park Mariechens). It is characterized by its old trees. The more than 400-year-old oak Dąb Marysieńki and an ash with a diameter of 173 cm are known. In the park there is the ruin of the Grota Marysieńki (Grotto of Love) with a viewpoint at 40 m above sea level. "The popular Koliebker Grotto is said to have been the site of the mayor of Gdańsk , Czirenberg, who was famous for his fine artistry in 1635." The park extends as far as the Gdańsk Bay, where the beach promenade that leads to Sopot is now called Witold Kukowski.
Josefskirche
Today only traces of the destroyed St. Joseph's Church (Kościół pw. Św. Józefa) and the surrounding cemetery can be found on the wooded median of aleja Zwycięstwa (Victory Avenue). Between the trees that now grow on their former location, low walls indicate the outlines of the former church. The damage during the attack on Poland was followed by the demolition of the ruins until the beginning of 1940. The Gothic painting “Our Lady of the Sands” from the early sixteenth century, probably a gift from Queen Mariechen, came to the church in Witomino, where it was destroyed in 1945 .
The Josefskirche was not rebuilt. In 1945, in agreement with the Bishop of Pelplin, the Catholic community took over the Evangelical Church of Klein-Katz (today Church of Our Lady of the Seven Sorrows ) in the Vorwerk Klein-Katz, which was built by George Rosenberg in 1568–1572 and rebuilt in the second half of the eighteenth century. Katz after she had lost her community through flight and displacement.
Fallen memorial Koliebken
In the Aleja Zwycięstwa (Siegesallee) since September 19, 1981 a memorial has been commemorating the defenders of the Polish Second Marine Rifle Regiment, who fell in Koliebken in September 1939 when the SS Heimwehr Gdansk attacked. The memorial stands on a terrace with a panoramic view of Gdańsk Bay.
Motocross track and former anti-aircraft battery
On the western side of the road on the wooded moraine hill there is a motocross track and the remains of a German anti-aircraft battery.
See also
literature
- Hans Prutz: History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, p. 195 .
Web links
- Fritz Schulz: Koliebken (Neustadt district, West Prussia)
Individual evidence
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p .
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 11.
- ↑ Śladem Królowej Marysieńki - plan wycieczki ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on: Polskie Szlaki , accessed October 5, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Fritz Schulz, "Koliebken (Neustadt / West Prussia district)" ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , to: Welcome: The following pages deal with the northern border area between the former Prussian provinces of Pomerania and West Prussia , accessed on October 6, 2011.
- ↑ Historia Gdyni. , Section 1, accessed September 27, 2011.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a .: Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum [uniform title: 'Gdynia: vademecum turysty'; Ger.], Jerzy Dąbrowski (ex.), Gdynia Turystyczna, Gdingen 2009, ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 , p. 41.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h "Historia Kolibek" ( Memento of the original from September 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on: Ogród 2011 , accessed October 5, 2011.
- ↑ Fritz Schulz, "Koliebken (Neustadt / Westpreußen district)" ( Memento of the original from May 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , auf: Welcome: On the following pages the northern border area between the former Prussian provinces of Pomerania and West Prussia is dealt with in more detail , accessed on October 6, 2011. Not original omission.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I, Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, Complete Topography of the West Prussian Cammer Department , p. 97.
- ^ A b August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 411 .
- ↑ Wojciech Antoszkiewicz, Mariusz Jablonski, Bogdan Kwiatkowski u. a., Gdynia: Tourist Vademecum , Gdynia: Gdynia Turystyczna, 2009, p. 39. ISBN 978-83-929211-0-3 .
- ↑ Fritz Schulz, "Hochredlau (Neustadt / Westpreußen district)" ( memento of the original from May 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , to: Welcome: The following pages deal with the northern border area between the former Prussian provinces of Pomerania and West Prussia , accessed on October 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Architecture" ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , on: Gdynia moje miasto ( Memento of the original from September 12, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed October 5, 2011.
- ^ "Stadtkreis Soppot" , on: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas: 1874–1945 , accessed on October 7, 2011.
- ↑ a b c “Battle of Danzig” , on: 389th Infantry Division , accessed on October 6, 2011.
- ^ A b c d Hans Prutz: History of the Neustadt district in West Prussia . Danzig 1872, pp. 222-223 .
- ↑ Mayor of Danzig 1578–1592 and royal Polish burgrave for Danzig.
- ↑ Mirosław Gawron, "Ogniwa z Dziejów Prezbiterium Poewangelickiej Świątyni w Gdyni Orłowie" ( Memento of the original from September 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , from: Parafia Matki Boskiej Bolesnej w Gdyni Orłowie , parish website, accessed on October 5, 2011.
- ^ "Kolibki" , on: Fortyfikacje Pomorza Gdańskiego , accessed on October 5, 2011.
Coordinates: 54 ° 28 ' N , 18 ° 33' E