Deguelia utilis
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| ( ACSm. ) AMGAzevedo |
Deguelia utilis ( Syn. : Derris nicou AUCt. Derris utilis (ACSM) Ducke. Lonchocarpus nicou AUCt. Lonchocarpus utilis ACSM.) Is a plant species in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Deguelia utilis is a shrub or small tree that reaches heights of 3 to 15 meters. It forms a tap root , from which many smaller secondary roots branch off laterally to form a root ball. The dark green, imparipinnate and stalked leaves are usually five or seven, nine rare pinna leaflet composed. The short-stalked leaflets are elliptical to obovate, with entire margins and pointed to pointed. The midrib is thickened towards the base. Stipules are present and mostly sloping.
Generative characteristics
It forms racemose and many-flowered inflorescences. The short-stalked butterfly flowers have a double flower envelope . Each individual flower consists of five whitish to pale purple petals with a small, single and elongated carpel . The stamens are fused.
Small, pointed, flattened and reddish legumes are formed that contain three to four seeds .
Multiplication
Deguelia utilis is able to reproduce both vegetatively and generatively . If a branch that contains at least three complete nodes falls to the ground, it sprouts. This type of reproduction takes place far more frequently than generative reproduction via seeds.
Occurrence
Deguelia utilis is found in South America between the equator and 12 ° 50 ′ south latitude in montane, tropical and subtropical areas, especially in Peru and Suriname . In Peru, the largest deposits are found in the Loreto , San Martín , Ucayali , Huánuco , Pasco , Junín , Ayacucho , Apurímac , Cusco and Madre de Dios regions .
Deguelia utilis thrives best in loose and well drained sandy soil with a pH value between 4.5 and 7. Precipitation should be between 1,800 and 3,500 mm per m² and the average temperature should fluctuate between 23 and 26 ° C. It thrives at altitudes from 1800 to 3500 meters.
use
The Barbasco roots are highly poisonous; the main active ingredient is Rotenone , which is much more poisonous for fish than for mammals. Traditionally, the roots of indigenous peoples of South America are used as fish or arrow poison . The substance is important as an insecticide and in the chemical-pharmaceutical industry.
Barbasco was cultivated as early as the 1930s . In 1946 the production in Peru was already over 5 kilotons. In the 1950s Barbasco was completely superseded by the synthetically manufactured insecticide DDT and production collapsed. After the ban on DDT in the 1970s, the cultivation of Barbasco began again in 1981. Deguelia utilis is the main competitor to the coca bush in cultivation , as both types of plant have similar requirements. As a legume, Deguelia utilis is able to bind nitrogen from the air and accumulate it in the soil.
literature
- Marisel Allende Barchi, María Eugenia Terrazas Milla and Claudia María Zanatti Wagner: Estudio de pre-factibilidad para la exportación de barbasco (Lonchocarpus nicou) en polvo al mercado francés. Diploma thesis at the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (Peru), 2000.
- Ana Maria Goulart de Azevedo Tozzi: A identidade do Timbó-verdadeiro: Deguelia utilis (ACSm.) AMGAzevedo (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae). In: Revista Brasileira de Biologia. 58 (3), 1998, doi: 10.1590 / S0034-71081998000300016 .
Web links
- Barbasco (Allende M .; Terrazas, M .; Zanatti C. 2000). In: Recurso Forestal. Ministerio de Agricultura Peru, archived from the original on June 12, 2008 ; Retrieved February 20, 2007 (Spanish).
- Barbasco (Lonchocarpus nicou). Climate Alliance Alianza des Clima eV, accessed on February 20, 2007 .