Leopold Koželuh
Leopold Antonín Koželuh (also Leopold Anton Ko (t) zeluch ; born June 26, 1747 in Welwarn , † May 7, 1818 in Vienna ) was a Bohemian composer and music teacher .
Life
Leopold Koželuh was the son of the shoemaker and civil trader Antonín Bartholomäus Koželuh; He was baptized with the first name Ioannes Antonius. The composer Jan Antonín Koželuh (1738–1814) was his cousin, the pianist Katharina Cibbini (1785–1858) his daughter. To avoid confusion with his cousin, he probably renamed himself before 1774. On the occasion of his marriage on November 14, 1782 to Maria Allmayr von Allstern (a niece of Ignaz von Born ) he was entered in the register as "Johann Leopold Koscheluck".
Koželuh received his first artistic lessons in Welwarn from Anton Kubík and later from his cousin and Franz Xaver Dussek . He successfully attended high school in Prague and then studied law. After a few semesters, he broke off his studies and from then on devoted himself only to music.
In 1771 he made his debut with a ballet at the Theater an der Kotzen (Divadlo v Kotcích) in Prague. Over the next seven years Koželuh composed around 25 works for the Prague theater. In 1778 he went to Vienna and was probably a student of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger for a short time .
After a short time Koželuh advanced to become a celebrated pianist. The imperial court entrusted him with the successor of Georg Christoph Wagenseil as music teacher of the Archduchess Elisabeth , the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa . In 1781 Koželuh turned down the office of court organist in Salzburg as Mozart's successor . For this he became chamber music director and court composer for life after Mozart's death in 1792. He taught a few students, including the blind pianist Maria Theresia Paradis , privately at home.
Of Masonic ideas enthusiastically, joined Koželuh in Vienna the boxes to Palm Tree and The Three eagles in.
Koželuh was recognized throughout Europe during his lifetime ; in his final years he was often criticized as a prolific writer. The negative reviews by Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven have not been forgotten to this day. Nevertheless, his best works already show traces of the musical language of Ludwig van Beethoven and Franz Schubert . Indeed, some of his works have long been attributed to Beethoven.
Leopold Koželuh died in Vienna on May 7, 1818 at the age of 70 of gout .
Works
Koželuh left about 400 compositions. These include around 30 symphonies and 22 piano concertos, two clarinet concertos, a trumpet concert , 24 sonatas for piano and violin, 63 piano trios, two oratorios (including Moisé in Egitto ), nine cantatas and some church music works. His works also include six operas and six ballets, which, with the exception of one opera, are considered lost. The opera Gustav Wasa (probably composed in 1792) was first broadcast in Excerpts on Czechoslovak Radio in 1977 , but was only performed in Helsinki in 2018 , for the first time since the composer's death.
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Kozeluch, Leopold . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 13th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1865, p. 92 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Rudolf Müller: Kozeluch, Leopold . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 740 f.
- Robert Sondheimer: The theory of the symphony and the assessment of individual symphony composers among the music writers of the 18th century . Breitkopf & Härtel, Leipzig 1925.
- Milan Poštolka: Leopold Koželuh: život a dílo Státní Hudební Vydavatelství Prague 1964, (ie "Life and Work". Ie: "State Music Publishing House") contains a list of works.
- Christa Flamm: Leopold Koželuch: Biography and stylistic analysis of the sonatas for piano, violin and violoncello together with a contribution to the history of the development of the piano trio . Dissertation. Vienna 1968, OCLC 667990749 . (Copies: University of Vienna, ÖNB)
- Christa Flamm: An exchange of publisher letters during Beethoven's time. In: Beethoven Studies: The Austrian Academy of Sciences commemorates the 200th birthday of Ludwig van Beethoven. Böhlau, Vienna 1970, ISBN 3-205-03649-2 , pp. 57–110.
- Theophil Antonicek : Koželuch Leopold (Johann) Anton. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1969, p. 178.
- Franz Menges: Kozeluch, Leopold. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 629 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Robert Hanzlik: Kozeluch, family. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
Web links
- Works by and about Leopold Koželuh in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature and other media by and about Leopold Koželuh in the catalog of the National Library of the Czech Republic
- Sheet music and audio files by Leopold Koželuh in the International Music Score Library Project
- Rudolf Peĉman: A heroic ballet by Leopold Kozeluh
- John Rice: A Bohemian Composer Meets a Mozart Singer: Kozeluch's Rondò for Adriana Ferrarese
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lukáš M. Vytlačil: From Velvary, Bohemia, to the court in Vienna. The life of the imperial Kapellmeister Leopold Koželuh and a new complete edition of his keyboard sonatas. In: Czech Music Quarterly. 16/2, pp. 7-11. ( online )
- ↑ Brockhaus Encyclopedia. 19th edition. Volume 12, 1990, p. 414.
- ↑ January Granberg: Ett år tvåhundra GAMMAT operfynd. In: Hufvudstadsbladet. March 5, 2018, p. 20 , accessed May 15, 2018 (Swedish).
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Koželuh, Leopold |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Koželuh, Leopold Antonín; Kozeluch, Leopold Anton; Kotzeluch, Leopold Anton |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Bohemian-Austrian composer and music teacher |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 26, 1747 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Welwarn near Prague |
DATE OF DEATH | May 7, 1818 |
Place of death | Vienna |