Sweetwoods
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Real licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ), illustration |
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| Glycyrrhizinae | ||||||||||||
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| Glycyrrhiza | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza ) is the only plant genus of the subtribe Glycyrrhizinae in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the legume family (Fabaceae). It includes about 20 to 30 species that are native to the Mediterranean region , Asia , Australia and the American continent .
The interdisciplinary study group Development History of Medicinal Plants at the Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of Würzburg , together with the World Wide Fund for Nature ( WWF ) , chose the genus of sweet wood as the medicinal plant of 2012 due to its effect against coughs, hoarseness and stomach problems .
description
Licorice are perennial herbaceous plants . The alternate, imparipinnate leaves have three to fifteen pinna leaflet . The stipules are tiny.
Small butterfly flowers and small bracts stand together in axillary, spiked or racemose inflorescences . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic . The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. Of the calyx lobes, the lower one has two short calyx teeth and the upper three long calyx teeth. The five petals are usually yellow or blue. The wings are shorter than the shuttle.
There are legumes formed that contain one to a few seeds.
Licorice is obtained from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra . It can also be used to quit nicotine . From the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata can flavonoid Licochalcon A are obtained. The glycoside glycyrrhizin is responsible for the sweet taste .
In Germany, liquorice used to be grown in different regions, especially in the south, but cultivation fell sharply and is now only operated by individual private individuals and in Bamberg by the Bamberg liquorice company.
The Tobacco Ordinance allows liquorice to be added to tobacco products.
species
There are around 20 to 30 species of Glycyrrhiza . Here is a selection:
- Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa (Lindl.) JMBlack
- Glycyrrhiza aspera Pall.
- Glycyrrhiza astragalina Hook. & Arn.
- Glycyrrhiza bucharica rule
- Russian licorice Glycyrrhiza echinata L.
- Glycyrrhiza eglandulosa X.Y.Li
- Glycyrrhiza foetida Desf.
- Glycyrrhiza foetidissima barter
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Real licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L .: With the varieties listed by some authors:
- Glycyrrhiza glabra var. Glabra
- Glycyrrhiza glabra var. Glandulifera (Waldst. & Kit.) Regel & Herder (Syn .: Glycyrrhiza glandulifera Waldst. & Kit. )
- Glycyrrhiza gontscharovii Maslenn.
- Glycyrrhiza iconica Hub.-Mor.
- Glycyrrhiza inflata Batalin
- Glycyrrhiza korshinskyi Grig.
- Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch.
- Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh
- Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.
- Glycyrrhiza triphylla fish. & CAMey. (Syn .: Meristotropis triphylla (fish. & CAMey.) Fish. & CAMey. )
- Chinese licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis fish. ex DC.
photos
Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra ):
licorice
Licorice pack
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swell
- SI Ali: Papilionaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Glycyrrhiza , p. 94 ( online )
- Klaus-D. Screeches: Licorice - Treatise on a journey into the world of black candy , October-Verlag 2012, ISBN 978-3-941895-31-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ What the licorice rasps can be good for ( Memento from November 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Fränkische Nachrichten , November 14, 2011.
- ↑ The history of the Bamberg liquorice cultivation . Excerpt from the commemorative publication for the 125th anniversary of the Upper Gardeners Association Bamberg. Gerhard Handschuh , Bamberg 1988
- ↑ Glycyrrhiza in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Web links
- F. von Bruchhausen & Hermann Hager: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice , Birkhäuser, 1994. ISBN 3-540-52688-9 . Glycyrrhiza , pp. 311-336: Google Books.
- Entry in Plants for a Future.
- Site of the Bamberg Licorice Society
- Licorice root: effect and taste of the sweet plant
Real chamomile (1987) | Lemon balm (1988) | Garlic (1989) | Buckwheat (1999) | Real arnica (2001) | Butcher's broom (2002) | Artichoke (2003) | Peppermint (2004) | Pumpkin (2005) | Real thyme (2006) | Real hops (2007) | Common horse chestnut (2008) | Fennel (2009) | Common ivy (2010) | Passion Flower (2011) | Sweetwoods (2012) | Great nasturtium (2013) | Ribwort plantain (2014) | Genuine St. John's Wort (2015) | Real Caraway (2016) | Seed oats (2017) | Common Horehound (2018) | Hawthorn (2019) | Real Lavender (2020)