Duvenwischen nature reserve

Duvenwischen nature reserve IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
Duvenwischen: View of the Barkholz from the southern edge of the Gussauwiese
location	Hamburg , Germany
surface	43.6 ha
Geographical location	53 ° 40 '  N , 10 ° 10'  E Coordinates: 53 ° 39 '50 "  N , 10 ° 10' 9"  E
Setup date	2019
administration	District Office Wandsbek

The Duvenwischen nature reserve is located in the Volksdorf district of Hamburg on the state border with Schleswig-Holstein , directly adjacent to the Heidkoppelmoor nature reserve and the surrounding area . A special feature of the protected area is that the 0.8 hectare bush meadow is a Hamburg exclave with a wet meadow in the middle of the Schleswig-Holstein nature reserve. The nature reserve in the north-east of Hamburg has a size of 43.6  hectares and is characterized by valuable forest areas, wetland and wet grassland, which are characterized by a high biodiversity and an important biotope network function.

View from the northern edge of the bush meadow to the south

Protection status

The ordinance was passed on April 9, 2019 by the Hamburg Senate as the 35th nature reserve.

Duvenwischen nature reserve: map comparison 1880, 1938 and 2019

Habitats, flora and fauna as well as soils

Habitats

The Duvenwischen area has a total of 25 biotope types. It is therefore characterized by a large structural diversity in a very small space. In particular, the marshes, the rushes and Simsenriede of the Gussauwiese , the particularly wet "Bushwiese" framed by the Heidkoppelmoor nature reserve and the surrounding area , the alder and birch forests and the moor forests of nutrient-poor locations represent highly valuable biotopes. A total of nine biotope types according to § 30 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act protected. This illustrates the great potential of the area under consideration, especially as a network axis for animal and plant species in typical fen locations. In addition to the particularly valuable open land biotopes mentioned, there are structurally rich, acidic mixed oak forests in the northern section of the study area, which are also particularly valuable and at 19% make up the largest share of the area in terms of area. The spatial location of the Duvenwischen area between the two nature reserves should be emphasized . The Volksdorfer Teichwiesen nature reserve is located south of the area, connected by the Katthorst Park . In the north, the Schleswig-Holstein nature reserve Heidkoppelmoor and the surrounding area borders directly on the state border . The Duvenwischen area thus has an important function as a network corridor in the transnational protected area system between Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein. The area is limited in particular in the western, southern and southeastern areas by predominantly single houses. In the northeast, the listed residential area Rittmeisterkoppel borders with row and single houses.

Flora

The swamp and deciduous forest habitats that dominate the protected area are, in addition to their beauty and the uniqueness of the landscape, of particular importance as a habitat for specialized and endangered animals and plants. Various characteristic plant species of the fens thrive here, including endangered species such as z. B. the bladder and millet sedge . A total of 34 plant species on the Hamburg Red List have been mapped in the area. These include very rare species, such as the large rattlespot , the blue-green sedge , the bulky rush , brook chickweed and marsh chickweed , marsh marigold , the mountain flat pea , the small valerian and the devil's bite . The devil's bite, which is threatened with extinction in Hamburg, has one of its few locations here. The habitat types (FFH-LRTs ) named in Annex I of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (FFH-RL) are found in the area woodruff beech forests (code no.9130 ), old acidic oak forests on sandy soils with pedunculate oak (code no 9190), bog forests (code no. 91D0) and alder, ash and softwood alluvial forests (code no. 91E0) in a predominantly favorable state of preservation.

Wildlife

A total of 825 animal species could be mapped in the Duvenwischen area . Of these, 83 species (approx. 10.2%) are listed in a hazard category on the German Red List and 163 species are listed in a hazard category according to the Red Lists of northern German federal states (approx. 19.9%). With 561 documented species (67.9% of the total species list), the beetles represent the species-richest animal group examined. 104 of these beetle species are listed in the Red Lists of Schleswig-Holstein and / or the Federal Republic of Germany, which corresponds to approx. 18.5% of the recorded species Beetle species inventory. This value is comparatively high. In addition to the high proportion of endangered old and dead wood inhabitants, this value is due to the occurrence of numerous endangered species of the wet grassland on the bush meadow . A total of 211 species of beetles, including 25 Red List species, were detected here. The xylobionte (dead wood) fauna of the area can be described as species-rich and valuable with 193 documented beetle species, 60 of which are on the Red Lists. Two of the proven xylobionts ( Allecula rhenana and Corticeus fasciatus ) belong to the so-called "jungle relict species", the nationwide most demanding old and dead wood inhabitants , because of their high demands on the quality and continuity of the structures they colonize. Their occurrence underlines the special nature conservation value of the area. Within the aquatic insect groups (dragonflies, mayflies, stone flies and caddis flies), 61 species, seven of which (approx. 11.5%) are listed in the Red Lists of Schleswig-Holstein and / or the Federal Republic of Germany, were found. For the caddis fly species Oecetis tripunctata , evidence was obtained for the first time in north-western Germany. Within the dragonflies, there are also two endangered species: the glossy rush damsel and the northern moss damsel . Overall, the number of species of aquatic insects is high, despite the fact that both still waters, rich in plants, and larger, structurally rich rivers, are largely absent. The high number of species is mainly due to the occurrence of typical species of smaller, dead wood-rich forest streams as well as spring dwellers in the groups of mayflies, stone flies and caddis flies, which are sometimes adapted to a dry fall in their developing waters. The high water level dynamics as well as the structural diversity of the source areas of Depenreisengraben and Gussau are of great importance for the preservation of these special species communities.

