Daytime running lights

Daytime running lights of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG

LED daytime running lights of the Audi R8

Daytime running lights of the BMW 3 Series Coupé

The daytime running lights ( English : Daytime Running Light ), also light on the day called, is a vehicle lighting that improve the visibility of the vehicle during the day for other road users and thus accidents by Overlook are intended to reduce. For this purpose, daytime running lights are used as a supplement to the vehicle headlights or driving light switches.

technology

Driving lights

Driving light circuits are electrical circuits with which the existing main headlights with reduced light intensity are automatically activated when the ignition is switched on in conjunction with the side and rear lights as well as license plate and dashboard lighting (Scandinavian version) or main headlights and front position lights after releasing the handbrake (North American version ). However, the light intensity must not be dimmed to the ECE-87 value of 400 candela, but only within the narrow tolerances for low beam. Most car manufacturers, such as Audi , Volkswagen and BMW , equip their new cars with such headlights, and specialist workshops offer them as a retrofit solution.

Daytime running lights (above) and normal low beam (below)

When driving lights are switched on, the low beam headlights are switched on automatically by means of a relay when the engine is running. The disadvantage of this solution is the high power consumption of the main headlights. In addition, the halogen bulbs are quite expensive, and in some vehicle models they are also very difficult to change, and the lamp wear for dashboard lighting and position light lamps is considerable.

As an alternative to the headlights, there are "modified daytime running lights". This variant switches z. B. dashboard lighting, side lights and license plate lights away or only supplies the front headlights with power during the daytime running lights. The technology of pulse width modulation also makes it possible to slightly reduce the power consumption of the front headlights used, which are intended to replace daytime running lamps (for dipped headlights or fog lights ) (the reduction must not result in a reduction in luminosity below the tolerances of the ECE). In Canada z. B. in addition, 70% of the high beam is supplied with a significantly greater reduction in current; this reduction results in a luminosity that approximately corresponds to that of daytime running lights according to ECE 87.

In the case of xenon lamps , the options for extending the service life are significantly limited; xenon lamps are arc lamps and always require the full power required to prevent the arc from "breaking off". Here, the number of ignition processes can only be drastically reduced with a well thought-out circuit logic. The most short-lived components in xenon lamps are not the lamps themselves, but the control modules with the high-voltage generator . These components usually have half the life of a xenon lamp.

Daytime running lights

Daytime running lights are weak, low- consumption and long-lasting lights that are less luminous than the low beam , but shine four times as intensely as the front white clearance lights (which is often also the parking light ). The technical standard No. 87 of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) provides for a light intensity of at least 400 candela per lamp for daytime running lights . This makes the vehicle easier to see, but the road cannot be illuminated. Daytime running lights are only directed towards the front. Depending on the market, e.g. in the European Union , Switzerland or Scandinavia , daytime running lights must be installed ex works for all cars.

Daytime running lights as a universal retrofit set

Daytime running lights can be used universally or designed in such a way that they are only suitable for retrofitting certain vehicles. Either incandescent lamps (with outputs between 5 and 21 watts ) or LEDs are used .

When using such a retrofit solution, the maximum power consumption is between 10 and 42 watts for both daytime running lights. Parking lights, tail lights, dashboard lights and rear license plate lights remain dark and therefore do not wear out. When the normal headlights are switched on, the daytime running lights must be switched off automatically.

Halogen lamps for daytime running lights are available in special versions with an extended service life of 1000 or more hours.
LEDs have a lifespan of up to 100,000 hours.

LED daytime running lights in operation

Daytime running lights that meet the requirements of ECE Directive No. 87 ensure the desired signaling effect in road traffic. Low beam would be brighter, but not necessary. The use of daytime running lights is not about maximum, but about optimal signaling.

