Macarius I.

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Macarius I.

Makarius I. ( Russian Макарий I .; bourgeois Michail Petrowitsch Bulgakow , Russian Михаил Петрович Булгаков ; * September 19 July / October 1,  1816 greg. In Surkovo, Ujesd Novy Oskol ; † June 9 , 1882 July / 21st July  1882 greg. in Moscow ) was a Russian bishop and metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church , church historian and university professor .

Life

Makarius was the sixth child of a poor country priest of Tatar descent, who died in 1822. Despite the hardship, the mother tried to educate the children. At the age of 9, Makarius was sent to the Korotscha spiritual school . He then switched to the spiritual school of Ujesd Belgorod , which he graduated in 1831. He then studied at the spiritual seminary in Kursk , graduating in 1837. He then taught there in the younger classes (until 1839).

Macarius studied out at the Spiritual Academy Kiev and was 1841 Master of Theology doctorate. In February 1841 he received the monastic tonsure , in March the ordination as Hierodeacon and in June the ordination as Hieromonachos . From 1841 to 1842 he taught Russian church history and Russian history at the Kiev Spiritual Academy . In 1842 he became assistant to the inspector of the St. Petersburg Spiritual Academy and in 1844 inspector (until 1850). In 1843 the Holy Synod appointed him extraordinary professor of theology.

In 1844 Makarius became a full professor of dogmatics at the Saint Petersburg Spiritual Academy (until 1857). In December 1844 he was ordained an Archimandrite . With his introduction to Orthodox theology, he received his doctorate in theology in 1847 . In 1850 he became rector of the Saint Petersburg Spiritual Academy. He proved to be a capable administrator and improved the financial situation of the teachers and students.

In 1851 Makarius was ordained bishop of Vinnitsa and vicar of Podolia , and he became abbot of Nikolai monastery in Shargorod . He redeveloped the administration of the eparchy . He headed the special department for the fight against the Old Believers, founded in 1853 in the Spiritual Academy Saint Petersburg . In 1854 he was awarded the Demidow Prize as a historian . In 1857 he became Bishop of Tambov and in 1859 Bishop of Kharkov . There he was editor-in-chief of the magazine Christianskoje Tschtenije and ensured the establishment of a church library that could be used by clergy and lay people . With his active participation, the Monastery of Demetrios of Thessaloniki was founded in the village of Ryaznoye ( Krasnopillja Rajon ). The number of public schools has quadrupled. In 1862 he was made archbishop .

In 1867 Makarius donated the Makarius Prize for Science and Charitable Activities. From 1918 to 1996 he was not awarded the prize. Since then, it has been the biennial main prize for Russian history and the history of the Russian Orthodox Church.

In 1868 Makarius became Archbishop of Lithuania in Vilnius . During his tenure, 293 churches were built or renovated. In 1879 he became metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna through an imperial ukase to the Most Holy Synod, succeeding Innokenti Weniaminow and a member of the Most Holy Synod. His liberal views were sharply rejected by conservative church leaders. He was an honorary member of the Imperial Archaeological Society and the Saint Petersburg Spiritual Academy.

In addition to his church activities, Makarius was an important historian. His main work was the twelve-volume History of the Russian Church, published in 1883. The completion of the 13th volume was prevented by his death. The best known of his theological works is the two-volume Dogmatics, which was translated into New Syrian by the mission of the Russian Orthodox Church in Urmia in 1912 .

Makarius was buried in the crypt of the Assumption Cathedral of the Trinity Monastery of Sergiev Posad . Sergei Nikolayevich Bulgakov was a distant relative.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bassow NI : Макарий (в мире Михаил Петрович Булгаков) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . tape XVIII , 1896, p. 397–398 ( Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона [accessed April 21, 2018]).
  2. ↑ a b c Русский биографический словарь: Макарий (Михаил Петрович Булгаков) (accessed April 21, 2018).
  3. ↑ ВИННИЦКОЕ ВИКАРИАТСТВО (accessed April 21, 2018).
  4. ↑ ПРЕМИИ ПАМЯТИ МИТРОПОЛИТА Московского и Коломенского МАКАРИЯ (Булгакова) (accessed April 21, 2018).
  5. ↑ Кессель Г. М .: Книжица крупиц - антология восточносирийской письменности . In: Символ . No. 55 , p. 332 .
personal data
SURNAME Macarius I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bulgakov, Mikhail Petrovich (real name); Булгаков, Михаил Петрович (Russian); Макарий I. (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian bishop, metropolitan and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 1, 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH Surkowo, Ujesd Nowy Oskol
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1882
Place of death Moscow