M 1 (ship, 1937)
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M 1 was a minesweeper of the German Navy , their first new minesweeper after the First World War.
Construction and technical data
The boat belonged to the type minesweeper in 1935 and was on the Stülcken shipyard in Hamburg with the hull number 710 on July 9, 1936 laid the keel . The launch took place on March 5, 1937, and on September 1, 1938 the boat was put into service.
The boat was 68.10 m long, 66.0 m in the waterline , and 8.7 m wide and had a draft of 2.65 m . The water displacement was 682 tons (standard) and 874 tons (maximum). The machine system consisted of two double-acting Lentz unit expansion steam engines with two oil-fired Wagner high-pressure vessels with 35 atmospheres and resulted in an output of 3200 hp . The boat had two 6-bladed Voith-Schneider propellers with a diameter of 2.5 m. The maximum speed was 18.2 knots and the radius of action was 5000 nm at a cruising speed of 10 kn respectively. 1000 nm at 17 kn. The boat was equipped with two 10.5 cm L / 45 - guns C / 32 (480 rounds of ammunition), two 3.7 cm SK C / 30 (3000 shots) and two 2-cm-Flak C / 30 (4000 Shot) as well as four depth charges and six depth charges. It could take up to 30 mines . In 1942 the Fla -MG armament was increased to six 2-cm-MG (6000 rounds). The armor was only 10 mm. The crew consisted of 3 officers and 81 men.
fate
At the beginning of the German invasion of Poland , the boat belonged to the 1st minesweeping flotilla , which had been stationed in Pillau since 1933 . Since March 5, 1939, the commander of the boat was Oberleutnant zur See Hans Bartels . The flotilla (with the boats M 1 , M 3 , M 4 , M 5 , M 7 and M 8 ) had already picked up the 230 men of the Marine Shock Troop Company (MSK) in Memel on August 24, 1939 and opened them that same night brought to the Schleswig-Holstein liner at the height of Stolpmünde ; the MSK then occupied the Westerplatte on September 1st . After that, the flotilla carried out minesweeping and security tasks as well as submarine hunting in the Bay of Danzig .
Even before the end of the war against Poland, the flotilla moved to security services in the North Sea . There Bartels, who had been promoted to captainleutnant on October 1, 1939 , with M 1 sank the four Danish fishing trawlers Ejjam (E 92), Gerlis (E. Gerlis ) from Esbjerg in the early morning hours of February 24, 1940 in the area of the Doggerbank without warning 456), Merkator (E 348) and Polaris (E 504) by ramming. Bartels reported to his superiors that no one was rescued by the cutter crews "for military reasons"; 16 fishermen from neutral Denmark lost their lives.
During the German invasion of Norway in April 1940, his boat took part in the occupation of Egersund as part of the 2nd minesweeping flotilla , together with M 2 , M 9 and M 13 ( Kriegsschiffgruppe 6 ) , where the four boats put a cycling company ashore. Then M 1 carried out security, reconnaissance, troop transport and escort service on the Norwegian south and west coasts, whereby Bartels drew attention to himself and his boat through considerable success in bringing up ships hidden in the fjords . In Kristiansand and the surrounding area, Bartels brought up a large ( Odin ), three small Norwegian torpedo boats and four patrol boats (armed former whaling boats ) with M 1 , which were then taken over by the Navy. When the " Admiral of the Norwegian west coast " Otto von Schrader visited the boat in Bergen and used the term "Tiger of the Fjords", Bartels and the crew painted their boat accordingly and from then on hoisted a self-made "tiger flag". On April 15, M 1 transported 240 army soldiers to Bergen, on the return journey picked up 13 freighters from a convoy that was gathering for the journey to England and transferred these ships to Stavanger . On April 23, 1940, the boat, together with boats from the 1st Schnellbootsflotilla, brought Army troops up the Hardangerfjord and Eidfjord to Ulvik . There they secured the interned German freighter Afrika , which was sinking after the Norwegians opened its flood valves as the German flotilla approached . Shortly after the troops went ashore in Bakranes ( 60 ° 34 ′ N , 6 ° 55 ′ E ), the center of the village, the S-boats were shot at by Norwegian soldiers. There was one dead and twelve wounded. Thereupon Bartels opened fire on the place. All 56 houses in the village were destroyed by artillery bombardment and fire; only the church was spared. The following day, 24 April, transported M 1 again troops discovered and boarded it previously by the Norwegians in Ulviksfjord interned German motor vessel Clare Hugo Stinnes one and took another steamer during the return trip to Bergen as a pinch .
