Landkölsch

The term Landkölsch or the older Landkölnisch denotes a number of dialect variants of Central Ripuarian , which are spoken in the closer and partly further area around the city of Cologne . In contrast, Stadtkölsch summarizes the hardly distinguishable dialect variants in the urban area.

Designations

In general, speakers use a name for their own language that is derived from the place where they are at home. This is placed as a possessive adjective before " Platt ", for example Pulemer Platt from Pulheim or et Nüßer Platt from Neuss . In individual cases one does not believe to see any difference and calls their own rural Cologne dialect "Kölsch", a view that is usually not shared by the townspeople.

Delimitations

Because the city was expanded in several stages, some of the dialects that were formerly Landkölsch have been incorporated into the city dialect, for example in the south in Raderthal and Raderberg or in all of Cologne's formerly Bergisch eastern areas, which include Mülheim , Kalk , Porz and the neighboring districts .

The other Landkölschen dialects, despite many similarities with Stadtkölschen, differ quite clearly when the city lies between them due to the large distance that defines the city. On the other hand, there are considerably fewer differences between spatially neighboring dialects. This is typical of the dialect continuum of the Rhineland and the West Central German languages .

Phonologically , the differences between them can usually be identified as gradual, gradual shifts in sound in vowels , often in differently realized consonants or certain existing or missing variants in allophones . Lexical distinctions are usually less obvious than the semantic distinctions that occur with certain words and sometimes lead to widely differing connotations .

South and southwest of Cologne

In the southwest and west of Cologne, a clearly recognizable language border runs practically on the city limits. It marks the first transition to the western Ripuarian of the western Rhineland. With the arrival of Cologne residents in the surrounding area and the general transition from dialect to regiolect as a colloquial language , it seems to be gradually fading. There are clear phonological distinctions. In Hurth and the surrounding villages, the "R" is very common and in many positions with a stammer as voiced alveolar Vibrant spoken, so as [⁠ r ⁠] . In the city Kölschen contrast, there are only the grated "R" [⁠ ʀ ⁠] , also "R" in some positions in the city Kölschen rather not, however, often in Hürther Platt from a very short unstressed marble-e [⁠ ə ⁠ ] followed, as in Kirrsch / Kirresch [ kɘʀˑʃ ] / [ kɘrə˘ʃ ] (Church), but then the city Kolsche "R" is comparatively longer. Some unstressed "E" in Stadtkölschen appear shifted in the Hürth dialect in the direction of "Ö", which becomes stronger and stronger further south and west into the Eifel . There are a number of semantic differences between the city language and the dialects of the Hürth towns. Most of them show an older language level in the surrounding area compared to the city. In the country around Hürth, people usually prefer to talk about the Köngk (child), because the Panz (child) preferred in the city today still has a number of negative associations, such as dirty, naughty and the like, that it no longer has in the city .

In the southern part of this area the transitions to the foothills of the Ville can be found, which is characterized by an extremely hard and articulate pronunciation and - fittingly - the elimination of the "soft" and voiced allophones of the (city) Cologne language. If you say övver der Bärsch erövver in the city , övver der Bärj_erövver (over the mountain) - "Berg" ends with one of the three position-dependent allophones [ ʃ, ʒ, ʝ ] - this changes to övver der Bärresch at the city limits erövver - "mountain" ends with one of two allophones [ ʃ, ʒ ] - and the front foothills, for example in Walberberg , already rather övver the Pârresch erövver - it is only [⁠ ʃ ⁠] as a final position available.

In Rodenkirchen , in parts of the Rhein-Erft district and in Bonn , Kölsche [ o ] is implemented as [ ʊ ], in these areas it is called hä sult (he should) instead of hä should .

West of Cologne

The industrial city of Frechen ( Wrääjschem , Wraischem ) begins immediately to the west of the south-western Cologne city limits near Horbell and has a very unique way of pronunciation of its dialect. In the neighboring Hürth villages and districts of Cologne, the dialect speakers mockingly and imitating the Frechen dialect a little exaggeratedly say: En Vrääijsche, wou se met de Määijze schtääijsche (In Frechen, where they stab with the knives), which is in Stadtkölschen: En Freche, where se met de Metze steche sounds. Many simple vowels in Stadtkölschen are diphthonged and stretched in the Frechener Platt , their articulation course covers a much larger area than in Kölsch. Even in the Frechen dialect, the one-tongue "R" of the south-west of Cologne is used. The endings “-en” and “-er”, which are comparatively easy to hear and distinguish in Kölschen, sound more like [ə], a tendency that continues into Bönnsche and Eifelplatt , although Frechener Platt has an exception to to offer this rule: some final "-en" have been moved to "-em", for example in the own place name.

