Mölker bastion
| Mölker bastion | |
|---|---|
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| Basic data | |
| place | Vienna Inner City |
| District | Inner city |
| Created | 1870-1871 |
| Connecting roads | Schottenbastei (in the north) |
| Cross streets | Universitätsring , Schreyvogelgasse , Schottengasse |
| Buildings | Pasqualati house |
| use | |
| User groups | Foot traffic , car traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | approx. 130 meters |
The Mölker Bastei was a bastion of the former Vienna city fortifications , which existed from 1531 to 1871. Today the Mölker Bastei is a street in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt , which was laid out in 1871 and named after the former bastion.
History of the bastion
In 1531 the Schottenbastei was built as part of the Vienna city fortifications , which was located in the area of today's Universitätsring between the ramp of the University of Vienna and houses 6-12. Your name ( bastion at Schottentor , 1548 Bastion at the Scots , 1577 or 1597 Schottentor ) received by the neighboring Schottentor or the Schottenstift . At first it was an earthwork. It was enlarged as early as 1536–1544. Around 1600 there was a reinforcement including the cat and in 1637 the walling was finally completed. From that time on one no longer spoke of the Schottenbastei , but the name Mölker Bastei prevailed. This is due to the Melker Hof located behind the bastion ( Mölk is a dialect expression for the city of Melk ) owned by Melk Abbey , which at that time had already reached a considerable size and therefore gained importance as a place-name indication. After the French occupied Vienna in 1809, they blew up the front part of the Mölker Bastei. But it was restored in 1811.
The end of the Mölker Bastei came in 1861 when, as part of the razing of the Vienna city walls and the creation of the Vienna Ringstrasse in their place, the Mölker Bastei also largely fell, including houses No. 2 to 6, which are on the curtain wall between Mölker Bastei and found the bastion of misery. The art-historically valuable Palais Lubomirski was also destroyed. The remainder was removed in 1870–1871 and today's street of the same name was laid out. The actual Mölker Bastei no longer exists today.
The remaining houses (Mölker Bastei No. 8 to 18) should also be demolished. It was planned to level the area and to extend Helferstorferstrasse to Schreyvogelgasse. As the demolition was delayed, a ramp was built in 1871 that leads down from the area around the Pasqualatihaus to Schreyvogelgasse . A retaining wall was built along Schreyvogelgasse to secure the embankment.
It was not until 1883 that attempts were made to tear down the remaining houses. Numerous owners of the remaining houses protested against the demolition, including the wealthy Max von Leber (1841-1916), an official at the General Inspection of the Austrian Railways and later one of Austria's leading railway experts. He owned the houses Mölker Bastei 8 (the Pasqualatihaus) as well as Schreyvogelgasse 12 and 14. The co-owner of the house Mölker Bastei 14, Gustav Schlierholz, demanded an enormously high transfer fee, and the elderly Beranek couple categorically refused to sell their house Mölker Bastei 10 . The city expansion fund was preparing an expropriation.
Another protest came from Melk Abbey . The rear (southwest) part of the Melker Hof stood on the bastion; if it had been leveled, part of the Melker Hof would have had to be demolished. Melk Abbey rejected this in 1885. In 1889 Otto Wagner expressed interest in buying and converting the building at the Mölker Bastei, but also failed because of the resistance of Melk Abbey. An agreement was reached with the owners on numerous surrounding buildings, so that in 1891 the houses Mölker Bastei 16 and 18 and Mölker Steig 9, 11, 13 and 15 were demolished and rebuilt. When Max von Leber died in 1916, a new initiative to demolish the Mölker Bastei was considered. As a result of the First World War , however, urban planning changes were no longer feasible. In 1923 the remaining structures on the Mölker Bastei were placed under monument protection and saved from destruction.
What is known colloquially as the “Mölker Bastei” is the above-mentioned wall that was built in 1871 along Schreyvogelgasse to secure the embankment. Due to the state of preservation of the wall, renovation is currently necessary, but this is difficult due to disputes over competencies between the city of Vienna and the federal government.
Location and characteristics of the street
The Mölker Bastei stretches from the Universitätsring with the Liebenberg monument opposite the University of Vienna in the south to Schottengasse in the north. In addition, houses no. 8-14 are on the right-hand side, elevated on the partially green ramp of the former fortification. Lead 3 stairs for pedestrians, and a ramp as the pedestrian run access road from the Schreyvogelgasse forth. The lane below the ramp is a one-way street . There is no public transport on the Mölker Bastei, but it is easily accessible through the neighboring Schottentor traffic junction.
