Landau (Bad Arolsen)

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Landau
City of Bad Arolsen
Landau coat of arms
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 31 ″  N , 9 ° 5 ′ 6 ″  E
Height : 300 m above sea level NHN
Area : 16.8 km²
Residents : 921  (December 16, 2015)
Population density : 55 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1974
Postal code : 34454
Area code : 05696
Landau castle and town 1655; Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian
Landau castle and town 1655; Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian

Landau is a formerly independent town and since 1974 a district of Bad Arolsen in the north Hessian district of Waldeck-Frankenberg .

history

Landau was founded as a fortified town over the east bank of the Watter , with a small castle on the north , in the 13th century by order of Count Otto I from Waldeck , away from the network of roads that existed at that time and without important economic interests in the immediate vicinity End of the valley side and a second small castle, the Knappenburg, at the southern end at the upper gate. The facility, together with Rhoden Castle , was intended to secure the area of ​​the county in the north. The place is mentioned for the first time in 1290, developed rapidly under Otto's targeted support and received city rights in 1294, but without ever exceeding the population of a large village. The small town was surrounded by a wall that included the former castle complex, a total of 1750 meters long city wall, which only had a double gate in the north and south, the upper and the lower gate. There was another gate between the city and the castle, which were separated by another wall. The overall appearance of the city remained almost unchanged until the middle of the 19th century; only then did new residential areas emerge outside the old town center. From 1397 to 1495 Landau was the residence of the older and from 1550 to 1597 of the newer Landau line of the Waldeck Count's House.

The city was incorporated into Arolsen on January 1, 1974 as part of the regional reform in Hesse by virtue of state law .

The place has its own primary school , a Protestant kindergarten , a gym, a sports field and an outdoor pool in Wattertal. The majority of the inhabitants are Protestant and belong to the Protestant parish of Landau, which also includes the Bad Arolser districts of Bühle and Volkhardinghausen . The Catholic residents are part of the Catholic parish in Bad Arolsen. Landau had its own Jewish community, the synagogue of which was on Heidestrasse. The Jewish cemetery has been preserved in parts.

Jewish community

A Jewish community existed from the 16th century until after 1933. In 1837 the synagogue was built on the Heide (today Heidestrasse). After 1932 it was sold and demolished.

In 1779 the Jewish community acquired an area of ​​11.05 acres and set up a cemetery here. The field name has since been referred to as "Jüddengrund". Today there are still 41 tombstones ( mazewot ). The cemetery was occupied until the 1930s. It is located east of the village on a steep slope. It can be reached via a meadow via the Tiefenholer Weg.

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1770: 152 houses
Landau: Population from 1770 to 1967
year     Residents
1770
  
 798
1834
  
 1.101
1840
  
 1,214
1846
  
 1,210
1852
  
 1,305
1858
  
 1,124
1864
  
 1,131
1871
  
 994
1875
  
 896
1885
  
 871
1895
  
 879
1905
  
 819
1910
  
 800
1925
  
 864
1939
  
 849
1946
  
 1,097
1950
  
 1,242
1956
  
 1,119
1961
  
 1,087
1967
  
 1,047
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Other sources:

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1895: 849 Protestant (= 96.59%), 4 Catholic (= 0.46%), 26 Jewish (= 2.96%) residents
• 1961: 975 Protestant (= 89.70%), 93 Catholic (= 8.56%) residents

Attractions

  • City church: Its beginnings go back to the 13th century, when a chapel was built on a crypt at the castle, changing from Romanesque to early Gothic styles . It later served the count's family as a burial chapel. At the turn of the 16th century, a Gothic hall church was added to the chapel to the west, and the former chapel became the church's choir. The tower, completed around 1550, is 34 meters high and was completely restored in 2002/03.
  • Landau Castle : The former Count's Castle dates back to the 13th century castle, which was converted into a castle around 1330. The older Landau line of the Waldeck Count's House resided here from 1397 to 1495 and the newer Landau line from 1550 to 1597. Until 2012 the castle served as a retirement home for the Evangelical Altenhilfe Hofgeismar (Diakonisches Werk Kurhessen-Waldeck)
  • Old town: Landau has a closed and heritage - protected half-timbered town . Two historicizing arches delimit the old town on the only two streets that lead into the valley of the Watter and thus out of the old town. Where the former blacksmith's building stands at the upper gate today, there used to be the so-called small bone breaker or witch's house. Two prison rooms were set up on the first floor and were also used for interrogation and torture. A half-timbered house leaning strongly to the west near the church, the so-called Weinhaus, is considered to be the most crooked inhabited half-timbered house in Germany. The renovation and stabilization of this building was completed in 2008 and has been inhabited again since then.
  • Archway: The archway, one of the city's landmarks, was built in 1563 by Count Johann von Waldeck zu Landau and his wife Anna, nee. Countess zu Lippe, built. The gatehouse has served a variety of purposes over the centuries. Built as an easy-to-defend access to the castle and the dairy, in the following years it was the office of the Landau line of de Grafenhauses. In 1750, almost all of the old chancellery files were burned during renovation work on the castle due to ignorance of their value. For a long time the upper floor served as an apartment for the valets, between the two world wars as a youth hostel and then as a rental apartment. Today the building is used and maintained by the "Archway Association". Two beautiful heraldic stones remind of the construction of the building and the last couple of counts to rule here. The three very different heads of envy on both sides of the building are also interesting .
  • Water art : A restored drinking water pumping system that pumped drinking water from 1535 to 1981 from the Watter to the Landauer Berg 65 meters higher in the city. Today, in the summer months, it feeds the historicizing Marktkump (fountain), which stands on the market square at the entrance to the churchyard or schoolyard.
  • French oak: The oak stands above Landau on the boundary with Braunsen , Elleringhausen and Volkhardinghausen . The original "French oak" was a large tree, of which the imposing stump could still be seen until the mid-1920s, in a place steeped in history. In the mid-1990s, a new oak was planted nearby. Celebrations take place here regularly.

  • Landau Castle

  • Former forge at the top gate

  • Archway from the east

  • Leaning wine house

  • Kump of historical water art

  • Kump in the marketplace

Personalities

literature

  • Robert Wetekam : Landau - The story of a Waldeck fortress town. Landau: City administration 1964
  • Robert Wetekam: Ortssippenbuch Landau, Waldeck in Hessen . Frankfurt am Main: German Working Group on Genealogical Associations 1962 (= Waldeckische Ortssippenbücher 9)
  • Working group "Chronik": Landau - The story second part. Chronicle from 1994
  • Werner Reiter: The water art from 1535 in Landau / Waldeck. 2nd expanded edition, 1995
  • Götz J. Pfeiffer: The late medieval console busts in the Protestant church in Landau. Do citizens portray themselves as the bearers of their church? , in: Geschichtsblätter für Waldeck , Vol. 98 (2010), pp. 68–88.
  • Ralph Busch: Landau, Bühle and Volkhardinghausen - A journey through pictures into the past. Illustrated book with approx. 200 historical photos, supplement to the chronicle, 2011
  • Literature about Landau in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Wikisource: Landau in Merian's Topographia Hassiae  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bad Arolsen. The versatile spa at Twistesee introduces itself. (PDF; 308 kB) In: Press kit. Stadt Bad Arolsen, p. 11 , archived from the original on October 19, 2016 ; accessed in October 2018 .
  2. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the districts of Frankenberg and Waldeck (GVBl. II 330-23) of October 4, 1973 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1973 No. 25 , p. 359 , § 1 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2,3 MB ]).
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 409 .
  4. ↑ a b c Landau, Waldeck-Frankenberg district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).