The nine species of grasshopper found include marsh insects , great gold insects , saber thorns and common thorns, which are characteristic species of wet and damp meadows that are classified as endangered in Hamburg's Red List . The occurrence of these four species illustrates the permanently high water saturation in parts of the area and the associated close proximity to nature.

Of 16 butterfly species, five species are listed in the Red Lists of Schleswig-Holstein and / or the Federal Republic of Germany, which corresponds to 31.2%. With the meadowsweet mother-of-pearl butterfly , which is listed as critically endangered in Hamburg's Red List , a highly specialized butterfly species adapted to humid open-land biotopes could be detected. Among the amphibians there is a small but stable occurrence of the nationwide endangered moor frog and the common frog and common toad species . The pond newt has also found a habitat here. The bird world in the Duvenwischen study area comprises 61 species, including 11 species that are listed in a hazard category on Hamburg's Red List (19.4%). As breeding birds, 29 species occupied a total of 266 territories. Within the group of cave breeders with 11 species, which are interesting from a nature conservation perspective, the middle woodpecker can be highlighted as a pointer for richly structured forests with the largest possible proportion of old and dead wood. Different bat species have been mapped - at least as food guests - in the area around the central pond. Examples include Serotine , Noctule and pipistrelle called.

Floors

When drilling in the source area of ​​the Gussau between the streets Gussau and Lerchenberg , peat between 0.40 and 2 m thick was drilled. The peat consists of alder peat, herb peat and moss peat and is underlain by sand and boulder clay. The degree of decomposition of the peat has only progressed further in the topsoil with high groundwater levels. Any soil formation or silting up of the topsoil due to drainage and use could not be determined. The fen soils in these areas have largely natural properties and, as an archive of natural history, are to be classified as high quality. To the northeast, there are other smaller peat deposits in the immediate vicinity on extensive grassland meadows west of the Rittmeisterkoppel road and in the "old peat bog" on the Moorredder road.

Waters

Moorbek above the confluence of the Depenreisengraben

The Duvenwischen area has only a small number of flowing and still water bodies . The northern area (north of the Gussau road ) drains north into the Moorbek via the Depeneriengraben . Below the confluence of the Depenreisengraben, the body of water is known as Lottbek. The Lottbek belongs to the reportable water network according to the EU Water Framework Directive on. The southern area drains south via the Gussau . After just a few hundred meters of flowing, the Gussau flows into the Saselbek in the Volksdorfer Teichwiesen nature reserve . A watershed runs through the area at the level of the Gussau road between the catchment area of ​​the Lottbek in the north and the Saselbek in the south. In addition to the Lottbek reservoir in the northwest of the area, there is only another artificial pond of approx. 0.5 ha. In addition, there are only two small fall ponds in the area, which fall completely dry during the season.

Monument protection

The Duvenwischen 70 country house with entrance gate, built in 1910/11 according to plans by the architects Alfred Jacob & Otto Ameis by the forwarding agent Martin Uhlmann for 110,000 marks , integrated into parts of a landscape park with pond and island, was placed under the protection of the Monument Protection Act as an ensemble in 1990 as a monument . The representative building ensemble was built asymmetrically around a courtyard, to which stables and buildings for the wagon were attached. With this bourgeois country house style, architects and owners set themselves apart from the townhouses of the Hanseatic bourgeoisie. The monument with the residential building, the entrance gate and parts of the garden are cut out of the nature reserve.

The listed property with pond and house / studio of the Maetzel family of artists also borders the nature reserve in the southeastern area ( Langenwiesen 15 ).

See also

• List of nature reserves in Hamburg

literature

• Center for Natural History (CeNak) of the University of Hamburg / Zoological Museum (2017): Faunistic mapping of selected groups of animals in the planned Duvenwischen nature reserve , 166 pages, expert opinion on behalf of the Hamburg Nature Conservation Department. (Online = [1] Transparency Portal Hamburg, accessed on April 9, 2019)

Web links

Commons : Duvenwischen nature reserve  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• "Rationale for the draft ordinance on the Duvenwischen nature reserve" pdf with overviews at hamburg.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Höpfner, Paula (2017): Concept of measures for the last occurrence of the common devil bite (Succisa pratensis) in Hamburg , 17 pages, report on behalf of the Hamburg Nature Conservation Department
2. ↑ Jelinski, Jan (2017): Moore in Hamburg: Distribution and history of the peat soils of Hamburg , 116 pages, Authority for Environment and Energy
3. ↑ Geisthövel, Alexa & Habbo Knoch (2005): Places of Modernity: Worlds of Experience in the 19th and 20th Century , Campus Verlag, Edition: 1, ISBN 978-3-593-37736-0