The beginning of the Mölker Bastei, which coincides with the confluence of Schreyvogelgasse with Ringstrasse, has the character of a square with the Liebenberg monument in the middle. Behind it, on the hill of the former bastion, there are houses from the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. The lower-lying buildings are historic and date from the time after the road was built. Only building number 1 is a modern building from the period after 1945.
Building
Liebenberg monument
→ Main article Liebenberg memorial
At the confluence of Mölker Bastei and Schreyvogelgasse in the Universitätsring stands the monument to the Viennese mayor Johann Andreas von Liebenberg . During his tenure from 1680–1683 the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna fell . The memorial was erected from 1887 to 1890 according to plans by the architect Franz von Neumann and the sculptor Johann Silbernagel. It consists of a 9-meter-high obelisk , at the top of which is the gilded figure of the goddess of victory Victoria . On the front of the obelisk, Liebenberg's gilded portrait medallion is held by two putti. A cartridge with the double-headed eagle can also be seen. A lion rests on the stepped base of the monument.
The monument is located in a fenced-in meadow. The unveiling took place on September 12, 1890 in connection with the monument to the liberation of the Turks on St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna . After damage during the Second World War as a result of shelling, the memorial could be restored by 1949.
Rubble Women Monument
The monument in a green strip on the ramp of the Mölker Bastei was created by landscape architect Magnus Angermeier and unveiled on October 1, 2018. It shows the life-size bronze figure of a seated half-naked woman next to stylized rubble. On it is the inscription “Austria's rubble women 1943-1954” with the quote from Friedrich Hölderlin Where there is danger, the saving also grows . A similar sculpture by the artist depicting a bathing woman served as a model for the female figure.
The memorial was erected privately on the initiative of the FPÖ- related Cajetan Fields Institute and is intended to commemorate the so-called rubble women of Austria based on the German model . It is the first of its kind in Vienna. The city of Vienna refused to erect such a memorial and does not take care of what has now been erected. The politically controversial reason to refrain from such a memorial lies in the fact that in Austria, in contrast to Germany, for the most part only former National Socialists were punished as "rubble women" and no false myth was encouraged.
No. 1 Former OPEC building
The building at Universitätsring 10 originally formed an ensemble with the neighboring houses, but was destroyed by bombs in World War II. The remains of the ruins were removed in the 1960s, and a modern office and administration building was built in 1965–1967 according to plans by the architect Carl Appel , which was rented to OPEC . A sensational terrorist attack with hostage-taking by the terrorist Carlos took place here on December 21, 1975 . In 1977 the headquarters of OPEC were moved to another building in Vienna. In 1994 the facade was changed. A plaque from 1999 reminds that the Austro-Hungarian Association of Private Insurance Companies was founded in the previous building in 1899.
No. 3 house next to the Palais Ephrussi
House no. 3 forms the back wing of the house at Universitätsring 12 and like this it continues the facade of the Palais Ephrussi by Theophil Hansen in a simplified form . The most striking detail is the portal flanked by atlases, which turns into a balcony. The house was built by Emil Förster in 1869–1872.
No. 5 rear wing of the Palais Ephrussi
Carl Tietz created this building on the corner of Schottengasse / Mölker Bastei in 1869 based on the Palais Ephrussi, which was then located on the Ringstrasse. The harmonized facade design resulted in a building group of aesthetic and formal unity. The entrance and the stairwell are at the Mölker Bastei. Ionic pilasters, stuccolustro fields between illusionistic granite pillars and stucco coffered ceilings can be found here. An antique terracotta statue from Wienerberger Ziegelei stands in the vestibule, which is divided by Corinthian columns. The staircase with its cast iron railing and lion masks is also noteworthy. The restaurant Demmers Teehaus , also located at the Mölker Bastei, was redesigned by Luigi Blau in 1981 with a new gallery.
There is a memorial plaque on the building for the surgeon Anton Eiselsberg , who lived here from 1903 to 1936. Another plaque commemorates the chief of staff of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky , who lived in the house from 1881 to 1920.
