List of Yugoslav newspapers

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The article List of Yugoslav Newspapers gives an overview of the newspapers that appeared in Yugoslavia between 1918 and 1992 .

Daily newspapers

In Yugoslavia, newspapers were rarely purchased by subscription ; the usual distribution channel was through kiosks . Evening newspapers were much more widespread in Yugoslavia than in German-speaking countries.

Newspapers that were discontinued before 1945

A newspaper founded by Franjo Rački (1828–1884) and Bogoslav Šulek (1816–1895) was published in Zagreb from 1860 to 1941 (initially with financial support from Josip Juraj Strossmayer ) , which was renamed Obzor (Rundschau) from 1871 onwards . In the 1930s she was close to the Croatian Peasant Party .

Other important newspapers were:

in Zagreb:

  • Novosti 1907–1941 (close to the government)
  • Jutarnji List 1912–1941 ( affiliated with the Croatian Peasant Party ( Vladko Maček ))
  • Hrvatski Dnevnik 1936–1941 was the organ of the right wing of the Croatian Peasant Party.

in Belgrade:

  • Pravda afternoon 1904–1941
  • Vreme 1921–1941 (close to the government)

In Ljubljana there were these newspapers:

  • Slovenski Narod (The Slovenian People), 1868–1943, liberal
  • Slovenec (The Slovene), 1873–1945, organ of political Catholicism
  • Jutro (The Morning), 1920–1945, liberal, close to the Samostojna Demokratska Stranka (Independent Democratic Party) party

Before 1945 there were several German-language daily newspapers, including Deutsches Volksblatt - daily newspaper of German Yugoslavia (published 1919-1945 in Novi Sad) and Der Morgen - Yugoslavian press for economics, culture and public life , which was published weekly in Zagreb from January 1923 and from July 1923 was published daily and was renamed Morgenblatt in 1926 , Deutsche Zeitung in Croatia in 1941 and discontinued in 1945. The oldest German-language newspaper and at the same time the first newspaper in Slovenia was the Mariborer Zeitung , which was founded in 1862 and was called the Marburger Zeitung until 1929 and 1941–1945 . It was initially published two to three times a week, and from 1914 daily.

Daily newspapers in Yugoslavia 1941
newspaper Place of publication founding year language Edition 1941
Politika Belgrade 1904 Serbo-Croatian 145 700
Vreme Belgrade 1921 Serbo-Croatian 65,000
Pravda Belgrade 1904 Serbo-Croatian 45,000
Novosti Zagreb 1907 Serbo-Croatian 23 400
Jutarnji List Zagreb 1912 Serbo-Croatian 21,000
Večernik Maribor 1927 Slovenian 20,000
Jutro Ljubljana 1920 Slovenian 18,000
Slovenec Ljubljana 1873 Slovenian 17 500
Hrvatski Dnevnik Zagreb 1936 Serbo-Croatian 16,000
Jugoslavenska Pošta Sarajevo 1929 Serbo-Croatian 15,000
Slovensky Narod Ljubljana 1868 Slovenian 10,000
Slovensky Cathedral Ljubljana 1935 Slovenian 8,000
Yugoslavensky List Sarajevo 1918 Serbo-Croatian 7,000
Hrvatski List Osijek 1920 Serbo-Croatian 7,000
Vardar Skopje - Macedonian 5,000
Maribor Newspaper Maribor 1862 German 4,000
Hrvatska Straža Zagreb 1929 Serbo-Croatian 3,500
Novo Doba Split 1918 Serbo-Croatian 3,500
Dan Novi Sad 1935 Serbo-Croatian 3,200
Morning paper Zagreb 1923 German 3,000
Obzor Zagreb 1860 Serbo-Croatian 2,500
Yugoslavensky Lloyd Zagreb 1909 Serbo-Croatian 2 100
Jugoslavenska Zastava Osijek 1931 Serbo-Croatian 2,000

Newspapers that (also) appeared after 1945

The newspaper publishers were nationalized after the Second World War and, from the beginning of the 1950s, were run according to the principle of workers' self-management. The Socialist League of the Working People of Yugoslavia ( Socijalistički savez radnog naroda Jugoslavije , abbreviated: SSRNJ) or a sub-organization at republic or municipal level acted as the publisher of numerous newspapers .