Mounted LED daytime running lights

The known problems associated with the installation of additional high beam and fog lights cannot be transferred to (LED) daytime running lights. Although there are often no suitable places to accommodate additional high beam or fog lights on modern cars, modern LED daytime running lights are much smaller, the size of the illuminated area must be at least 25 cm² according to ECE-R87 and may be a maximum of 200 cm². Retrofitting is also not so difficult, because LED daytime running lights in particular do not require mountings that are subject to high mechanical stress due to the use of lightweight plastics and can often be screwed onto or under the plastic bumper more easily.

Retrofitting according to R48 / R87 / R97

According to the ECE-R48 regulation, when installing separate daytime running lights, some regulations regarding the installation location and the mode of operation must be observed:

Installation location: vehicle front
Distance from the floor: minimum 250 mm, maximum 1500 mm
Distance between the lights: with a vehicle width of more than 1300 mm at least 600 mm, otherwise at least 400 mm
Distance between the vehicle outer edges and daytime running light, as the position lamp are used: a maximum of 400 mm
Daytime running lights must switch off automatically when the low beam is activated and must not light up together with the parking lights, low beam or high beam (exception: headlight flasher or when used as a dimmed parking light).
If the dimmed daytime running lights are also used as position lights, the standard parking lights on the front of the vehicle must be deactivated.
The lights must have an (E) number and the designation RL.

All distance information relates to the edge of the illuminated area of the daytime running lights.

Retrofitting according to R7

Daytime running lights can also have an R7 marking, in which case there is a difference in their function compared to normal daytime running lights with an R87 marking:

Combined clearance and daytime running lights must automatically dim in their output when the low beam is activated and must not shine at full brightness together with the low beam or high beam (exception: headlight flasher).
As clearance lights (or parking lights), they must be attached as far outside the vehicle as possible and, because of their combined function as parking lights, a maximum of 35 cm deep.
Too many parking lights and clearance lights must not be installed at the front. The European standard provides for two clearance lights, the German StVO § 51 speaks of "Two additional marker lights that must be part of the headlights are permitted".

Important according to StVZO: ECE regulation 48, which is also recognized by Austria, specifies the attachment of daytime running lights to the front of the vehicle in terms of height, width, longitudinal direction, geometric visibility, alignment and switching in the current version from 1995 under item 6.19.4 .

Daytime running lights must comply with ECE regulation 87 and bear the code letter RL (stands for "Running Light"), otherwise this counts as a significant defect in a general inspection and the compensation can be reduced in the comprehensive insurance if there is a causal connection in the event of an accident can be proven. The approval of LED strips as daytime running lights has made retrofitting easier, as there are suitable installation openings in many front panels. In the case of LED daytime running lights, some of which are offered very cheaply, attention must be paid to approval according to R87, since non-compliant so-called LED daytime running lights are also available in stores for "show purposes".

Legislation

Europe

Countries with daytime running lights for cars and trucks: blue : all year round, on all roads; light blue : all year round, but only out of town; green : on all roads in winter; light green : all year round, but only in parts

Approval number according to ECE-R87 with RL ( running lights ) on the luminaire glass. Lights without RL marking are not permitted as daytime running lights.

The general rule is: daytime running lights may only light up on their own or be switched on with the parking lights . A combination with the low beam is not permitted. This means that daytime running lights and dipped headlights must never shine together.

An exception are vehicles in which the daytime running lights are 100 percent luminous and when the dipped headlights are switched on, the daytime running lights are dimmed to the parking light level, so they are legally considered parking lights or side lights and are also permitted in combination with the low beam. This solution is now also offered for retrofitting. Retrofitted daytime running lights must be at least 25 centimeters from the ground and no more than 40 centimeters from the outer edge of the vehicle. The distance between the lights must be at least 60 centimeters for vehicles with a width of more than 1.30 meters.

The daytime running light regulations are very different in European countries. Some countries such as Belarus , Great Britain , Ireland , Luxembourg , Monaco , the Netherlands , Turkey and Cyprus do not specify any light regulations or have even repealed such a regulation in the meantime ( Austria , see below). In some countries daytime running lights are mandatory, in others prohibited, in still others only recommended. Sometimes there are different regulations for motorcycles and for multi-track vehicles.

