Neuländer Moorwiesen nature reserve
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Neuländer Moorwiesen nature reserve
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 Neuländer Moorwiesen (facing southeast) |
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| location | Hamburg , Germany | |
| surface | 2.5 km² | |
| WDPA ID | 555638575 | |
| Geographical location | 53 ° 27 ' N , 10 ° 2' E | |
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| Setup date | 2017 | |
| administration | BUE | |
The 250 ha large nature reserve Neuländer Moorwiesen is located in the Hamburg districts Neuland and Gut Moor (15 ha) in the Hamburg-Harburg district on the state border with Lower Saxony. In the southeast, Fünfhausener Strasse divides the area into two parts. The nature reserve is a largely wood-free fen and marsh landscape, which is characterized by grassland, ditches and several flat bodies of water. This area is of great importance for the biotope network. Valuable wetland habitats in the area function as ecological composite elements and enable an exchange of individuals for wild animals and plants. Of particular importance here are the grassland areas bordering east in Lower Saxony and further grassland areas in the Vier- und Marschlanden, north in Wilhelmsburg and south in Gut Moor.
Protection status
The ordinance on the nature reserve was passed by the Hamburg Senate on August 1, 2017 .
Morphology and soil
The terrain heights are between a little under 0.4 m above sea level in the very low center and around 1 m above sea level in the south on the southern Großmoordamm. Clearly recognizable is the dividing line between the narrow, mineral-based, narrow "highlands" on the Elbe dike, which rises to the north, and the gently rising bog in the south. In the area, there are earthy fens caused by intensive use and drainage and, more rarely, transitions to more degenerate fens ("Mulm-Erdniedmoore"). Below the approx. 0.5 meter earthed peat there are up to 5 meters thick, little decomposed peat layers. As the eastern part of the 'Hamburg moor belt', the area of the Neuländer moor meadows is an important area of the largest contiguous carbon reservoir in Hamburg. The preservation of these fen soils is of great climatic importance. These soils are particularly valuable as archives of natural and cultural history.
Habitats, fauna and flora
Habitats
The Neuländer Moorwiesen are among the last largely open grassland areas in Hamburg. The grassland covers an area of 82 percent of the nature reserve. The proportion of wet and wet grassland makes up 52 percent; Intensive grassland comprises 9 percent and mesophilic grassland 21 percent of the total area. The extensive ditch system and the partly newly created shallow water areas in the Neuländer moor meadows are, with an area of 28 hectares, the most important prerequisite for the occurrence of rare and endangered plant and animal species in the area. Above all, the embankments of the trenches represent valuable locations for the most varied types of vegetation. In the smallest of spaces, fens with reeds and sedges merge into meadow-like sections, followed by smaller, dry, lean areas in the upper part of the slope. This local diversity is the reason for the extraordinary biodiversity of the trenches and the great importance that these develop as network axes. To a lesser extent, there are also smaller wooded areas, individual trees along the road on Fünfhausener Straße, reeds and semi-rudimentary grass and perennial corridors. There are no arable land in the area.
flora
The area is very species-rich with 317 different vascular plant species. With 233 species, more than half of the species grow in ditches. 171 species occur in the grassland itself. 148 species can be found in the still waters. There are a total of 74 valuable plant species with different endangerment status according to the Red Lists of Germany and Hamburg. The marsh marigold , which is endangered in Hamburg , the bog bedstraw and the nationwide endangered water fennel should be emphasized . These species can be found on the wet meadows or at the edges of the ditch. The endangered species of water feathers , crab claws and various spawning herbs grow in the trenches . Broad-leaved orchid , a nationwide endangered orchid species, also occurs occasionally .
fauna
Birds
Studies of the meadow bird populations in new land from 1979 to 1981 and from 1991 to 2014 show significantly higher populations in the 1970s than today and a low point in the 1990s. The whinchat or the godwit disappeared from the area entirely. The reasons for the decline lay in the documented considerable disturbances during the breeding season due to rolling, fertilizing , slurry , harrowing , spraying of the grassland areas as well as clearing the ditches and burning the ditch edges. With the conclusion of management contracts with the prohibition of work in the breeding season from 2004, the stocks increased, significantly after the implementation of hydraulic engineering measures from 2008 on the areas with compensation measures. The studies show that the measures taken so far have resulted in positive changes and that there is still significant potential for development. The preparation of the compensation measures with the increase of the surface water level as well as the creation of small bodies of water have led in particular to a significant upgrading of the habitat for meadow birds. The common snipe shows stable stocks at a high level. The number of breeding pairs in the Lapwing and Redshank has increased significantly in recent years. Skylark and meadow pipit also occur in high densities and with stable populations. The waterlogging measures also resulted in a (re-) settlement of teal duck and shoveler . The godwit tried to breed in 2016. A pair of cranes used the shallow water zones as a breeding ground and was able to successfully raise two young birds in 2017. A total of eleven bird species breed in the area according to the Red List for Hamburg and Germany endangered.