In 1966 there were around 25 daily newspapers in Yugoslavia:

overview

Daily newspapers in Yugoslavia 1966/1989
newspaper Place of publication founding year language 1966 edition 1989 edition
Večernje Novosti Belgrade 1952 Serbo-Croatian 288,000 227 506
Politika Belgrade 1904 Serbo-Croatian 278,000 226 516
Borba Belgrade 1922 Serbo-Croatian 141,000 30 890
Vjesnik Zagreb 1945 Serbo-Croatian 89,000 71 635
Politika Ekspres Belgrade 1963 Serbo-Croatian 84,000 177 845
Delo Ljubljana 1959 Slovenian 76,000 95 621
Večernji List Zagreb 1957 Serbo-Croatian 73,000 204 895
Sports Belgrade 1946 Serbo-Croatian 65,000 47 103
Oslobođenje Sarajevo 1943 Serbo-Croatian 64,000 49 296
Sportske Novosti Zagreb 1945 Serbo-Croatian 54,000 66 672
Večer Maribor 1946 Slovenian 42,000 53 057
Ljubljanski Dnevnik Ljubljana 1952 Slovenian 38,000 59 301
Magyar Szó Novi Sad 1944 Hungarian 33,000 21 373
Slobodna Dalmacija Split 1943 Serbo-Croatian 33,000 90 650
Nova Macedonia Skopje 1944 Macedonian 29,000 23 184
Dnevnik Novi Sad 1953 Serbo-Croatian 26,000 39 086
Večernje Novine Sarajevo 1965 Serbo-Croatian 23,000 72 876
Novi List Rijeka 1947 Serbo-Croatian 13,000 59 958
Privredni Pregled Belgrade 1952 Serbo-Croatian 11,000 4 520
Rilindja Pristina 1945 Albanian 9,000 32 597
Glass of Slavonije Osijek 1943 Serbo-Croatian 8,000 11 030
Večer Skopje 1963 Macedonian 7,000 24 379
La voce del popolo Rijeka 1945 Italian 4,000 2,936

Six weekly newspapers (see below) were converted into daily newspapers during the 1960s to 1980s (all in Serbo-Croatian):

Converting weekly newspapers into daily newspapers
newspaper ISSN Place of publication Translation of the name founding daily since
Glass of Slavonije ISSN  0350-3968 Osijek Voice of Slavonia 1943 around 1966
Glass istre ISSN  0017-0771 Pula Voice of Istria 1943/1944 around 1970
Narodne Novine ISSN  0350-7572 Niš People's newspaper 1946 around 1970
Pobjeda ISSN  0350-4379 Titograd victory 1944 around 1975
Jedinstvo ISSN  0021-5775 Pristina unit 1945 around 1980
Glass ISSN  0350-3925 Banja Luka voice 1943 around 1985

Morning papers

Die Borba (Kampf, ISSN  0350-8749 ) was the newspaper of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia . It was published in Zagreb from 1922 and in Belgrade from 1948 . It was the only daily newspaper that was read nationwide, while the other newspapers were mainly distributed in one of the republics and provinces or only regionally. In the 1970s and 1980s it saw a dramatic decrease in circulation. Like the Oslobođenje (see below), the Borba used Latin script and Cyrillic script mixed within the same edition, mostly alternating from page to page.

Other morning papers were:

  • Politika (Politics, ISSN  0350-4395 ), Belgrade. In the 1930s, the Politika was the highest-circulation newspaper in Yugoslavia with around 150,000 copies.
  • Vjesnik (courier, ISSN  0350-3305 ), Zagreb. In the 1970s and 1980s the Inozemno izdanije (foreign edition ) was published, which wasprintedin Frankfurt am Main for the Yugoslavs living in the Federal Republic of Germany.
  • Delo : Until April 30, 1959, Ljudska Pravica (Justice for the People, the newspaper of the Communist Party of Slovenia), founded in 1934, and Slovenski Poročevalec (The Slovenian Rapporteur), founded in 1938, were published in Ljubljana . The publication of both newspapers was temporarily interrupted during the Second World War. The merger of these two newspapers resulted in Delo (Arbeit, ISSN  0350-7521 ), which appeared on May 1, 1959 .

