Wedel thermal power station

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Wedel thermal power station, 2008

The Wedel thermal power station is a thermal power station (HKW) in Wedel , Schleswig-Holstein , which is located directly on the Lower Elbe and the state border with Hamburg . The coal -fired power plant , which is fired with hard coal , has two blocks and two gas turbines for supplying peak loads. The two 151 meter high chimneys are characteristic of the system . The chimney on the Elbe side, as well as two of the former four blocks, have been shut down. Since September 2, 2019, the HKW has belonged to Wärme Hamburg GmbH, which is 100% owned by the City of Hamburg.

history

The Wedel power plant was built between 1961 and 1965 by what was then Hamburgische Electricitäts-Werke AG (HEW). At the same time, the Schulau power plant located on the same site was decommissioned. The building was planned by the architects Bernhard Hermkes and Gerhart Becker . Initially, the technical system consisted of four blocks with a total output of 600 MW el .

Until 1987, the power plant only contributed to Hamburg's electricity supply. In order to be able to use the power plant for heat generation, two blocks were converted for combined heat and power in 1988/89 . At the same time, a flue gas desulphurisation and denitrification system was built. From 1990 to 1993 the heating and power plant was brought up to the state of the art in a general overhaul in order to extend the service life by 25 to 30 years. Another upgrade took place in 2016.

Technical specifications

According to Vattenfall, the Wedel thermal power station has the following data:

  • Electrical output: 250 MW el
  • Heat output: 423 MW th
  • Average annual electricity generation: 1200 GWh
  • Average annual heat generation: 1200 GWh
  • Main fuel: hard coal
  • Condensation flow / combined heat and power: Combined heat and power (CHP)

The power plant consists of two blocks that can be operated separately in order to adapt production to the changing electricity and heat demand. It also has two gas turbines for peak load production.

Vattenfall's total annual electricity generation is 163,900 GWh. The share of coal power is 95,002 GWh. Wedel supplies around 240,000 households with electricity. The power plant has its own port for ships with the required draft for landing the coal .

Emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases

Emissions in normal operation

Power plant Critics on Wedel power plant as in other coal power plants, the high emissions of nitrogen oxides , sulfur oxides , mercury and particulate matter , to the cancer -generating substances ( lead , cadmium , nickel , PAK , dioxins and furans ) can adhere. In view of climate change, CO 2 emissions continue to be criticized.

The Wedel power plant reported the following emissions in the European pollutant register " PRTR ":

Emissions from the Wedel power plant
Air pollutant 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) 1,320,000,000 kg 1,380,000,000 kg 1,430,000,000 kg 1,480,000,000 kg 1,150,000,000 kg 1,370,000,000 kg 1,280,000,000 kg 1,330,000,000 kg
Sulfur dioxide (as SO x / SO 2 ) 480,000 kg 409,000 kg 474,000 kg 539,000 kg 331,000 kg 543,000 kg 599,000 kg not specified
Nitrogen oxides ( NO x / NO 2 ) 759,000 kg 739,000 kg 778,000 kg 859,000 kg 656,000 kg 862,000 kg 783,000 kg not specified
Particulate matter ( PM10 ) not specified not specified not specified not specified not specified 63,900 kg not specified not specified
Nitrous oxide ( N 2 O ) 19,500 kg 20,500 kg 21,100 kg 21,600 kg 16,800 kg 20,600 kg 18,700 kg not specified
Arsenic and Compounds (as As ) not specified not specified not specified not specified not specified 29.4 kg 27.5 kg 28.7 kg
Nickel and compounds (as Ni ) not specified not specified not specified not specified not specified 50.4 kg not specified not specified
Mercury and compounds (as Hg ) not specified 17.7 kg 43.3 kg 19.9 kg 14.6 kg 83 kg 62.3 kg 27.5 kg

Other typical pollutant emissions were not reported, or not reported every year, since they are only required to be reported in the PRTR from an annual minimum amount, e.g. B. Dioxins and furans from 0.0001 kg, cadmium and mercury from 10 kg, arsenic from 20 kg, nickel from 50 kg, chromium and copper from 100 kg, lead and zinc from 200 kg, ammonia and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) from 10,000 kg, fine dust (PM10) from 50,000 kg, volatile organic compounds except methane (NMVOC) and nitrogen oxides from 100,000 kg, sulfur oxides from 150,000 kg and carbon monoxide from 500,000 kg.

Particle ejection

Since 2015, residents of the power plant in Wedel have observed particle precipitation on numerous days in an easterly wind , the cause of which is still being investigated by the operator Vattenfall.

It is possible that particles form on the components of a heat exchanger when the temperature drops below the dew point (before the exhaust gas enters the flue gas scrubber), which are detached from the components during the transfer of heat into the clean gas and carried into the chimney. A second cause is suspected to be the inadequate separation of aerosols in the droplet separator of the exhaust gas washer. The moist particles and aerosols probably stick to the rough inner wall of the clinker chimney, where larger particles form from them, which are carried out with the exhaust gas flow when the exhaust gas velocity increases (e.g. when the load changes or when restarting after a standstill).