Amphibians
The extensive aquatic habitats of the Neuland moor meadows offer optimal habitats for amphibians. Overall, common toads , common frogs , pond / lake frogs , moor frogs and pond newts live in the area. The moor frog is strongly tied to wet habitats and their extensive use. The moor frog is considered endangered nationwide (Red List 3), because many of the former habitats have been drained and converted to more intensive use.
Dragonflies
The dragonfly fauna in the Neuländer moor meadows has experienced a major boom in recent years. The number has increased significantly to 33 dragonfly species today. According to Hamburg's Red List, there are eight endangered or endangered species. Three species are particularly noteworthy: The green maidenhead , which only lays its eggs on the aquatic plant crab claws, is threatened with extinction nationwide and is endangered in Hamburg. The wedge- spotted mosaic maiden and the spotted emerald dragonfly are endangered nationwide and threatened with extinction in Hamburg .
Mammals
Among the mammals, the wetland habitats of the Neuländer Moorwiesen are of great importance as hunting and feeding areas for the great noctule bat species . The brown hare , which is endangered nationwide, and the harvest mouse , which is endangered in Hamburg and bound to reed and tall perennial vegetation , also find an important habitat here. The harvest mouse is particularly endangered by dogs and cats running freely, as these represent potential predators .
fishes
Six species of fish live in the trenches: tench , crucian carp , pike , mud whip and the 3- and 9-spined stickleback , five of these species are protected, including the mud whip, which is endangered nationwide.
More types
Among the 16 grasshopper species recorded in the area , occurrences of the nationally endangered marsh insect, which is dependent on extensively used wetlands, are particularly noteworthy. The butterflies are very well represented with a typical type of extensively used grassland, the great ox-eye . Larvae of the nationwide endangered water beetles have been observed several times . Finally, on the banks of the trenches, the swamp diaper snail , which is endangered nationwide, and the common diaper snail , which is highly endangered in Hamburg, occur.
Compensation measures
As part of the implementation of compensation measures under nature conservation law for four development plans and the road construction projects bypassing the Finkenwerder and Finkenwerder nodes, targeted renaturation and extensification measures have been carried out on 140 hectares in recent years, which have led to a significant upgrading of the areas concerned. The main structural measures were implemented between November 2008 and mid-2011. A high water level is of central importance for the development of species-rich meadows and pastures with communities typical of low moors. As part of the implementation of the measures, 8 weirs were installed in the area, around 21 km of ditches were restored, 13 small bodies of water were created, ditches were widened in 32 places and twelve shallow water zones were newly created over an area of 7.6 ha. With the creation of large shallow water areas within the grassland area, core areas were created for amphibian, bird and insect protection. By raising the water levels, the degeneration of the peatland should also be stopped and reversed if possible. The compensation areas are mainly located in the central and southern part of the nature reserve and are extensively managed in accordance with nature conservation requirements. To this end, corresponding management contracts have been concluded with farmers. The contract areas form a particularly valuable core area. Some of the other grassland areas are managed a little more intensively, but many areas also often have a very high biotope value due to the local conditions.
Landscape protection area
On April 24, 1957, the Hamburger Abendblatt reported that the SPD had pushed through a senate motion against the Hamburg block in the district committee in order to preserve the Neuland district in its current scenic form through a landscape protection area. The representatives of the Hamburg-Block, on the other hand, believed that new land was not in danger of losing its scenic character. The vote then took place under protest from the Hamburg Block Group. The ordinance was issued on October 22, 1957. Landscape protection was repealed by the nature reserve ordinance insofar as the affected areas are located in the nature reserve.
Cultural history
Until the 13th century, the area around the later city of Harburg was a wide swamp area and the cultivation of the marshland immediately to the east began at the instigation of Duke Otto II of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1296 with the construction of dykes and the creation of a large-scale system of Drainage ditches. He granted the settlers favorable privileges with greatly reduced taxes, exemption from the land rent and an autonomous administration.Although the self-administration of many marshlands was abolished during the princely absolutism, it was partially preserved in new territory in the communion of 1296. The Neuländer Communion , which still exists today, is an owners' association with an area of 14 hectares that leases the land on Fünfhausener Landweg and divides the proceeds. Probably in the course of the 14th century the name Neuland replaced the old place name Lewenwerder . One of the twelve bailiwicks of the Harburg office formed new territory. The Fünfhausener Landweg leads along an old side dike. As the name suggests, the small town of Fünfhausen used to consist of five positions. Historical maps such as the Kurhannoversche Landesaufnahme from the 18th century and the Prussian Neuaufnahme from 1880 prove that the landscape structures of ditches, weather conditions and paths have been preserved in the eastern Neuland until today. Agricultural use was probably characterized by grassland use in the central area on the bog soils over the centuries. On the approx. 300 m narrow strip south of the Neuländer Elbe dike, arable and horticultural use took place on the mineral soils, which has disappeared in recent decades. A turning point for the Neuland landscape was the construction of the A1 federal motorway in 1937. As a result, the western part from Neuland to the autobahn was built on over the past decades. Considerations for the development of industrial areas up to Bullenhausen were given in 1923 by the general settlement plan drawn up by the Prussian government for the Greater Hamburg area .