Large parts of the west of Cologne are now unpopulated lignite mining areas. The dialects of the villages there differ significantly from Kölschen in that almost all vowels are basically shifted towards the center, they sound more similar to "Ö" and the unstressed "E" than in Kölschen. The final "-er" in Kölschen is usually realized as a mumbled, short, Schwa -like [ ɔ˘ ] or [ ɐ̯ ]. It sounds in the west of Cologne, as in the adjacent western Hürth, as a clear [ ə˘ ]. In addition, there are additional vowel elongations compared to Stadtkölschen. Kölsch Türelür (everyday monotony) already sounds Tüürelüüe in Niederaussem . All of this continues in the west and south-west into the entire Voreifel and into the north-western Eifel. Another characteristic is already West Ripuarian: If the Cologne native says jemaat (made), it is called jemäät from the Cologne Vorerftland to Aachen and in parts of the North West Eifel .

The Cologne districts of Weiden and Lövenich , which were incorporated in 1975, have some of the above features. While it is called jlöijve (to believe) in Stadtkölschen , there is already talk of jlööve in these districts and in the Rhein-Erft district . The vowels [ ɛː ] and [ o ] are also spoken longer in the west of Cologne ; so the words do häs (you have) and grandma become do hääs and Ooma . Even the Kölsche diphthong [⁠ eɪ ⁠] becomes [ e: ] ( steiht - stands ) (he is).

Exemplary differences between Stadtkölsch and the variants west of Cologne

Stadtkölsch	Willows u. Lövenich	Rhein-Erft district
each (usually; open Ö)	each (closed Ö)	each (closed Ö)
must (must; short Ü)	-	size (closed Ö)
jlöijve (believe)	jlööve (closed Ö)	jlööve (closed Ö)
irjendwann (sometime), met (with)		örjendwann (closed Ö), möt (closed Ö)
huh ((you) have)	huh	-
i (i)		ech (with Schwa )
ëimol (once)	eemol	eemol
ë one (one)	ään
Dark (window)		Winster

Left of the Rhine north of Cologne

In the north of Cologne, where the former villages of Roggendorf and Thenhoven and a few other small ones and the former mayor of Worringen were added to the city in 1922, the dialects known as Landkölsch extend to about the center of the city of Neuss . There, with the Benrath line, the dialect border to the Lower Franconian language area runs , at least according to the reading of the somewhat older science. Others see it in the Uerdinger line in the north of Krefeld . However, the two lines meet in the east near Wuppertal and then stay together until today's Poland.

In the north of Cologne, the particularly long long vowels of Kölschen tend to be a little shorter. You are thus approaching the East Limburg region bordering to the north between the above-mentioned isoglosses . A few are already becoming diphthongs, which also fits in with this transition.

Right of the Rhine north of Cologne

Op de schäl Sick , on the right, Bergisch , Rhine side, Cologne doesn’t extend as far to the north as on the left. Here the neighboring city of Leverkusen is completely opposite the Cologne city area. The incorporation of what was then Leverkusen into Cologne,originally wantedby the North Rhine-Westphalian state parliament and politically failed in 1974,would have been unproblematic from a linguistic point of view. The Leverkusener Platt ispractically indistinguishablefrom the Kölsch in neighboring Mülheim , which had only come to Cologne a good 60 years earlier.

East of Cologne

Even the Stadtkölnische east of the Rhine is different from the left-bank a little by the rounded vowel - phoneme / ⁠ o ⁠ / and / ⁠ ø / ⁠ there a little closed are pronounced. The more you look, from the Rhine particularly at the southern end of the city, such as in Rösrath , the closer they come to Phonen [⁠ u ⁠] and [⁠ y ⁠] until this in the southwestern Bergisch Land bit further also reach up in the valleys of the Agger , Bröl and Sülz . If you say and write in the west and center of the cathedral city still op Jöck (on the way, traveling) with the closed "O" and "Ö", it is very clear in the area around Waldbröl : up Jück .