The scanning electron microscope analysis of the chimney buildup has shown that the particles on the inside wall of the chimney match the precipitation in the residential areas and consist of incineration ash and gypsum from the flue gas desulphurisation . The chemical analysis of the particles showed high levels of arsenic (50 mg / kg) and nickel (1,010 mg / kg), approx. 50% of which are soluble in water and form a strong acid with water ( pH  1.5). The particles behave as aggressively as cement and are difficult to remove from car paint and conservatory glass. The responsible authority ( LLUR ) published a toxicological report in September 2016 that sees no relevant risk for adverse effects on human health from the particle emissions. An expert opinion prepared in November 2016 on behalf of the Wedel / Rissen citizens' initiative estimates the risk to be higher and recommends carrying out measurements and analyzes of the dust in the vicinity of the power plant for comparison with the legal limit values ​​of the TA Luft . Another report commissioned by the citizens' initiative emphasizes in February 2017 that the permissible arsenic and nickel concentration limits in the exhaust gas must be complied with at all times and recommends corresponding measurements in the power plant. In November 2016, the operator set up test plates in Wedel to document the occurrence and frequency of particle deposits. The closest stations for measuring heavy metals in particulate matter are currently 20 kilometers east at the Hamburg stations Veddel and Wilhelmsburg and 50 kilometers northwest in Brunsbüttel (Schleswig-Holstein). The closest measurements of heavy metals in dust precipitation are made 20 kilometers north at the Altendeich station (municipality of Moorrege , Schleswig-Holstein).

As a measure against particle emissions, Vattenfall has been spraying lime into the exhaust gas flow in front of the flue gas scrubber since mid-January 2017 in order to prevent acidic particles from precipitating on the heat exchanger; however, at the end of January 2017 there was further particle precipitation. As a further measure, the LLUR has instructed Vattenfall to try to install an aerosol separator in the exhaust gas scrubber of one of the two blocks in addition to the droplet separator as soon as the weather permits a power plant block to be shut down. Furthermore, during the shutdown of the power plant in May 2017, the experience with the attachment of a Teflon film, which was attached on a trial basis to a section of the inner wall of the chimney in summer 2016, is to be evaluated. Finally, by July 2017, Vattenfall is to line the upper half of the chimney with Teflon film in order to prevent particles from adhering and agglomerating to the inner wall of the chimney when the flue gas cools down.

Planned combined cycle power plant

Relationship to the coal-fired power station Moorburg

The district heat supply of the power plant Wedel should by the new loud Vattenfall coal power plant Moorburg be taken over, which has started its operations in 2015. The dimensions of the two power plants differ significantly: the coal-fired power plant Moorburg is considerably larger and can deliver up to 1600 MW electrical and up to 650 MW thermal output (district heating). For this reason, the Moorburg power plant should also bring thermal output through a new district heating route (the so-called Moorburg route) under the Elbe to Altona. The approval procedure required for this was declared invalid by the Hamburg Higher Administrative Court following a lawsuit by BUND Hamburg and a citizens' initiative. The simplified planning approval process therefore had to be replaced by a plan approval process with public participation and an environmental impact assessment . In the course of the takeover of 25.1% of the Hamburg energy networks by the city of Hamburg, Vattenfall decided not to build the Moorburg route.

As a result, Vattenfall, together with the city of Hamburg, planned an alternative gas and steam combined cycle power plant to provide the necessary district heating. For this purpose, both a location in Hamburg-Stellingen and the Wedel location in Schleswig-Holstein were examined. The city of Hamburg and Vattenfall carried out a joint cost comparison for the location decision. A presentation of the profitability calculation to the citizens of Hamburg and a general publication are not planned, but an expert opinion commissioned by the city of Hamburg comes to the conclusion that the Wedel location leads to cost savings of at least 100 million euros compared to the Hamburg-Stellingen location due to existing connections and lines.

CO 2 emissions

An expert opinion commissioned by the city of Hamburg at the end of 2011 comes to the following conclusions in this context:

  • The planned gas and steam combined cycle power plant is the best possible alternative for generating district heating in Hamburg from a CO 2 perspective.
  • Compared to the existing energy production of the old Wedel power plant, the total CO 2 emissions are reduced by around 50%.
  • The planned heat storage leads to an improved integration of electricity from renewable energies into the overall system.
  • In terms of CO 2 emissions, the planned combined cycle power plant is preferable to a solution with many small CHP systems that feed into the grid.

Planning and approval

The overall planner for the construction was the Pöyry company . Until the beginning of October 2012, affected citizens had the opportunity to submit an objection. More than 1000 citizens and numerous environmental initiatives have raised objections to the planned power plant, which is to take over the district heating supply in the west of Hamburg. At the same time as this power plant, a hot water storage tank was to be built in which excess electricity from renewable energies is converted into hot water using the immersion heater principle.

