Grief
The Krauel is a field name and a settlement on today's Stromelbe in Hamburg and formed a wedge-shaped incision in the Neuengamme district between 1314 and 1344 as an island until it was dyed . The Gose Elbe began here with three tributaries up to the dike of today's Stromelbe. The Krauel been divided by the possession forth between from 1420 both urban Hamburg and Luebeck managed and since 1868 only to Hamburg gehörendem West Krauel (about 190 ha) and the so-called Holstein East Krauel (about 170 ha). This part now forms the district of Ost-Krauel and is located in the Kirchwerder district . West-Krauel is in the Neuengamme district and in the Kirchwerder district.
history
In an undated document, which is printed in the Hamburg Document Book of 1842 under the year 1216, Albrecht II of Weimar-Orlamünde confirms that the citizens of Hamburg have been exempted from unpaid taxes and customs duties . The place name "Crowel" appears for the first time and a customs office, the Eislinger Zoll , is mentioned on the Krauel , the exact location of which is no longer known and which was moved to the Zollenspieker in the 16th century .
The feudal estate Ost-Krauel was completely surrounded by the office Bergedorf and did not belong to the area of Erich III. 1401 extinct dukes of Bergedorf, but remained with the Ratzeburg line when they were divided. Although the Vierlande were ceded to the cities of Lübeck and Hamburg with the Treaty of Perleberg of 1420 , the sovereignty of the two cities over the largest manorial property in the Vierlanden on Ost-Krauel, located in the Riepenburg bailiwick , remained controversial for a long time.
The Lauenburg dukes had probably given the Ost-Krauel as a fief to the von Berge (Berghe) family after the dykes were dyed. In 1422, Segeband von Berge had involved the two cities in a considerable dispute in which the council of Lüneburg was asked to mediate. In 1459, Cord Brekewold , Lübeck councilor and clerk on the Riepenburg, reported Frederik von Berg's intentions to sell, which failed because of the high demand of 1,000 Rhenish guilders . In 1460, Cord Brekewold wrote three complaint reports about Frederik's resistance to the construction of a stack on the Elbe. In the spring of 1462 a considerable dispute arose over a harvest of grain as a tithe on the two-city West-Krauel, the recognition of the two-city rights on the East-Krauel and his Lauenburg fiefdom.
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Around Trinity 1462, at the suggestion of Duke Bernhard II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , a high-level meeting took place in the Zollenspieker customs house. The Duke had promised the participants from Lübeck and Hamburg a safe conduct for the negotiations, but had not come himself as announced. Participants included Frederik von Berge, Lübeck Mayor Johann Westphal and Councilor Andreas Geverdes , Mayors Hinrick Lopow and Detlev Bremer for Hamburg, Mayors Albrecht von der Mölen and Hartwig Schomaker for Lüneburg and the Abbot of St. Michaelis (Lüneburg) . Lübeck and Hamburg did not recognize the duke's enfeoffment in the conversation, as he no longer had sovereign rights to the Krauel after the Perleberg Treaty of 1420. They gave Frederik von Berge 14 days to think about it, otherwise the dispute should be tried in a court of law. The dispute remained at this stage; the cities of Lübeck and Hamburg did not seem to have had any interest in a further dispute.
A copy of a feudal lapel from March 5, 1533, which was probably only recorded in the Lübeck files in 1572 , a written confirmation of the feudal receipt by the feudal man between Diederich von dem Berge and Duke Magnus I of Sachsen-Lauenburg is the first documentary evidence. When Vicke vom Berge died on October 8, 1565 on a trip to Sweden, Franz I of Saxony-Lauenburg moved the estate because Vicke vom Berge had deteriorated the fiefdom and burdened the people with unlawful burdens. He had pushed her past the mandatory 300 marks and a wispel of oats with taxes and forced her to give her a prescription. He is also said to have attracted frivolous and suspicious company. With these people he is said to have plundered the boatmen on the Elbe on small boats and also to have levied illegal fines from them. Vickes son, Fritz von dem Berge, brought an imperial lawsuit against the duke in 1574. In 1665, this was compared with the heirs of von Berges by promising them compensation of 30,000 thalers .
The Ost-Krauel was sold to Duke Johann Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf during the legal dispute in 1571 . In 1724 and again in 1750, Duke Friedrich Karl of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön pledged the Ost-Krauel to Hamburg together with Reitbrook , Nettelnburg and three farms located in Billwerder. With the Gottorp Treaty of 1768, these lands, together with Ost-Krauel, finally became the property of Hamburg.
After the abolition of the two-city office of Bergedorf through the sale of half of Lübeck's stake in Hamburg on January 1, 1868, West-Krauel came to Neuengamme in 1874 and thus to the newly established Bergedorf estate . On April 14, 1875, the Ost-Krauel was reclassified from the rulership of the Marschlande, which had existed since 1830, to the rulership of Bergedorf.
Railway line
The Hamburg Marschbahn line, opened in 1921 and discontinued in 1951, ran through the Krauel from Düneberg via Altengamme - Krauel via Zollenspieker to Fünfhausen and later to Billbrook . The station buildings Krauel (Deichvogt-Peters-Straße) and Kiebitzbraak (Kiebitzdeich 198) are still preserved.
Interpretation of the name
The place Crovel is mentioned for the first time in 1216 and appears in 1314 under the form of Krawel , in 1422 under Krouwel . A reliable interpretation of the name has not yet succeeded. The meaning is assumed as a fork in a river or from krog = corner, angle, remote land. The place name Krowel or Crowel is also known outside the Vierlande in old place names, such as on the Trave , in Reinfeld (Holstein) and Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg .
Protected areas
The Kiebitzbrack nature reserve lies in the east of the district and the Zollenspieker nature reserve in the foreland . All other areas of the Krauel are located in the landscape protection areas Neuengamme and Ost-Krauel (both ordinances of April 19, 1977).
Volunteer firefighter
The first volunteer fire brigade in Hamburg, the Krauel volunteer fire brigade, was founded in the second fire fighting district in the marshland area on October 15, 1877.
literature
- Beneke, Otto : The Krauel . Journal of Hamburg History, Volume 6, pp. 1-20, 1875
- Eggers, Georg: The Vierländer Ohe and the Eggers farm . Edited by the Freundeskreis Hof Eggers in der Ohe e. V., 50 p., Hamburg 2000
- Finder, Ernst : The Vierlande . Volume 1, p. 313, Hamburg 1922
- Gallois, Johann Gustav: Hamburg Chronicle from the oldest times to the present . Hamburg 1862
- Kobbe, Peter von : History and description of the country of the Duchy of Lauenburg . Volume 3, Altona 1837
- Schröder, Johannes von: Topography of the Duchy of Holstein, the Principality of Lübeck and the free and Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Lübeck . Second part, p. 41, Oldenburg (Holstein) 1841
Individual evidence
- ↑ Horst Schröder-Wendt: 125 years of the Krauel volunteer fire department . In: Lichtwark booklet No. 66. Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf, 2001. ISSN 1862-3549
Coordinates: 53 ° 23 ′ 51.9 ″ N , 10 ° 13 ′ 26.4 ″ E