Even in countries with compulsory lights, driving with lights is regulated differently during the day. For example, Bosnia and Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Slovenia , Spain and the Czech Republic require that you carry replacement bulbs.

According to Commission Directive 2008/89 / EC of September 24, 2008 amending Council Directive 76/756 / EEC and adapting it to UN / ECE Regulation No. 48, all new vehicle types and Newly coming into circulation motor vehicles for passenger transport with four wheels and a maximum of eight seats (except for the driver's seat) (M1) and motor vehicles for goods transport with at least four wheels and a permissible total weight of up to 3.5 t (N1) in the European Union with daytime running lights be equipped to obtain an operating license or a European type approval ( ECE homologation ). Since August 7, 2012, daytime running lights have been mandatory for all other new vehicle models.

Countries in which daytime running lights are required for car and truck drivers (as of August 2010)
country	Daytime running lights	dimmed headlights	Fog lights	Remarks	Fine for violation
Bosnia and Herzegovina				On all roads, all year round	15 €
Bulgaria				On all roads, all year round	50 BGN 26 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Denmark			Only with good visibility and with parking light	On all roads, all year round	1000 DKK 135 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Estonia			Tolerated	On all roads, all year round	190 €
Finland			Tolerated	On all roads, all year round	50 €
Iceland			Tolerated	On all roads, all year round	5000 ISK 30 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Italy			Tolerated	Only on motorways and out of town, all year round	Min. 40 €
Croatia			Tolerated	On all streets, from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March	Min. 300 HRK 40 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Latvia			Tolerated	On all roads, all year round	7 €
Lithuania	Tolerated		Tolerated	On all roads, all year round	Up to € 15
Moldova			?	On all roads from November to March of the following year	Min. 200 MDL 10 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Montenegro				on all roads, all year round	30 €
North Macedonia				On all roads, all year round	35 €
Norway				on all roads, all year round	Min. 2000 NOK 205 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Poland			Tolerated	On all roads, all year round	250 PLN 60 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Portugal				on individual routes, all year round	Min. 60 €
Romania				Only on motorways and out of town, all year round	80 RON 17 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Russia				all year round on all roads	Up to around € 200
Sweden				On all roads, all year round	500 SEK 50 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Switzerland				On all roads, all year round	40 CHF 35 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Serbia				On all roads, all year round	300 RSD 25 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Slovakia				On all roads, all year round	approx. € 20 to € 60
Slovenia				On all roads, all year round	Min. 40 €
Czech Republic				On all roads, all year round	2000 CZK 80 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
Hungary				Only on motorways and out of town, all year round	10,000 HUF 30 € ${\ displaystyle \ approx}$
country	Daytime running lights	dimmed headlights	Fog lights	Remarks	Fine for violation

Regulations in the respective states

Sign at the entrance of a forest area in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

In Germany and France there is only the recommendation for drivers to drive with lights on during the day. On October 31, 2003, Section 49a (5) of the German Road Traffic Licensing Regulations (StVZO) was amended to include daytime running lights. Activated fog lights , however, are in Germany, France and Switzerland without a compelling reason of turning such. B. fog, rain or snowfall, prohibited. According to § 17 Para. 2a, StVO , motorcycles must also be on the road during the day with the low beam or daytime running lights switched on. Since February 2011, all newly typed car and van models in the European Union must be equipped with daytime running lights.

In Austria , from November 15, 2005 to December 31, 2007, either daytime running lights or dipped headlights were required (from April 15, 2006, fog lights were also required if they are integrated into the front of the vehicle and not retrofitted). Dimming according to ECE regulation No. 87 was also permitted. After the number of accidents in Austria rose sharply in 2007, massive doubts about the sensibility of an obligation to use daytime running lights were raised by some experts, politicians and traffic clubs, as well as by many motorists, and discussions about abolishing or amending the regulation. Since January 1, 2008, the compulsory light for day trips has been lifted again. The obligation to use lights remains unchanged in poor visibility and darkness. Driving only with parking lights (parking lights) is permitted in Austria in good visibility.