Evening newspapers

Specialized newspapers

  • Privredni Pregled (Economic Review, ISSN  0478-3085 ), Belgrade. A weekly newspaper of the same name had already appeared in Belgrade between 1923 and 1941.

New daily newspapers 1990/1991

  • RI-telefax ISSN  0353-8621 was the first of numerous, partly short-lived newspaper releases from 1990–1992. It was published in Rijeka from October 29, 1990 to July 10, 1991. The founders were two former journalists from Novi List , Josip Površenić and Igor Violić.
  • Orient Express ( ISSN  0353-8567 ) appeared in Sarajevo on November 14, 1990. The editor was Enver Čaušević
  • Vesti (News, ISSN  0354-0340 ), Novi Sad, from February 11, 1991, publisher: Borislav Putnik
  • Slovenske Novice (Slovenian News, ISSN  0354-1088 ), appeared in Ljubljana from April 25, 1991, publisher: Tine Guzej
  • Pannon Hírlap , ( Pannonian newspaper, ISSN  0354-0227 ), Subotica, from May 1, 1991, publisher: Istvan Valihora
  • Zapad (The West, ISSN  0354-0537 ), Zagreb, from May 17, 1991
  • Slovenec (Der Slovene, ISSN  0354-0960 ), Ljubljana, from June 25, 1991, publisher: Andrej Rot. The title was taken from a newspaper published before 1945.
  • Republika (The Republic, ISSN  0354-091X ), Skopje, from August 2, 1991
  • Dan (The Day, ISSN  0354-141X ), Novi Sad, from October 21, 1991, publisher: Đorđe Subotić

Weekly newspapers

While daily newspapers only appeared in the big cities, there were around 70 weekly newspapers at regional level. The two weekly newspapers published in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia are an example : In Kumanovo the Naš Vesnik (Our Courier, ISSN  0351-6164 ) was published in Macedonian since 1961 , in Skopje the Flaka e Vëllazërimit (Flame of Fraternization, ISSN  0350-3844 ) in Albanian, initially weekly, in the 1980s three times a week.

There were also the weekly newspapers of the Savez sindikata Jugoslavije (Trade Union Federation of Yugoslavia):

  • Rad (Arbeit, ISSN  0033-7463 ), Belgrade, from 1945. At times there were separate editions in Latin and Cyrillic
  • Trudbenik (The Worker, ZDB -ID 824885-0 ), Skopje, from 1945
  • Delavska Enotnost (Workers Unity , ISSN  0011-7722 ), Ljubljana, from 1942

In the years 1948–1953, the trade union federation also published the German-language weekly newspaper Der Schaffende , which was apparently not primarily aimed at German-speaking citizens of Yugoslavia, but predominantly at readers in Germany and Austria.

The weekly newspaper Trgovinski Glasnik (Handelsbote) had already appeared in Belgrade between 1890 and 1932 .

Weekly newspapers also appeared in the languages ​​of the minorities living in Yugoslavia:

Weekly newspapers in minority languages
newspaper ISSN Place of publication language Translation of the name founding year
Birlik ISSN  0352-4035 Skopje Turkish unit 1944
Hlas Ludu ISSN  0018-2869 Backi Petrovac Slovak Voice of the people 1944
Libertatea ISSN  0350-4166 Pančevo Romanian freedom 1945
Bratstvo ISSN  0350-8838 Niš Bulgarian fraternity 1961
Ruske Slovo ISSN  0350-4603 Novi Sad Russian Russian word 1945
Jednota ISSN  0021-5791 Daruvar Czech Unit (?) 1946

Before Bratstvo was founded, a Bulgarian-language weekly newspaper called Glas na Blgarite (Voice of the Bulgarians) was published in Belgrade from 1949 to around 1954 .

In 1936 the lawyer Svetozar Simić founded a newspaper for Roma in Belgrade called Romano-Lil , which was discontinued after three issues. A magazine called Khamutne Divesa , which was founded in 1987 in Železnik (near Belgrade) and contained articles in Romani and Serbo-Croatian , was also discontinued after a short time.