Water management
The area is drained by a large number of trenches and associated connecting and main trenches running perpendicular to them. The trenches drain south of the Fünfhausener Landweg Wettet to the north, north of it, to the south into the Wetter. This is connected to the Elbe both in the west and in the east via a connecting ditch to Fünfhausen in the northeast of the area via a dike and shows different directions of flow over the course of the year. The south-eastern part (east of Fünfhausener Straße) is drained through a ditch on the northern edge to the east into a very broad main weather, which in turn drains to the north in Lower Saxony in the village of Bullenhusen via a dyke into the Elbe.
Accessibility and routing
You can get a good view of the central protected area via the Fünfhausener Landweg farm road, which is closed to general traffic, along the Fünfhausener Landwegwetter between the A1 motorway (access via Neuländer Straße, at the entrance to the concrete plant, follow the farm road next to the weather to the underpass of the motorway) and the Fünfhausener Straße. The area in the north or south can be reached by bus: Line 149 runs 20 minutes from Hamburg-Harburg train station north over the Neuländer Elbdeich in the direction of Winsen train station to the Fünfhausener Straße stop . From there, Fünfhausener Straße leads south into the protected area. The southern part of the protected area can be reached in 6 minutes via line 245 from Harburg train station in the direction of Groß Moor at the Fünfhausener Straße Süd stop . From the bus stop, Fünfhausener Straße leads north directly into the protected area. There is no footpath on the street.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brandt, Ingo (2016): Neuland-Ost: Vegetation mapping and amphibian mapping, Monitoring 2013 , expert opinion on behalf of the Hamburg Nature Conservation Department
- ^ Preisinger, Helmut (1981): Botanical investigations in the Neuland area in the Harburg district. Mapping of the drainage ditches and ditch edges in the summer of 1981, unpublished manuscript for the Hamburg Botanical Association. V., 12 pages
- ↑ Meyer, Joachim (1981): Results of 3-year settlement density studies of the summer bird population in the Neuland-Fünfhausen area 1979-1981 , unpublished manuscript, 18 pages
- ↑ Mitschke, Alexander (2016): Changes in the population of meadow birds in Hamburg from 1990 to 2014 - results within the framework of the biotope protection program in the cultural landscape of Hamburg , Hamburg Avifaunist Contributions, Volume 42, Pages 5–253
- ^ Kausche, Dietrich (1956): Investigations into the older legal history and topography of Harburg . Journal of the Association for Hamburg History, Volume 43, Pages 105–162
- ↑ Hellberg, Lennart, Heike Albrecht and Heino Grunert (1999): Harburg and surroundings , monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, Hamburg inventory: Harburg district, Christians Verlag, 392 pages
- ^ Bennecke, Theodor (1918): On the history of the village Neuland, Lower Saxony - Illustrated bi-monthly publication for history, regional and folklore, language, art and literature of Lower Saxony, 317 ff.
- ^ Kausche, Dietrich (1951): Lewenwerder - A contribution to the history of the Elbmarschen , magazine of the Association for Hamburg History, Volume 41, pages 99-124
- ↑ Ellermeyer, Jürgen, Klaus Richter, Dirk Stegmann (1988): Harburg: from the castle to the industrial city: contributions to the history of Harburg, from 1288 to 1938, Christian Publishing, 542 pages
Allermöher meadows | Meadow landscape of the Upper Tide Elbe | Boberger Niederung | Borghorster Elbe landscape | Diekbek | The riding | Duvenstedter Brook | Duve wiping | Eppendorfer Moor | Finkenwerder Süderelbe | Fischbeker Heide | Flottbektal | Hainesch / Iland | Haylock | Holzhafen | Höltigbaum | Hummelsbüttel Moors | Lapwing Brace | Kirchwerder Meadows | Bog belt | Mühlenberger Loch / Neßsand | Neuländer Moorwiesen | Raakmoor | Rhee | Rodenbeker Quellental | Rothsteinsmoor | Schnaakenmoor | Sand of silence | Stacking fields moor | Stellmoorer Tunneltal | Volksdorfer Teichwiesen | Westerweiden | Wittenbergen | Wittmoor | Wohldorfer Forest | Zollenspieker