Southeast of Cologne

A similar gradual shift of the open "O" - "E" -Paares is also observed from the southeast suburbs of Cologne, in the direction of victory mouth and to the underlying dialect limit. This is often accompanied by a change in vowel length. The kölsche wood, (je) woode (became, became) with a long closed "O" is written and spoken in Troisdorf or Siegburger Platt wudd, (je) wudde . The clear “I”, which is not very common in Cologne, often shifts to the “E” in the south, wigger, widder (further, again) are then called wegger, wedder , the latter similar to the Hürth area on the other side of the Rhine. Some Stadtkölsche diphthongs become long monophthongs in southeastern Landkölschen . For example, the Dutch- sounding words Deil, Deich (part, dough) are called Deel, Deech at the bottom victory . In comparison to the city center, many Cologne words have additional, often emotion-related secondary meanings. This is similar to the opposite side of the Rhine towards the foothills or the local dialects of Hürth . For example, in Cologne, hibbelich usually only means “restless, fidgety”, maybe even “intrusive”, while north of the lower Sieg “uncomfortable, unsympathetic” are added, which ultimately even predominate further south. The Stadtkölsche understands by huddel only disorder, at best mismanagement from lackluster, in the Hennef area the meaning of Hóddel there is already rather "dizziness".

literature

• Rhenish dictionary , commissioned by the Prussian Academy of Sciences , the Society for Rhenish History and the Provincial Association of the Rhine Province .
  • Volume I, A – D, ed. by Josef Müller, Bonn, 1928.
  • Volume II, E – G, ed. by Josef Müller, Berlin, 1931.
  • Volume III, H-J, ed. by Josef Müller, Berlin, 1935.
  • Volume IV, K, ed. by Josef Müller, Berlin, 1938.
  • Volume V, L-M, ed. by Josef Müller, Berlin, 1941.
  • Volume VI, N-Q, ed. by Josef Müller, Berlin, 1944.
  • Volume VII, R-Sch, ed. by Karl Meisen, Berlin, 1948–1958.
  • Volume VIII, Se-T, ed. by Karl Meisen, Berlin, 1958–1964.
  • Volume IX, U – Z, based on preliminary work by Josef Müller, Berlin, 1964–1971.
• Georg Cornelissen , Peter Honnen and Fritz Langensiepen : The Rheinische Platt: An inventory (Rhenish dialects) . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7927-0689-X
• Anton Frambach, Norbert Esser : Erftländer vocabulary, words, expressions, terms, idioms in the Ripuarian dialect. Association of Heimatfreunde von Niederaussem and Auenheim eV (Ed.) 2 volumes, Bergheim, 1991.
• Hans Bruchhausen, Heinz Feldhoff: Us Platt kalle un verstonn - dialect dictionary Lützenkirchen - Quettingen . Bergisch Gladbach, 2005. ISBN 3-87314-410-7
• Helmut Fischer : Dictionary of the lower victory. Rhenish dialects - contributions to the vernacular from the Rhenish landscapes Volume 4, Bergisch Gladbach, 1985. ISBN 3-7927-0783-7
• Martin Fuß: Bachemer Platt - an acoustic documentation of the dialect of Niederbachem and Oberbachem . With 24 voice recordings on one CD. Verlag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg, 2001. ISBN 3-87710-320-0

Sources and Notes

1. ↑ ^{a b} page 33 in Georg Cornelissen , Peter Honnen and Fritz Langensiepen : Das Rheinische Platt: An inventory (Rheinische Mundarten) . Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1989, ISBN 3-7927-0689-X
2. ↑ in the double meaning of a not very serious warning of possible knife stabbing as well as the statement that there are clumsily stabbed with knives, but not cut
3. ^ Page 544 in Christa Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen: The Cologne dictionary. Bachem publishing house Cologne. 2nd edition, 2005. ISBN 3-7616-1942-1
4. ↑ see page 184 in the " Erftländer Sprachschatz "
5. ↑ see page 108 in the " Erftländer Sprachschatz "
6. ↑ Christina Bhatt, Alice Herrwegen, Caroline Reher: Op Kölsch gesaht . Ed .: Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch / SK Stiftung Kultur. 1st edition. Dabbelju-Verlag, Cologne 2018, ISBN 978-3-939666-36-3 , pp. 158-169 .
7. ↑ see e.g. B. Volume 2, page 258 and Volume 1, page 390 in Adam Wrede : Neuer kölnischer Sprachschatz . Greven-Verlag, Cologne 1956–1958.
   1. Volume A - J , ISBN 3-7743-0155-7 .
   2. Volume K - R , ISBN 3-7743-0156-5 .
   3. Volume S - Z , ISBN 3-7743-0157-3 .
8. ↑ This could be seen, for example, in the broadcast of the same name on WDR television on the posters there.
9. ↑ see pages 423 and 425 in the " Dictionary of the lower victory "
10. ↑ see page 54 in the " Dictionary of Lower Victory "
11. ↑ compare this conversation in discussion: Kölsch (language) .
12. ↑ see page 155 in the " Dictionary of Lower Victory "