Cylindrite
| Cylindrite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
Cylindrite |
| chemical formula | FeSn 4 Pb 3 Sb 2 S 14 |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulfides and sulfosalts |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
2.HF.25a ( 8th edition : II / C.17) 03.01.04.01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | triclinic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | triklin-pedial; 1 |
| Room group (no.) | P 1 (No. 1) |
| Lattice parameters | see crystal structure |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 5.42 to 5.49; calculated: 5.443 |
| Cleavage | very perfect after {100} |
| colour | lead gray to black |
| Line color | black |
| transparency | opaque |
| shine | Metallic luster |
Kylindrite is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts ". It crystallizes in the triclinic crystal system with the composition FeSn 4 Pb 3 Sb 2 S 14 , so it is chemically an iron - tin - lead - antimony - sulfo salt.
Kylindrite is opaque in every form and develops unusual crystal forms, which consist of individual, superimposed bowls with a cylindrical or conical , rarely also spherical habit and are often arranged in tufted or fan-shaped aggregates of up to five centimeters in diameter. Its color varies between lead gray and black, while its line color is pure black. Fresh samples have a metallic sheen .
Special properties
Kylindrite is hardly attacked by cold acids. In contrast, hot hydrochloric acid and nitric acid gradually dissolve it. In front of the soldering tube on carbon, Kylindrite melts easily into a ball and emits sulphurous acid and a coating of lead oxide and tin oxide.
Etymology and history
Kylindrit was first discovered in the “Mina Santa Cruz” (Santa Cruz mine) near Poopó in the Bolivian department of Oruro and described in 1893 by Friedrich August Frenzel , who, due to its characteristic cylindrical to cylindrical shape, derived from the ancient Greek word κυλίνδειν [kylíndein] for roll or roll named.
classification
Already in the now outdated, but still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Kylindrite belonged to the mineral class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there to the department of "sulfides with the molar ratio metal: sulfur, selenium, tellurium = 1: 1", where he named the "Kylindrit Group" with the system no. II / C.17 and the other members Abramovit , Coirait , Franckeit , Herzenbergit , Incait , Lévyclaudit , Mohit , Potosíit , Stistait , Suredait and Teallit .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns the Kylindrite to the class of “sulfides and sulfosalts”, but there in the department of “sulfosalts with SnS as a model” . This section is further subdivided according to the predominant metals or the structure in the compound, so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the sub-section “With SnS and PbS archetype structural units”, where it is only found together with Abramovite and Lévyclaudit the "Kylindrit group" named after him with the system no. 2.HF.25a forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking area , assigns the Kylindrite to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there in the department of "sulfosalts". Here he is also the namesake of the "Kylindrit Group" with the system no. 03.01.04 together with Franckeit, Incait, Potosíit, Abramovit and Coirait within the subdivision of “ Sulphosalts with the ratio z / y> 4 and the composition (A + ) i (A 2+ ) j [B y C z ], A = Metals, B = semi-metals, C = non-metals ”.
Education and Locations
Kylindrit formed hydrothermally in tin courses . Accompanying minerals include boulangerite , Franckeit , galena , incaite , jamesonite , cassiterite , potosite , pyrite , sphalerite , stannite and teallite .
As a rare mineral formation, Kylindrite has so far (as of 2011) only been proven at a few sites. Around 20 sites are known to date. In addition to its type locality “Santa Cruz mine”, the mineral appeared in Bolivia in the “San Francisco mine”, also located near Poopó, and in the “Trinacria mine” in the Poopó province. These mines are also known for their rich mineral finds with crystal sizes of up to about 5 cm in length. In addition, Kylindrit was found in several other mines in the Departamento Oruro and the Departamento Potosí .
Other sites include the Oploca vein system of the “Oploca mine” in the Pirquitas deposit in the Argentinian province of Jujuy , the Sukhoi Log deposit near Bodaibo in the Russian Oblast of Irkutsk (Eastern Siberia) and the Nikitovka deposit in the Donets Basin near Donetsk in Of Ukraine.
Crystal structure
Cylindrite crystallizes triclinically in the space group P 1 (space group no.1) with a very complex crystal structure , consisting of two triclinic sublattices with the common plane (100), the axis a 0 and the lattice parameters :
- tC: a = 11.76 Å ; b = 5.79 Å; c = 5.81 Å; α = 91 °; β = 91.2 ° and γ = 95 °
- hC: a = 11.73 Å; b = 3.67 Å; c = 6.32 Å; α = 91 °; β = 91 ° and γ = 91 °
Structurally, cylindrite consists of corrugated layers in which the pseudotetragonal (tC) crystallizing compound MeS (Me = Pb, Sn, Ag, Fe) with a deformed PbS structure and the pseudohexagonal (hC) crystallizing compound SnS 2 with Sn alternate in octahedral coordination .
See also
literature
- A. Frenzel: About the Kylindrite. In: New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geology and Palaontology. Vol. 2 (1893), pp. 125-128. (PDF 506.4 kB)
- Helmut Schrätze, Karl Ludwig Weiner: Minéralogie: A textbook on a systematic basis . Walter de Gruyter & Co., formerly GJ Göschen'sche Verlagshandlung, Berlin 1981, p. 215 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 132 .
- ↑ a b c John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols: Cylindrite. In: Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America. 2001 ( PDF 64.3 kB )
- ↑ A. Frenzel: Ueber den Kylindrit. 1893.
- ↑ a b Mindat - Cylindrite
- ↑ Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Mineral Encyclopedia . Nebel Verlag, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 37 ( Dörfler Natur ).
- ↑ Helmut Schrätze, Karl Ludwig Weiner: Minéralogie: A textbook on a systematic basis. 1981.