Krupund Lake
| Krupund Lake | ||
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| View of the northwest bank in April | ||
| Geographical location | Halstenbek Krupunder , Schleswig-Holstein | |
| Tributaries | especially groundwater | |
| Drain | none | |
| Location close to the shore | Halstenbek | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 53 ° 37 '26 " N , 9 ° 52' 25" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 14.2 m above sea level NN | |
| surface | 6.5 ha | |
| length | 353 m | |
| width | 260 m | |
| volume | 303,000 m³ | |
| scope | 1.1 km | |
| Maximum depth | 12.3 m | |
| Middle deep | 4.7 m | |
The Krupunder See is a lake in the area of the municipality Halstenbek in the Schleswig-Holstein district of Pinneberg , near the city limits of Hamburg. The Krupunder See has been a popular local recreation area for the surrounding residents since the 1920s and has been prohibited from bathing as a landscape protection area since 1964 .
description
The Krupunder See is located in the middle of a former heather and moor landscape that has been almost completely urbanized. It has its greatest extension with 353 m in north-south direction. The greatest width is 260 m in east-west direction, its entire shoreline is 1100 m. The volume of the Krupund lake is 303,000 m³, it covers an area of 0.065 km², has an average depth of 4.6 m and a maximum depth of 12.3 m. The total above-ground catchment area can not be precisely determined due to the intensive development and sewerage in the area and, including the lake area, is an estimated 625 ha. The lake is mainly fed by groundwater . The lake had two underground, canalized feed lines that fed surface water that ran off and still existed in 1982. The existence of a warm spring , suspected in earlier publications , could not be confirmed after several dives on July 7, 1981, but characteristic upheavals at one point on the seabed revealed evidence of a temporary influx of the spring. The lake was separated from the Ballerbek brook in the past and today no longer has any natural inflows or outflows. Seen from the air, the lake water appears dark brown to black due to the humic substances dissolved in it and the dark sediment. The bottom of the lake drops almost evenly to its deepest point, only on the east bank the lake bottom shows a noticeable step, as here in the early 20th century larger amounts of sand were poured off in the bank area for the earlier bathing. The Krupund lake is surrounded by a small break forest.
Emergence
The origin of the lake has not yet been clarified with certainty. Older research assumed that the lake was created by blowing sand on the ice age ground moraine , but its very great depth speaks against it. According to the current state of research, the lake was most likely formed from a glacial dead ice hole .
history
The original name of the lake was Schwarzer See or Rellinger See at the beginning of the 18th century and its popular name was Krupunder See . Before the introduction of the railway , Lake Krupund served as a cattle trough and resting place for Holstein farmers who drove their cattle to the nearby cattle drift at the Hamburg cattle market. As a result, several inns were built on the lake to supply the farmers, and according to historical reports, up to 250 oxen are said to have rested there on a few days. In the 1890s several attempts were made to fish the lake, which was then rich in pike , perch , eel , carp , tench , roach , pikeperch and trout . Ottensener , Wedeler and Elmshorn fishermen pulled trawls through the lake, which they pulled back on land completely torn, but nevertheless brought in considerable catches. The fishermen's nets were probably damaged by trees that Halstenbeck farmers deposited for storage in the lake water, which then sank to the bottom of the lake. In 1903 the Halstenbeck tree nurse Hermann Heins bought the lake area and planted the barren shore area. In the following years, several species of fish, including numerous exotic fish species, were released in the lake. In the 1920s, Lake Krupund became a popular local recreation area and lido with up to 17,000 bathers on a Sunday in 1930. At that time, the lake was well developed with a sandy beach, numerous snack bars and changing rooms. The lido was closed in 1962 and the lake was placed under landscape protection in 1964. In the following years the lake had to be extensively renovated several times due to massive over-fertilization. The excessive nutrient input was caused by the previous livestock and bathing operations, as well as by inflowing waters that washed in the remains of agricultural fertilizers. In 1974 the Halstenbek community bought the lake area. In 1990 and 2010 the lake was artificially ventilated for rehabilitation.
Improve water quality
To improve the general water quality, a deep water aeration system (TIBEAN) was first put into operation in 1990 . The TIBEAN 650S system enriches the deep water with oxygen from the earth's atmosphere without affecting the natural stratification of the lake. The hypolimnion remains aerobic all year round , the redissolution of phosphates is reduced, the mineralization of the sediments is significantly improved, and the nutrient load in the water is reduced. In the following years, additional nutrient precipitations were implied via the plant. After 20 years of operation, in 2009 the old system, made from an aluminum alloy that had been heavily attacked over the years, was replaced by a new TIBEAN 650S-PE made of weather-resistant polyethylene (PE).
