Ladder Mountain
| Ladder Mountain | ||
|---|---|---|
| height | 507 m above sea level NN | |
| location | District of Kaiserslautern , Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany | |
| Mountains | Palatinate Forest | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 22 '37 " N , 7 ° 51' 49" E | |
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| Type | Back mountain | |
| rock | Lower Middle and Upper Buntsandstein ( Rehberg and Schlossbergschichten; Karlstalschichten) | |
| Age of the rock | 251–243 million years | |
| particularities | Core zone in the Palatinate Forest-Northern Vosges biosphere reserve | |
The Leiterberg is a 507 meter high mountain in the Palatinate Forest 1.5 km northeast of the Stüterhof , a district of Waldleiningen . It is located entirely within the district of Waldleiningen and is in the Kaiserslautern district in Rhineland-Palatinate . On its summit is the so-called Leiterberger Platte with a wet biotope that is fed by groundwater.
geography
Geographical location
The Leiterberg is located in the Middle Palatinate Forest about 3 kilometers southwest of Waldleiningen on the northern edge of the High Palatinate Forest or the Frankenweide , a high plateau that joins the Weißenberg (610 m above sea level ), Hortenkopf (606 m above sea level), Mosisberg (610 m above sea level) . NHN) and the Eschkopf (609 m above sea level) carries the four highest elevations of the inner Palatinate Forest. It is located on an elongated ridge that branches off about 2 km northeast of the Riesenberg (514 m above sea level) from the Palatinate main watershed , extends to Lambrecht and separates the drainage systems from Speyer and Hochspeyerbach .
geomorphology
Based on Geiger's typology of mountain forms in the Palatinate Forest, the Leiterberg is an inconspicuous ridge mountain that is embedded in the extensive system of elongated ridges of the inner Palatinate Forest. This is also confirmed by the georeferential parameters of dominance and notch height , which have only very low values. Its dominance is only 2 kilometers, as the closest higher mountain (Giant Mountain) can be found at exactly this distance. In addition, the Leiterberg and Riesenberg are only accessible through a shallow hollow ( "Scharte" ) with a height of 502 m above sea level. NHN separated from each other, so that the notch height as the difference between the heights of Mulde and Leiterberg assumes the minimum value of 5 meters.
Waters
As the northern branch of the Frankenweide, the Leiterberg receives relatively high amounts of precipitation with around 950 mm of annual precipitation and is the source area of several smaller rivers. Several springs arise especially on its upper western slope, one of which is set as the " Haidhaldbrunnen ". At the foot of the Leiterberg there is also the Stüterbächel spring in the “Stüter Loch”; from here the Stüterbächel flows about 2.5 kilometers in a northerly direction after taking up various tributaries. The small stream was originally the uppermost part of the Leinbach , but now seeps into a meadow after passing a fish pond, so that the source and course of the Leinbach had to be determined differently. The Weltersbach rises south-east of the Leiterberg and flows into the Speyerbach after about 3 kilometers near the hamlet of Mückenwiese .
A hydrological specialty of the Leiterberg is the Leiterberger Platte, which is located in its summit area. It is a wet biotope with a pond that has been declared one of the core zones in the Palatinate Forest-Northern Vosges biosphere reserve and therefore enjoys special protection. Wolfgang Bertram wrote the essay “A pond on the Leiterberg near the Stüterhof in the Palatinate Forest” in the Landauer Anzeiger on September 17, 1931, and even then went into the special hydrology of the mountain.
geology
The Leiterberg is primarily formed by the rock layers of the Lower , Middle and Upper Buntsandstein , which were deposited at the beginning of the Triassic (251–243 million years) in predominantly desert conditions.
Here are up to a height of 400 m above sea level. NHN rocks of the Lower Buntsandstein opened up, with formations of the Rehberg and Schlossberg layers forming the surface. In these rock layers, small-scale rock zones alternate with thin clay layers, with the latter often acting as a source horizon (see bodies of water ). These are often red, partly scree-bearing sandstones of different grain sizes , which, especially in higher areas, have a finer-grained, less crystallized structure and are therefore less resistant to weathering.