With the Glas Koncila (vote of the council, ISSN  0436-0311 ) there was a newspaper of the Catholic Church, which from 1962 appeared initially fortnightly , from 1984 weekly. There were also numerous magazines from both the Catholic Church and other religious communities.

Relative freedom of the press

In the big cities of Yugoslavia (especially in Belgrade ) you could get all the important newspapers from both western and eastern bloc countries and many non-aligned countries.

The philosophical journal Praxis , in which neo-Marxist positions were represented, was banned in 1975.

In May and June 1987, Borba printed a multi-part, extremely critical report on the treatment of political prisoners in Yugoslav prisons.

1988 took place in Ljubljana at a trial against Janez Janša , Ivan Borštner, David Tasic and Franci Zavrl, which in connection with a in the journal Mladina was accused of published articles betrayal of military secrets.

literature

  • Alfred Falk, Die Yugoslavische Presse , in: Zeitungswissenschaft , vol. 11.1936, pp. 438–443.
  • Handbuch der Weltpresse , ed. Institute for Journalism at the University of Münster , 5th edition 1970, volume 1 pp. 282–289 and volume 2 pp. 107f.
  • Stipe Šuvar , Freedom of the Press and Responsibility in Yugoslav Socialism , in: Yugoslawien - Modell im Wandel , ed. v. Olaf Ihlau u. Miodrag Vukic
  • Irina Hendrichs, press, radio, film (mass media) , in: Yugoslavia (Südosteuropa-Handbuch, Volume 1) , ed. v. Klaus-Detlev Grothusen, 1975 ISBN 3-525-36200-5 , pp. 439–457 (especially pp. 439–447)
  • Article Jugoslavija , section Novine , in: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 2nd edition, volume 6, pp. 570-576
  • Bibliografija Jugoslavije - Serijske Publikacije
  • Sava Palančanin, Revolucionarna i ratna štampa 1871–1945 (Revolutionary and War Press 1871–1945), 1986
  • April Carter, Democratic reform in Yugoslavia , 1982 ISBN 0-903804-88-3 , pp. 186-200
  • Paul Underwood, Yugoslavia , in: World Press Encyclopedia , ed. By George Thomas Kurian, Vol. II, 1982 ISBN 0-87196-497-X , pp. 1037-1049

swell

  1. ↑ The newspaper bibliography ( memento of February 19, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) of the "Research Center for German-Language Newspapers" at the University of Gießen contains an extensive list of German-language newspapers in Yugoslavia up to 1945 (partly sorted under Slovenia and Croatia )
  2. ↑ Source: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 2nd edition, Volume 6, Article Jugoslavija , Section Novine , p. 571. Articles about many of these newspapers are contained in the Narodna enciklopedija srpsko-hrvatsko-slovenačka , from where most of the information about the year the newspapers were founded .
  3. ↑ Number of copies 1966 according to: Handbuch der Weltpresse , ed. Institute for Journalism at the University of Münster , 5th edition 1970, volume 1 pp. 282–289 and volume 2 pp. 107f; 1989 edition according to: Article Jugoslavija , section Novine , in: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 2nd edition, volume 6, pp. 570-576; As of 1953 cf. Eastern Europe Handbook, Vol. I: Yugoslavia, ed. v. W. Markert, pp. 350f.
  4. ↑ cf. Newspapers of the world, XXII: "Borba" , in: The Times , April 22, 1965, p. 11
  5. ↑ cf. Falk (see above) p. 441
  6. ↑ cf. D. Ackovic, C. Poulain, Le journal Romano Lil , in: Etudes tsiganes ( ISSN  0014-2247 ), vol. 1995, pp. 123-132; Newspaper Studies, vol. 11.1936, p. 23.
  7. ↑ s. A. Kumer et al., "Europeanization versus Nationalism", p. 209 (Ackovic)
  8. ↑ cf. Jens Reuter , Political Prisoners in Yugoslavia , in: Südosteuropa, Born 1987, pp. 297–308

See also