In Hungary it is sufficient for the legislator that only the parking lights ( parking lights ) are used when visibility is good .

In Greece , cars are not allowed to switch on the low beam during the day. Exceptions apply in poor visibility conditions and for vehicles with automatic low beam. For example, a very bright daytime running light with a scattering beam of light can be classified as unlawful by Greek law enforcement agencies and a penalty can be applied. However, there is no legal provision that absolutely prohibits daylight in Greece.

In Italy , Romania and Hungary , a light requirement applies all year round outside of town.

In Croatia , the year-round lighting requirement that had been in effect since 2004 was abolished in 2009. Light during the day is only required during winter time, from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday in March of the following year.

In many other countries, special daytime running lights are permitted on the front of the vehicle on the basis of the current legal situation: According to Section 19 (1) StVZO, the installation of lighting and signaling devices on motor vehicles follows the applicable European ECE regulations.

For lights and daytime running lights, the ECE regulation R48 / R87 in the version valid since 1995 applies here. It allows two lights on motor vehicles and, under item 6.19.4, defines the arrangement on the front of the vehicle (in terms of width, height, lengthways direction, geometric visibility and alignment). This regulation applies in all European countries that recognize the ECE regulations. The ECE regulation No. 87 prescribes among other things:

Strength between 400 and 800 candelas per headlight
White light
automatic switch-on with the ignition
It must be possible to switch the daytime running lights on and off automatically without the use of tools.
Automatic switch-off when the parking lights or headlights are switched on (this does not apply when using the headlight flasher ).

In addition, the amendment to § 49a StVZO came into effect on October 31, 2003 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 2085, 2087 ). Under the newly added point 5, daytime running lights operated alone (without rear lights switched on at the same time ) are now also permitted on the basis of national law.

Special daytime running lights must be approved in accordance with the technical regulation ECE-R87 and have the letter combination “RL” in the approval mark on the cover lens.

North America

In Canada, the registration regulations were changed on January 1, 1990, which require daylight for all newly registered vehicles. Originally, the technical regulations were to be based on the Scandinavian regulations, which would have allowed a maximum of 1500 candelas. The vehicle manufacturers complained, however, that the additional equipment with its own lamp sets would be too expensive. Finally, a permit was introduced to operate the normal headlights with lower voltage in a daylight circuit, which can then reach up to 7000 candela. In addition, the daylight may also be yellowish, which allows the use of indicators and marker lights for the purpose of daytime running lights.

After daylight had been enforced for all new vehicle registrations in Canada, General Motors asked the US traffic authorities to allow the same regulations so that only one model range had to be produced for the North American market. Originally, this regulation was rejected because the (bright) daytime running lights are ascribed a glare effect, but daylight was finally allowed in 1995 in accordance with the Canadian regulations. After complaints arose, including the dazzling effect of headlights and the possibility of confusion when using flashing lights, the regulations have been revised since 1997, and it was proposed to reduce the light density to 1500 candelas - i.e. precisely in accordance with the original Canadian proposal and at a comparable level with the European regulations. However, this proposal was withdrawn in 2004.

Other countries

Daylight lamps are permitted in Australia , but there is no compulsory daytime running light - this has been abolished to protect the weaker road users.

In Kenya there is compulsory light during the day.

In Namibia there is a light requirement during the day outside of built-up areas, a violation against it costs 2000 N $ (~ 140 €, as of December 29, 2016).

Influence on road safety

Daytime running lights (6 watts each) in the backlight

The safety effects of daytime running lights have been and are controversially discussed in specialist circles. In some cases, studies have shown clearly positive effects on road safety; on the other hand, there is fear of danger to unprotected road users - especially motorcyclists. Most of the previous studies on the subject of daytime running lights do not provide reliable data. This applies to both the pro and the contra studies and may be. a. the complexity of the topic and the associated high experimental effort in order to obtain statistically significant results. The transfer of knowledge from other countries and the derivation of prospective security effects on Germany remain questionable in most cases.

The Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) has determined in a conservative calculation that the benefits of a general introduction of daytime running lights in Germany would be 1.6 times the costs. With the use of special daytime running lights it would even be three times as much. With the introduction of LED daytime running lights, the value increases fourfold. The study draws the data from various foreign studies. The then Federal Minister of Transport, Manfred Stolpe , recommended driving with lights on from October 1, 2005.

However, the study did not take into account the immaterial damage suffered by weaker road users (pain from physical injuries, suffering from disabilities).

The ADAC initially considered compulsory car lights to be superfluous during the day. In ADAC-Motorwelt 1/2006 , however, referring to the BASt study, the club expressly advocated the general introduction of daytime running lights and demanded that the dipped headlights be switched on for the transition period until all vehicles are equipped with such driving lights .

Long-term statistics from the UN Economic Commission for Europe from 1970 to 1988 show no advantages of compulsory lighting.

In contrast, a comprehensive survey of 24 independent studies carried out for Switzerland in 2000 and carried out in nine countries between 1960 and 1996 showed a positive impact on road safety, particularly in Norway, Sweden and Finland. This is mainly due to the fact that in the Nordic countries the long periods of twilight used to be very accident-prone.

In Austria, in autumn 2007, the parliament was concerned with the abolition of the obligation to “light a day” that had existed since November 2005. It was abolished again from 2008, although its use was not expressly prohibited. Studies have shown that the "light by day" measure did not result in any overall safety gain, increased CO ₂ emissions and burdened drivers with an average of 50 euros per year. The ultimate reason for this measure, however, was a perception-physiological study which, for the first time, showed by means of eye movement measurements what many light-a-day opponents claim and what had been objected earlier by ophthalmologists: the light fixes on for that Directly in front of the own vehicle insignificant information, which worsens the reaction to suddenly occurring hazards.

A study by the accident research of the insurers (UDV) from the year 2011 could not find any significant positive effects on traffic safety through daytime running lights. However, after extensive series of tests in the light tunnel, in the driving simulator and in real road traffic, no negative safety-relevant influences on weaker road users could be registered.

The influence on unlit road users, e.g. B. Cyclists and pedestrians. Their perception threshold is reduced when drivers are conditioned to rely on active daytime running lights. The danger for unlit road users therefore increases significantly.

The introduction of daytime running lights was also controversial among motorcyclists' associations, as motorbikes were driven with dipped headlights during the day as a unique selling point. Since the silhouette of a motorcyclist from the front in relation to his approaching speed is much more difficult to perceive than that of a two-lane vehicle, it makes sense to use the switched-on headlight as a "perception amplifier", especially since there are not so many motorcyclists in the street scene that a quick blunting effect this perception would be expected. Specifically, motorcyclists fear that they will be disadvantaged by the widespread introduction of daytime running lights at the latest and that their share in the number of accidents will rise again.

Energy consumption and maintenance costs

When using the normal lighting system, the output of headlights, license plate and instrument lighting adds up to 150 to 200 watts, depending on the vehicle model. Since the generator has to provide this additional power, fuel consumption increases. The extent of the additional consumption depends heavily on the driving profile. The mean value given by TÜV Rheinland and the Federal Highway Research Institute is 0.2 l per 100 km for cars with gasoline engines and 0.14 l per 100 km for cars with diesel engines. A modern diesel engine consumes around 300 g / kWh under unfavorable operating conditions, i.e. 60 g / h, in optimum operation only 40 g / h, i.e. around 0.05 l / h. With an efficiency between diesel engine and light source (i.e. above all loss of the generator) of 75% and an average speed of 50 km / h, the best case scenario is (0.05 l / h * 1/50 km / h * 1/0 , 75 * 100 km =) 0.133 l / 100 km, with a non-optimal operating point and correspondingly higher for gasoline engines (the average annual mileage of a car in Germany is 16,500 km).

LED daytime running lights currently available have less than 10 watts, i.e. 95% less consumption compared to conventional lighting after deducting unnecessary lighting equipment. The fuel equivalent drops to a value of 0.01 l / 100 km to 0.02 l / 100 km.