From a height of about 400 m above sea level. These rocks are covered by the younger formations of the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein. Particularly characteristic are the formations of the Karlstal strata , which consist of heavily silicified, quartzite- bound medium and coarse sandstones and often come to the surface in the Karlstal rock zone as hard boulders with a diameter of several meters, as in the Karlstal . These characteristic rock formations ("sea of rocks") cannot be proven in the area of the Leiterberg; they are overlaid by further series of rocks of the Middle and Upper Buntsandstein, which are more clayey in the upper area and therefore have a water-retaining effect. The same can be seen particularly in the area of the Leiterberger Platte, where these conditions in connection with frequent precipitation led to the formation of a wet biotope with a pond.
Core zone in the biosphere reserve
The Leiterberg and the entire adjacent area is designated as a "zone for natural development" (core zone). The “Leiterberger Platte” core zone is around 18 hectares in size. (See under Palatinate Forest Nature Park with an overview of all core zones) It is located in the Waldleiningen district in the Kaiserslautern district. The border of the area begins in the east at the common border point of the Leiterberger Hald-Leiterberger Platte department border with the district boundary of Waldleiningen and Elmstein, follows the district boundary in a south-westerly direction approx. 950 m to a path that branches off to the north, follows this on the west side approx. 10 m and then the path that branches off to the west on the north side approx. 150 m. At the next fork in the road it bends at an acute angle, continues for approx. 130 m on the southeast side of the path branching off to the northeast to a crossroads, follows the extension of the aforementioned path for another approx. 30 m to a fork in the path and from there accompanies the south-running ( on the south-east side in a north-easterly direction approx. 200 m again to a fork in the road, follow the north-running (left-branching) path on its east side approx. 280 m to the department border Luitberger Hald-Luitberger Platte and this in a south-east direction back to the starting point.
The special protection purpose of the core zones is to ensure that the natural processes are largely unaffected by humans and to protect the dynamics of natural or near-natural ecosystems including soils and rocks as well as the resulting diversity of habitats, animals and plants in the long term.
In the core zones, all actions that damage or change these rooms or otherwise impair the special protective purpose are prohibited. Entering, riding or driving on the trails marked with the approval of the upper nature conservation authority is permitted at your own risk. The approval of the upper nature conservation authority is required for all inspections outside the marked paths, in particular for the purposes of science or environmental education.
literature
- Michael Geiger et al. (Hrsg.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape . Publishing house Palatinate cultural studies, Landau / Pf. 1987, ISBN 3-9801147-1-6
- Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): Geography of the Palatinate . Publishing house Palatinate cultural studies, Landau / Pf. 2010, ISBN 978-3-9812974-0-9
- Karl Heinz: Pfalz: with Weinstrasse; Landscape, history, culture, art, folklore. Glock and Lutz Verlag, Heroldsberg 1976
- Klaus Hünerfauth: An overview of the natural and cultural landscapes of the Palatinate. In: Michael Geiger et al. (Hrsg.): Geographie der Pfalz . Publishing house Palatinate cultural studies, Landau / Pf. 2010, pp. 148-187 ISBN 978-3-9812974-0-9
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c State Office for Geology and Mining Rhineland-Palatinate: Geological overview map of Rhineland-Palatinate . Retrieved April 22, 2012
- ↑ Landscape information system of the nature conservation administration: map service, accessed on April 22, 2012
- ^ Federal Institute for Regional Studies: Geographical Land Survey. The natural space units in single sheets 1: 200,000 . Bad Godesberg 1952–1994. → Online maps * Sheet 160: Landau id Pfalz (Adalbert Pemöller 1969; 47 p.).
- ↑ a b c State Office for Surveying and Basic Geographic Information Rhineland-Palatinate (Ed.): Topographical Map 1: 25,000 Kaiserslautern Süd. Self-published, Mainz 1998
- ↑ Michael Geiger: The Palatinate Forest in a geographical overview. In: Michael Geiger et al. (Ed.): The Palatinate Forest, portrait of a landscape. Pfälzische Verlagsanstalt Landau id Pfalz 1987, p. 41
- ^ German weather service (ed.): Climate atlas of Rhineland-Palatinate. Verlag Deutscher Wetterdienst, Bad Kissingen 1957, sheet 51
- ↑ a b c Ministry for the Environment, Forests and Consumer Protection: State Ordinance on the "Palatinate Forest Nature Park" as a German part of the Palatinate Forest-Northern Vosges Biosphere Reserve, from January 22, 2007 ( Memento from July 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 856 kB Retrieved April 22, 2012