From May 1941 M 1 belonged to the 4th minesweeping flotilla in the North Sea . During the attack on the Soviet Union in June 1941, the boat took part in the conquest of the Estonian islands Hiiumaa (Dagö), Saaremaa (Ösel) and Muhu (Moon) with the flotilla . Soon afterwards, the boat, now also assigned the tactical designation V 5501 , was relocated to security services on the Norwegian west coast as the guide boat of the 55th outpost flotilla . On May 26, 1942, M 1 , with the tactical designation M 5201, joined the 52nd minesweeping flotilla , which was supposed to secure the Norwegian coastal waters in the Bergen area. On March 14, 1943, the boat captured the British and Norwegian motor torpedo boat MTB 631 , which was stranded and abandoned off Florø, and was then put into service by the Navy as S 631 . In the fourth week of June 1943, M 1 and its sister boat M 2 secured the German mine ships Ostmark , Alsace and Brummer and the destroyers Z 27 and Z 30 , which laid the mine barriers "Archangel", "Wild boar" and "Steinadler" in the North Sea the Western Wall to extend -Minensperren north.
The End
On January 12, 1945, shortly after noon, the boat was hit and sunk in the Nordbyfjord near Bergen by a British 5.6 ton Tallboy aerial bomb . 20 men of the crew lost their lives. The wreck is about 340 m deep. An examination of the wreck in 1996 revealed that it had burst into many pieces and was partially buried in the sand.
Notes and individual references
- ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/km/mboote/m1-7.htm
- ↑ Hans Bartels: Battle report on the sinking of four Danish fishing boats
- ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/kriegsrecht.htm
- ↑ On May 11, 1940, Bartels was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class for his services in securing the western Norwegian fjords and five days later the Knight's Cross. Bartels was appointed on May 27, 1940 as the first leader of the newly established "Coastal Security Association of the Norwegian West Coast" with the staff of the "Admiral of the Norwegian West Coast". His successor as commander of M 1 was the later submarine commander Albrecht Brandi , who had been an officer on watch on the boat since October 1937 .
- ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/km/vboote/vfl51-61.htm
- ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/km/mboote/m52-56.htm
- ↑ The boat was on loan from the UK to the Norwegian Navy. It was brought to Bergen on March 18, 1943 and put into service as S 631 . ( http://www.foerderverein-museums-schnellboot.de/s-boote/kriegsmarine/sboote-km-typen.htm )
- ↑ http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/seekrieg/43-06.htm
- ↑ http://www.deutsche-kriegsschiffe.de/Schiffe/minensuchboote/minensuchboote-vv.htm ( Memento from October 18, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Wehrmacht History 1935 to 1945 ( Memento from October 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Status 2006 for tidligere undersøkte vrak med potential olje slow norskekysten. (Pp. 31–32) ( Memento from April 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
Web links
- http://www.deutschekriegsmarine.de/hauptteil_uberwassereinheiten/Boote/hauptteil_minensucher/hauptteil_minensucher_1935/body_hauptteil_minensucher_1935.htm
- http://www.german-navy.de/kriegsmarine/ships/minehunter/mboot35/index.html
literature
- The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Navy 1939–1945 Volume I, Letters A – K, pp. 15–17
- Hans Bartels: Tiger flag hot! German home publisher Ernst Gieseking, Bielefeld, 1941