Kiebitzbrack nature reserve

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Kiebitzbrack nature reserve

IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area

View from the Kraueler main dike to the dike brace

View from the Kraueler main dike to the dike brace

location Hamburg , Germany
surface 30 ha
WDPA ID 164062
Geographical location 53 ° 24 '  N , 10 ° 14'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 24 '24 "  N , 10 ° 14' 13"  E
Kiebitzbrack nature reserve (Hamburg)
Kiebitzbrack nature reserve
Setup date 1985
administration BSU

The nature reserve Kiebitzbrack is located in the Vierlanden on the border of the Hamburg districts of Kirchwerder and Neuengamme , in the districts of Ost-Krauel and Neuengamme. Today it forms the beginning of the Gose Elbe . The landscape of the 29 hectare large nature reserve is five Bracks influenced, among which the biggest, the eponymous " Lapwing Brack is". It connects to the Mittelbrack and Deichbrack to the south. Rundbrack and Langenbrack are in the east of the area. In the southeast, the Kiebitzbrack nature reserve is separated by the Elbe dike from the Zollenspieker nature reserve , which extends from here along the Elbe to the west.

The nature reserve is surrounded by agricultural land. In the south and west there is mostly grassland, in the north there is arable and horticultural areas.

Protection status

The lapwing was designated as a nature reserve on March 26, 1985 by ordinance of the Senate . On December 22, 1999, an area complex together with the Zollenspieker nature reserve was named a fauna-flora-habitat area (FFH area) in accordance with Directive 92/43 / EEC . As a Natura 2000 area, it is part of the Europe-wide system of protected areas and is managed by the Naturschutzbund Deutschland . According to the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive, the Kiebitzbrack nature reserve contains the habitat type (No. 3150): "Natural eutrophic lakes with magnopotamion or hydrocharition vegetation". For the Kiebitzbrack nature reserve, three animal species are registered as conservation goals in accordance with Annex II of the Habitats Directive: the loach (fish) , the petite poppet snail and the bellied nappy snail .

Waters and their history

In the 11th century, dikes were started in the Vier- und Marschlanden . At that time the Gose Elbe and Dove Elbe formed the main stream of the Elbe . There were always devastating dike breaches and flooding. The masses of water streaming in with force caused deep holes to be scoured inside the dyke , which remained water-bearing even after the storm surges had passed . The resulting bracks were so deep that they could not be refilled and the new dykes were built around them. In order to reduce the risk of storm surges, the three arms of the Gose Elbe and 1471 also the Dove Elbe were dammed up against the Elbe between 1314 and 1344. Today's waters in the nature reserve emerged from a silting oxbow lake of the Gose Elbe and several bracks. From historical maps it can be concluded that the Kiebitzbrack was created by a storm surge between 1588 and 1594 and that the other bracks of the current protected area were created between the end of the 16th and mid-18th centuries. Old dyke remnants are located north of the East Krauler trench and between Kiebitz and Rundbrack.

Map of the Lapwing Broken ( Prussian Land Survey , 1880)

The Gose-Elbe-Graben flows from the north into the largest of the six brackets in the nature reserve, the approximately 3.7 hectare Kiebitzbrack. A controllable weir in the approximately 100-meter-long trench section within the protected area creates a restricted hydraulic connection between the trench and the brackish. The main purpose of the weir is to ensure sufficient water retention in the nature reserve. The Kiebitzbrack is connected to the southeast via a flat, narrow canal with the 0.5 hectare central brace and this in turn with the 0.5 hectare dike brace. The Rundbrack (approx. 0.8 ha) and the Langenbrack (approx. 0.3 ha) in the north of the area as well as the large forest pond (approx. 0.03 ha) west of the Kiebitzbrack have no connection to the Kiebitzbrack. While the Kiebitzrack reaches a depth of up to 8.3 meters and the Rundbrack from 7 to 8 meters and the Langenbrack is also 4 to 5 meters deep, the water depth of the three other bracks (middle, dike and forest brackets) is only 1.5 to 2 meters. The three deep bracks have a steep bank. The translucent shallow water area to a depth of around 2 meters ( littoral ), for example, only takes up 35 percent of the area in the Lapwing Brace.

Floors

The north-western part of the nature reserve with the waters of the Lapwing, Round and Langenbrack lies in the area of ​​the superficial Pleistocene alluvial sand. In the east and south of the three bracks, the sands are covered by a layer of clay (clayey silt ). This forms the topsoil in the entire eastern part, where the two smaller brackets connected to the lapwing brackets are. To the south of the lapwing broke, however, the clay layer is again covered by younger, Holocene floodplain sand deposits.

