Lev Grigoryevich Deitsch

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Lev Grigoryevich Deitsch

Lev Grigorjewitsch (Leiba-Hirsch) Deitsch ( Russian Лев Григорьевич (Лейба-Гирш) Дейч , often Leo Deutsch; * September 26th July / October 8th  1855 greg. In Tultschyn ; † August 4, 1941 in Moscow ) was a Russian socialist , journalist and publicist .

Life

Deitsch came from a Jewish merchant family. He attended high school in Kiev without a degree. In 1874 he joined IF Fesenko's Narodniki club. In 1875 he volunteered for the Kiev infantry regiment and became a member of the Southern Rebels Association . In 1876 he served as a one-year volunteer in Kiev. He participated in the release of the student Lurie from prison. He went to court for leaving the service unauthorized, but escaped arrest. That year, Deitsch, WA Malinka and JW Stefanowitsch committed an attempted murder in Odessa on their comrade NJ Gorinowitsch , who was viewed as a traitor. They stabbed him and Deitsch poured sulfuric acid on his face to prevent identification. However, Gorinovich survived and testified to the police at the hospital. Malinka was found and sentenced to death by hanging for several offenses .

Along with IW Bochanowski helped Deitsch 1877 JW Stefanowitsch to organize a peasant uprising with land redistribution in the district of Chigirin on the basis of a fake Czar certificate . In September 1877 Stefanowitsch and his comrades were arrested. Their escape was managed by MF Frolenko , who posed as an inspector. Deitsch fled to St. Petersburg .

At the Voronezh Congress in 1879, Deitsch was accepted into the organization Land and Freedom in absentia . After they split up, he became a member of Black Redistribution . Deitsch emigrated in 1880 . In 1883 he founded the Russian Marxist group Liberation of Labor ( Oswoboschdenije truda ) in Geneva together with GW Plekhanov , PB Axelrod and WI Sassulitsch . Deitsch organized the printing of revolutionary literature and its smuggling into Russia.

In 1884 Deitsch was arrested in Germany for the Gorinovich murder and extradited to the Russian authorities. The military court sentenced him to 13 years and 4 months in Katorga forced labor and settling in Eastern Siberia . In 1885 he was sent to a katorga camp on the Kara River in Transbaikalia . After a shortened katorga, he married the political katorgante Marija Ananjina in the settlement of Kara in April 1896 . In 1897 they moved to Sretensk , where he worked in the 1st department of the Waterways Office. After his wife's death in January 1899, he went to Blagoveshchensk , where he was the actual editor of the Amur Region newspaper .

In 1901 Deitsch fled to Munich via Vladivostok and worked for the Iskra newspaper (Der Funke) . He was co-opted as a member of the executive board of the Foreign League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy . He participated in the publication of Iskra and Zarya (The Dawn) . He entered the office of the Organizing Committee for the Preparation of the Second Congress of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (RSDLP) in 1903. At the congress he joined the Mensheviks . In 1904 he was a delegate of the VI. International Socialist Congress in Amsterdam . In 1905 he returned to Russia. In 1906 he was arrested and exiled to the Turukhansk region. On the way to exile he fled and returned to St. Petersburg. In 1907 he went abroad again and took part in the 5th RSDLP Congress and the 7th International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart in 1907 . In the years of reaction after the Russian Revolution of 1905 , he was one of the Menshevik liquidators who wanted to act within the law.

In 1911 Deitsch went to New York with his wife Esfir Zinovieva and together with SM Ingerman took part in the publication of the magazine Nowy Mir (New World) . After a conflict over organizational problems, he gave up his involvement. 1915–1916 he published the monthly magazine Svobodnoje Slovo (The Free Word) .

After the February Revolution of 1917 , Deitsch returned to Petrograd , joined the group of right-wing Menshevik defenders and, with others, published the Menshevik newspaper Jedinstwo (Unity) . Together with Plekhanov and Sassulitsch, he called on the Social Democrats to reach an agreement with the provisional government . He was of the opinion that the country did not need a civil war because it would destroy the young freedom. He did not accept the October Revolution because the production conditions in Russia and other countries were not yet ripe for the overthrow of the capitalist system in favor of a socialist system . Until 1918 he worked for the weekly magazines Natschalo (The Beginning) and Delo (The Cause) , but soon he gave up political activity. After Plekhanov's death in 1918, he edited his work and published memoirs and essays on the history of the Russian liberation movement, including the role of the Jews . In 1928 he retired.

Publications

  • LG German: Sixteen years in Siberia. Memories of a Russian Revolutionary. (= International Library Vol. 33). Dietz, Stuttgart 1904 digitized
  • Leo Deutsch: Escaped four times. (= International Library Vol. 41). Dietz, Stuttgart 1907

Web links

Commons : Lev Grigoryevich Deitsch  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Rodovid: Лейба-Гирш Лев Григорьевич Дейч р. 26 сентябрь 1855 ум. 4 август 1941 (accessed March 10, 2017).
  2. ↑ Лев Григорьевич Дейч (Автобиография написана в дек. 1925 г. в Москве) (accessed March 10, 2017).
  3. ↑ Gheorghi Plekhanov: du groupe social programs démocrate "Libération du travail" (accessed March 9, 2017).
  4. ↑ Патронова А. Г .: Государственные преступники на Нерчинской каторге (1861–1895): Материалы к « Энциклопедии Забайкалья » . Chita 1998.
  5. ↑ Vladimir F. Wertsman: Russians . In: The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s – 1970s: Migrants from Eastern and Southeastern Europe . tape 2 , 1987, pp. 132 . , Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.
  6. ↑ Дейч, Лев Григорьевич: Роль евреев в русском революционном движении. Т. 1 . 2nd Edition. Гос. изд-во, Leningrad, Moscow 1925.
personal data
SURNAME Deitsch, Lev Grigoryevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Дейч, Лев Григорьевич (Russian); German, Leo Grigorevich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian journalist and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1855
PLACE OF BIRTH Tultschyn
DATE OF DEATH 4th August 1941
Place of death Moscow