The Wedel power plant, which was originally planned to be shut down in 2013, was initially extended in October 2011 to the heating period 2016/17 [out of date] in order to be able to secure the district heating supply for Hamburg until the new gas-fired heating power plant was commissioned. From 2019, new annual limit values ​​for dust (10 mg / m³) and mercury (0.01 mg / m³) will apply in Germany, which will require significant investments in upgrading the old power plant.

See also

Web links

Commons : Heizkraftwerk Wedel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Heizkraftwerk Wedel ( Memento of the original from June 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kraftwerke.vattenfall.de archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Internet information from the operator, Vattenfall GmbH, Berlin. February 12, 2017
  2. ↑ a b Modernization of the thermal power station in Wedel Press release, Vattenfall GmbH, Berlin, February 12, 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  3. ↑ a b Modernization: Vattenfall invests 84 million in Wedel cogeneration plant In: Wedel-Schulauer Tageblatt, February 12, 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  4. ↑ Fine dust sources and damage caused , Federal Environment Agency (Dessau)
  5. ^ Entry on the Wedel power plant in the Pollutant Release and Shipment Register (PRTR) for 2014, Federal Environment Agency (publisher), Dessau-Roßlau, April 1, 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  6. ↑ PRTR regulation 166/2006 (PDF) on the creation of a European pollutant release and transfer register and on the amendment of the Council Directives 91/689 / EEC and 96/61 / EC
  7. ↑ Transparency Wedel Internet information on the Wedel power plant, Vattenfall Wärme Hamburg GmbH. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
  8. ↑ emissions of gypsum particles letter to the local residents of the heating plant Wedel, Vattenfall Heat Hamburg GmbH, August 3, 2016. Retrieved on February 12 2017th
  9. ↑ Bettina Reckter: Particle rain at Ostwind VDI nachrichten , Issue 4, Düsseldorf, January 26, 2017. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  10. ↑ a b Particle ejection from HKW Wedel Letter to the residents of the Wedel thermal power station, Vattenfall Wärme Hamburg GmbH, January 19, 2017. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  11. ↑ a b HKW Wedel Rauchgasweg Vattenfall lecture, Energy Network Advisory Board , meeting on January 19, 2017. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  12. ↑ Haselbach, J .; Fruth, L .: Human toxicological assessment of particle precipitation from the Wedel thermal power station in Schleswig-Holstein, on behalf of the State Office for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas (LLUR) of the State of Schleswig-Holstein , ATC - Angewandte Tox Consult GmbH, Krefeld, September 5th 2016.
  13. ↑ C. Tebert: Statement on particle ejection by the Wedel Ökopol thermal power station - Institute for Ecology and Politics GmbH, Hamburg / Freiburg, November 22, 2016.
  14. ↑ Wedeler Kraftwerk: Residents demand pollutant measurements Hamburger Abendblatt , February 9, 2017. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  15. ↑ Particle ejection HKW Wedel Letter to the residents of the Wedel thermal power station, Vattenfall Wärme Hamburg GmbH, September 22, 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  16. ↑ Particle ejection from HKW Wedel Letter to the residents of the Wedel thermal power station, Vattenfall Wärme Hamburg GmbH, October 18, 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  17. ↑ Air quality in Schleswig-Holstein - 2015 annual overview, State Office for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas (LLUR) of the State of Schleswig-Holstein , Itzehoe, September 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  18. ↑ Ingredients in PM10 fine dust report 2014 Institute for Hygiene and Environment of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg , April 2016. Accessed on February 12, 2017.
  19. ↑ taz.de: Moorburg has to wait
  20. ↑ ndr.de: Hamburg reaches agreement with energy companies ( Memento of November 30, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  21. ↑ Power plant construction: Wedel doing well ( Memento from February 11, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ). In: Pinneberger Tageblatt , May 24, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  22. ↑ Small written question 20/5335 of September 25, 2012 ( Memento of the original of September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Parliament database of the city of Hamburg . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.buergerschaft-hh.de
  23. ↑ Plausibility and completeness check of the profitability analysis and the location comparison by Vattenfall for the planned combined cycle power plant for Hamburg ( memento of the original from January 14, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from June 11, 2012, homepage of the city of Hamburg, accessed on December 25, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hamburg.de
  24. ↑ Transparent steps towards the energy transition in Hamburg
  25. ↑ http://www.kraftwerk-wedel.de/
  26. ^ New gas power plant for Wedel ( Memento from July 28, 2012 in the Internet Archive ). In: NDR.de , July 13, 2012. Retrieved July 16, 2012.
  27. ↑ Wind power storage is to replace coal piles . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , February 9, 2012. Accessed February 9, 2012
  28. ↑ Energy concept for Hamburg (PDF file; 97 kB). Website of the city of Hamburg. Retrieved February 29, 2012.
  29. ↑ Dow Jones Energy Daily: UPDATE / Wedel coal-fired power plant stays online longer ( memento of the original from October 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; see also: Coal-fired power plant Wedel remains online longer  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.djnewsletters.de@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.djnewsletters.de  
  30. ^ Article on NDR.de from August 27, 2012, the heart of the energy transition ( Memento from September 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 53 ° 34 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 43 ′ 31 ″  E