No. 8 Pasqualati house
→ Main article Pasqualati house
The Pasqualatihaus is in an exposed location on the ramp of the former Vienna city fortifications on the corner of Schreyvogelgasse. It was built in 1791–1798 by Peter Mollner for Maria Theresa's personal physician , Johann Baptist Freiherr von Pasqualati and Osterburg, by combining and converting two smaller residential buildings into the stately apartment building. In one of the earlier buildings there was a workshop for stone sculptors, while Count Leander Anguissola, imperial chief engineer, and Johann Jakob Marinoni , court mathematician, who both published a map of Vienna together, lived in the other. They were also the first teachers at the Military Engineering Academy, founded in 1718, for which they gave lectures in the house. Ludwig van Beethoven lived in the current building several times between 1804 and 1815. Several of his most important works were composed here, such as the 4th , 5th , 7th and 8th symphonies , the opera Fidelio and the piano work Für Elise . Bettina Brentano visited Beethoven here during his second stay and described the meeting in her book Goethe's Correspondence with a Child . Next to the apartment on the 4th floor of a 1997 is Elsa Prochazka designed, the Wien Museum belonging memorial in which the portrait of Beethoven by Willibrord Joseph Mähler from the year 1804/05 and the portrait of Andreas Graf Rasumofskys by Johann Baptist Lampi the Elder from the year 1814 can be seen. The musicological series Vom Pasqualatihaus has been published in the house since 1991 . Since 1947 the Adalbert Stifter Museum has been located in three rooms of the Pasqualati House .
The building is a block-like corner house in the classical style. At the corner there is a Pasqualatis heraldic cartouche. The rectangular portal with building inscription leads into a driveway and an inner courtyard with a wrought iron lantern and fountain. In the staircase with a spiral staircase there are still original handrails and wrought iron lattice doors. The roof truss and cellar vaults have also been preserved from the time they were built. There are remains of the bastion complex in the basement. A plaque commemorates Ludwig van Beethoven.
No. 10 where Alma von Goethe died
Prince Charles Joseph de Ligne lived in the previous building during the Vienna Congress and Ottilie von Goethe , Goethe's daughter-in-law, since the 1830s . Seventeen-year-old Alma von Goethe , Goethe's granddaughter, for whom Franz Grillparzer held an obituary, died in the early historical building built by Franz Schlierholz in 1841 on the ramp of the Mölker Bastei .
There is a plaque for the Josef and Therese Beranek Foundation for the Brothers of Mercy by the wooden gate with wrought iron grille in the overhang . The inner courtyard is covered with an iron-glass roof from around 1900, a brass relief with a female bust at the courtyard fountain dates from the beginning of the 20th century. There are remarkable wrought iron bars with vegetal decor on the spiral staircase.
No. 12 Early historic house
Charles Joseph de Ligne died in the previous building in 1814 . The current building on the ramp of the Mölker Bastei was probably built by Franz Schlierholz in 1846 in the early historical style. The exterior consists of additively lined up, suspected windows over a rusticated plinth. Inside there is a spiral staircase and the original roof structure from the construction period.
No. 14 Early historic house
This building on the ramp of the Mölker Bastei was built between 1845 and 1846 according to plans by Franz Schlierholz in an early historic style. As with the adjoining building, the facade is characterized by additively lined up, suspected windows above a rusticated plinth, plus early historical decorative elements. Inside there is a spiral staircase and a cellar from the construction period.
No. 16 Graf Hardegg Foundation House
→ Main article Schottengasse
The building at Schottengasse 7 was built in 1892 by Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer in the old German style.
Others
A scene of the 2010 film produced A Dangerous Method ( A Dangerous Method ) by CG Jung , Sabina Spielrein and Sigmund Freud was shot on the Mölker Bastion.
literature
- Felix Czeike : Historical Lexicon Vienna . Vol. 4. Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1995, ISBN 3-218-00546-9
- Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Wien. I. District - Inner City . Berger, Horn 2003, ISBN 3-85028-366-6
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Baltzarek, Alfred Hoffmann, Hannes Stekl: Economy and society of the Viennese urban expansion . Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-515-02098-5 , pp. 211 ff. (Volume 5 by Renate Wagner-Rieger (Ed.): The Vienna Ringstrasse - Picture of an Epoch .)
- ^ Oesterreich.orf.at - Slow decline of the Mölkerbastei
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 45.5 ″ N , 16 ° 21 ′ 43 ″ E