Say
The Krupund Lake, formerly also known as the Black Lake, is the subject of several legends .
Formation of the lake
According to a legend, a small forest surrounded by moor and heather originally stood at the site of the lake , which sank into the moor and is said to have torn a house with it. The waters of the forming lake flooded with great fanfare in a Au down, which is why the name Ballerbek leads.
Insidious host
According to a legend, there was an inn on the Black Lake, the owner of which did not achieve prosperity because the guests who came in were mostly poor farmers or craftsmen who only stayed very briefly and hardly ate anything. The landlord, who was regarded as a greedy man, is said to have strangled and robbed supposedly wealthy guests in their sleep and sunk their corpses in the Black Lake with the words " Kup ünner !" One evening an Arab-looking hiker returned to be with the landlord on his way from Hamburg to Kiel. The hiker handed his knapsack to the host and lay down to rest. The landlord sneaked into the room and grabbed the guest's neck, who at that moment woke up and struggled. Thereupon he seized an ax and hit the head of the guest, while dying he could only say “ Brother - murderer! " calling out. The landlord unwittingly killed his only biological brother. The innkeeper is said to have confessed to more than ten other robberies to the police, the bodies of which he sank in the Black Lake. The innkeeper on the Galgenberg, the Köppelbarg , is said to have been hanged for these crimes . The name Krupunder is said to have emerged from the saying “Kup ünner”.
Annual sacrifice
Up until the beginning of the 20th century, many people had accidents in the lake, including numerous people who broke in and drowned on the frozen lake in winter. This fed the legend that the lake claimed one sacrifice every year . These accidents did not end until the tree nursery Heins bought the lake in 1903 and fenced it in .
See also
literature
- Municipality of Halstenbek (ed.): Municipality of Halstenbek. Anniversary font for the 700th anniversary (1296–1996) . WEKA, Kissing 1996.
- Brigitte Wolf: Halstenbek community chronicle . Halstenbek municipality, Halstenbek 1991.
- Joachim Kaiser: Investigations on the limnology of the Krupund lake . University of Hamburg, 1982 (diploma thesis).
- Hans Möller: The history and legend of Krupunder and its lake . Meier & Elsner, Altona (around 1913).
- Kristina Michel: The Krupund Lake - History and Nature Conservation . In: Eidelstedter Anzeiger . May 1988 (illustrated newspaper supplement).
Web links
- Aerial photo of the Krupund Lake on a postcard from around 1935 with a clearly recognizable lido in the upper bank area
- Aerial view of the lido on a postcard from the 1930s
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Joachim Kaiser: Investigations on the limnology of the Krupund lake . University of Hamburg, 1982, p. 15-17 (diploma thesis).
- ↑ a b c Municipality of Halstenbek (ed.): Municipality of Halstenbek. Anniversary font for the 700th anniversary (1296-1996) . WEKA, Kissing 1996, p. 35-37 .
- ↑ Joachim Kaiser: Investigations on the limnology of the Krupund lake . University of Hamburg, 1982, p. 5; 8th; 20 (diploma thesis).
- ↑ Joachim Kaiser: Investigations on the limnology of the Krupund lake . University of Hamburg, 1982, p. 47 (diploma thesis).
- ^ Krupunder See Authority for Urban Development and Environment, Hamburg, accessed on April 11, 2011.
- ↑ Joachim Kaiser: Investigations on the limnology of the Krupund lake . University of Hamburg, 1982, p. 119 (diploma thesis).
- ↑ Page no longer available , search in web archives: haw-hamburg.de
- ↑ Fence made of NATO wire protects Tibean. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . August 21, 2010
- ↑ C. Steinberg, H. Bernhardt: Handbuch Angewandte Limnologie. 14th result. 4/0. Hüthig Jehle Rehm, 2002, ISBN 3-609-75820-1 .
- ↑ Website of the manufacturer ( Memento of the original from November 29, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. with photo gallery of the system.
- ^ A b Hans Möller: The history and legend of Krupunder and its lake . Meier & Elsner, Altona, S. 1-3 (around 1913).
- ↑ Hans Möller: The history and legend of Krupunder and its lake . Meier & Elsner, Altona, S. 11-13 (around 1913).
