Lidzbark
| Lidzbark | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Działdowski | ||
| Gmina : | Lidzbark | ||
| Area : | 5.70 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 16 ′ N , 19 ° 49 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 7794 (June 30, 2019) | ||
| Postal code : | 13-230 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 23 | ||
| License plate : | NDZ | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Działdowo - Brodnica | ||
| Next international airport : | Warsaw | ||
Lidzbark [ ˈliʣbark ] (colloquially also Lidzbark Welski or Lidzbark Działdowski ; German Lautenburg ) is a town in the powiat Działdowski of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland . It is the seat of the town-and-country municipality of the same name with 14,132 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2019).
Geographical location
The city is located in the former West Prussia , on the Wel (Welle) river and borders the Jezioro Lidzbarskie (Lautenburger See) .
history
Lautenburg was founded in 1301 by the Teutonic Order according to Kulm law and in 1303 came into the possession of the order. In 1314 Otto von Lutterberg, Komtur in Culm , set up a court in Lautenburg, which was administered by a Vogt of the Strasburg convent . The parish church was built around 1350.
On July 9, 1410, the army of the Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło passed through the town on his way to Tannenberg . On September 29, 1413 there was a mutiny of the estates of the Teutonic Order near Lautenburg , which led to the replacement of Grand Master Heinrich von Plauen by Michael Küchmeister .
After the Second Peace of Thorner , Lautenburg was part of the autonomous Polish Prussia from 1466 to 1772 under the patronage of the Crown of Poland . In 1746 large parts of the city were destroyed by fire.
As part of the annexations during the First Partition of Poland in 1772, western Prussia and Lautenburg under Friedrich II of Prussia were merged with the eastern part of the Kingdom of Prussia. At that time Lautenburg had 510 inhabitants, the town consisted of 83 wooden houses and 18 cottages . The main occupation was agriculture, brewing beer, distilling spirits and some handicrafts. Protestant colonists settled in around 1789. These 41 families were mostly craftsmen. The population rose to 802.
During the French era , the city was temporarily annexed to the Polish Duchy of Warsaw from 1807 to 1815 .
From 1818 to 1920 Lautenburg belonged to the Prussian district of Strasburg (Western Pr.) . In 1887 it was connected to the railway with the now disused Strasburg – Soldau line. At the beginning of the 20th century, in addition to the traditional distilleries and breweries, grinding and cutting mills, tanneries and an iron hammer, an iron foundry, a machine factory and a dairy were operated in the city. The large cattle and horse markets as well as the timber and grain trade in Lautenburg were also important. At the beginning of the 20th century Lautenburg had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue , a forest ranger's office and a district court and was visited as a climatic health resort.
Until the First World War , the city was a transit point for the border traffic of the Polish seasonal workers on the Prussian Dominialgüter.
After the First World War , Lautenburg and the entire district had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty for the purpose of establishing the Polish Corridor . With the attack on Poland in 1939 Lautenburg returned to the Reich territory. The city was incorporated into the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which it belonged until 1945.
Towards the end of the Second World War , Lautenburg was 70 percent destroyed and in the spring of 1945 it was captured by the Red Army . As far as the German inhabitants had not fled, they were in the period that followed sold .
Population development until 1945
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1772 | 518 | |
| 1783 | 802 | mostly Poles and Catholics |
| 1802 | 963 | |
| 1816 | 956 | including 261 Evangelicals, 600 Catholics and 95 Jews |
| 1821 | 1305 | |
| 1831 | 1575 | a third of them Poland |
| 1875 | 3734 | |
| 1880 | 3820 | |
| 1890 | 3746 | of which 1,281 Protestants, 2,105 Catholics and 359 Jews (1,500 Poles) |
| 1900 | 3593 | mostly Catholics |
| 1943 | 4329 |
local community
The town itself and 24 villages with school administration offices belong to the town-and-country municipality (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Lidzbark with an area of 255.7 km².
Partnerships
- Oebisfelde , Germany
- Guttau , Germany (cooperation agreement only)
Personalities
- Alfred Neumann (1895–1952), German writer
- Else Günther (also: Else Günther-Junghans , 1912 – unknown), singer and writer
- Robert Klimek (* 1969), Polish prehistorian and local researcher
- Karolina Gajewska (* 1972), Polish religious teacher and politician.
literature
- Johann Friedrich Goldbeck :: Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia . Marienwerder 1789, pp. 46-47, no. 7.).
- August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 433, no.37.
Web links
- City of Lautenburg (Rolf Jehke, 2005)
- City homepage (Polish and German)
- Information in German
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 258.
- ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck :: Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia . Marienwerder 1789, pp. 46-47, no. 7.).
- ↑ a b c Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 322–323, item 370.
- ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore . Königsberg 1835, p. 433, no.37.
- ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. dan_strasburg.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).