Web links

Commons : daytime running lights - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wiktionary: daytime running lights - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

↑ Daytime running lights - is this lighting already mandatory in Germany? , Catalog of fines 2019, last updated on January 11, 2019

↑ Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development - Vehicle Technical Regulations R-87, Revision 1 - Change 5 - Paragraph 8 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.6 MB)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bmvbs.de

↑ UNECE: Regulation No. 48 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN / ECE). (PDF) Uniform conditions for the approval of the vehicles with regard to the installation of the lighting and light signal devices. (No longer available online.) In: bmvi.de. Official Journal of the European Union, January 30, 2011, pp. 57–58 , archived from the original on August 4, 2014 ; accessed on June 23, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Lights on - even during the day: daytime running lights are mandatory for new cars from today ( memento of the original from December 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , European Commission press release, February 7, 2011 @1@ 2

↑ DIRECTIVE 2008/89 / EC OF THE COMMISSION of September 24, 2008 (PDF)

↑ Daytime running light regulations in Europe , Autokiste.de, overview of the daytime driving regulations in European countries; last updated in June 2017

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^{aa Lighting} requirement in Europe - as of June 2014 , ADAC website , accessed on June 26, 2014.

↑ 5000 ISK is approx. € 7.35 (April 2019)

↑ Safety - compulsory lighting in Europe - This applies in European countries . Auto Bild , as of May 2010, accessed on April 27, 2019.

↑ Daytime running lights Europe - where is light required during the day? , tcs.ch, accessed on April 27, 2019

↑ 300 RSD are approx. € 2.55 (April 2019)

↑ Daytime running lights are no longer just a freestyle option ( memento of the original from December 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , motorzeitung.de @1@ 2

↑ Daytime running lights are mandatory for new cars - a light goes on , autobild.de, December 7, 2010.

↑ Harsher penalties in Austria - light duty is lifted , n-tv.de, December 10, 2007

↑ "Lights on - lights off?" ÖAMTC

↑ light by day. Cars are not allowed to switch on the low beam during the day. Exceptions apply in poor visibility and for vehicles with automatic daytime running lights. oeamtc.at, accessed April 27, 2019

↑ light by day. Driving with dipped headlights is also compulsory during the day. , oeamtc.at, accessed April 27, 2019.

↑ https://www.az.com.na/nachrichten/ab-sofort-lichtpflicht-am-tag/

↑ ^a ^b ^c S. Schönebeck, U. Ellmers, J. Gail, R. Krautscheid, R. Tews: Estimation of the possible effects of driving with lights on during the day (daytime running lights / dipped headlights) in Germany. (PDF) Final report. Federal Highway Research Institute, July 2005, archived from the original on May 30, 2013 ; accessed on November 28, 2017 .

↑ Answer to the parliamentary question , parlament.gv.at (PDF; 31 kB)

^ Initial information from the study ( Memento from December 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Daytime running lights on cars - Analysis of the impact on road safety ( Memento from December 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

↑ ADFC position - daytime running lights for motor vehicles: No contribution to road safety in coordination with ECF , FEMA and FEVR

↑ Daytime running lights in Europe. Enlightenment postponed. Motorcycle , June 4, 2007, archived from the original on February 2, 2016 ; accessed on November 28, 2017 .

↑ Daytime Running Lights for all vehicles in Europe? Not at the expense of motorcyclists! (No longer available online.) In: fema-online.eu. Federation of European Motorcyclists' Associations, December 1, 2006, formerly the original ; accessed on March 2, 2014 (English). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
↑ Martin Rode (Hella KGaA Hueck & Co.): LED technology in automobiles. (PDF; 3.6 MB) University of Bochum, November 5, 2008, p. 11 , accessed on August 3, 2013 : "" Fuel l / 100km → 100 W ~ 0.15 l / 100km "+" LED-TFL 95 % less energy consumption ""

[1] Daytime running lights - is this lighting already mandatory in Germany? , Catalog of fines 2019, last updated on January 11, 2019