Habitats

In the west, the nature reserve borders on the now asphalted Neuengammer Marschbahndamm of the former Hamburg Marschbahn , in the east on the banks of the Elbe , in the north on built-up and south on undeveloped agricultural areas. The area is characterized by five brackets and a pond with surrounding reed beds and trees, which are largely connected by grassland . The southern Kiebitzbrack, the Mittelbrack and Deichbrack are surrounded by extensive reed beds. The Rundbrack is surrounded by grassland. The Langenbrack borders on built-up agricultural areas to the north. The sixth, with 300 square meters significantly smaller, is located on the western edge of the nature reserve within an alder forest. Underwater vegetation is very little developed in the Bracks. The dense settlement of the shallow water areas of the larger bracks with a lot of yellow pond rose and little white water lily is probably a consequence of the progressive eutrophication , which is associated with the development of sludge and poor transparency of the water body. Most of the reeds are designed as reed beds. Pops of calamus and sedges can be found as narrow borders on the banks of the great brackish mountains. At the outlet to the Gose-Elbe-Graben, species-rich bank perennials grow. With the exception of the area between Rund- and Langenbrack, which is used to keep horses, all grassland areas are used as hay meadows. A special feature is the large population of wild tulips and tuberous buttercups in the large meadow east of the Rundbrack. To the southwest of the brackish chain, some heavily silted up ditches that are shaded by woody growth run through the meadows. Alder quarry forest predominates as the forest form . Starting from the marshland embankment, a small alder forest surrounds the forest pond. The larger stocks are in the southern edge area. The alder breaks on wet locations in the vicinity of the Deichbrack and around the Waldbrack are still relatively natural. The alder fragments on drier locations are on the Marschbahn embankment and along the Mittelbracks. In the north of the Mittelbrack there is a young population surrounded by reeds and interspersed with willow bushes . A pine and spruce forest extends north of the Erlenbruch along the Marschbahn embankment.

fauna

The nature reserve is particularly important for birds, amphibians, fish, dragonflies and mollusks.

Birds

A total of 103 bird species have been documented for the area since 1976, which have been found here either as breeding birds , foraging or resting. 66 species are documented as breeding birds or species suspected of breeding, 41 of them after 1998. 26 of all breeding bird species are listed in at least one of the two Red Lists for breeding birds in Hamburg or Germany because of their endangerment . These include, for example, the white stork , the bittern , the kingfisher and the oriole . Among the most common breeding birds include reed warbler and reed bunting , as typical inhabitants of the Red reeds, and Wren , Blackbird , Blue Tit , Willow Warbler and Chiffchaff as types who like to settle in bright, sunlit woods and groups of trees with well-trained herb and shrub layer.

Amphibians and reptiles

In the reptiles, the forest lizard and the grass snake could be observed. Of the amphibians coming newt , common spadefoot , toad , grass , marsh and pond frog before.

fishes

There are 15 species of fish in the reserve. The common species of eel , bream , perch , pike , carp (the only foreign fish species) and roach were found in all bracks . Noteworthy is the presence of protected under the Habitats Directive species loach , loach and bitterling .

Dragonflies

So far, 24 species have been detected in the area, one of which is threatened with extinction in Hamburg, the ( wedge-shaped damsel ), and two are endangered, the ( bat-azure damsel and the banded darter ). The waterside edge of the reed beds extending around the brackish chain is the habitat of the wedge-spot damsel and early reed hunter . The Keilfleck-Mosaikjungfer also mainly uses the bank areas of the Kiebitzbrack that are lined with sedges.

Grasshoppers

The occurrence in the protected area includes 11 species so far, two of which are endangered in Hamburg: ( great golden insect and marsh insect ). In the western part of the protected area, the area between Kiebitzbrack and Ost-Kraueler-Graben with sedge banks , wet meadows , blackberry bushes , ditches lined with wood and reed and oat meadow is particularly populated with a wealth of species and individuals.

Butterflies

The brown-spotted mother-of-pearl butterfly , which is highly endangered in Hamburg, prefers wet meadows in a protected location. It can reproduce where the food plants of the caterpillar, the canine violet and the swamp violet grow. The Spiegelfleck thick-headed butterfly also prefers wet meadows that are protected by woody plants, as can be found in the protected area in the west and south. The small meadow bird and the black-headed brown thick-headed butterfly make their home on dry, poor areas and edges . The dry, former dike ridge between Kiebitz- and Rundbrack offers such areas.

Snails and clams

Two species live in the waters that are threatened with extinction according to Hamburg's Red List : the bellied diaper snail , which lives in sedge-rich bank fringes, and the dainty poppet snail , which lives in oxygen-rich organic water sediments . The bellied diaper snail was found on the west bank of the lapwing brace, the petite poppet snail on the dike brace. Both species are also listed in Appendix II of the Habitats Directive, the petite poppet snail is also listed in Appendix IV. Furthermore, the beautiful- faced dwarf snail ( Marstoniopsis scholzi ) was found in the lapwing . The dwarf snail often colonizes the underside of wood or floating leaf plants and therefore finds good conditions in the lapwing brace.

reachability

The nature reserve can be viewed from the Marschbahn embankment and the Elbe dike. There are no paths in the protected area.

literature

  • Strunz, Claus (Ed.): Hamburg is so green: Discover all the nature reserves of the Hanseatic city . Verlag Hamburger Abendblatt, 136 pp., 2009, ISBN 978-3939716211

Web links

Commons : Nature reserve Kiebitzbrack  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Datasheet Nature Reserve Kiebitzbrack ( Memento from September 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ List of Hamburg's nature reserves (PDF; 93 kB)
  3. ↑ Map of Hamburg's nature reserves
  4. ^ Günther Helm: Bracks - silent witnesses of dramatic events . In: Lichtwark booklet No. 68. HB-Werbung publishing house, Hamburg-Bergedorf, 2003. ISSN  1862-3549