Manuel Joël

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Manuel Joël

Manuel [Sacharja Menachem] Joël (born October 19, 1826 in Birnbaum, today Międzychód ; died November 3, 1890 in Breslau ) was a Jewish scholar and rabbi .

Life

Manuel Joël, son of Rabbi Heimann (Chaim) Joël and brother of Rabbis David and Hermann and uncle of the later Basel philosopher Karl Joel , attended the elementary school in Skwierzyna (Schwerin an der Warthe.) At the age of 13 he received lessons from his father and his older brothers David and Herrmann. At the age of 17 he went to Poznan as a private tutor . From 1845 he attended the local high school. In March 1849 he passed his school leaving examination in Berlin .

From March 1849 he studied classical philology and philosophy as well as Jewish sciences at the University of Berlin . Here he came under the influence of Leopold Zunz and Michael Sachs . In 1852 he passed the senior teacher examination, in 1853 he received his doctorate at the University of Halle with a treatise on Aristotle 's doctrine of the will to become a Dr. phil. In 1854 he came to teach Classical Languages, Philosophy of Religion and Homiletics at the newly established Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau . In 1863 he was elected rabbi of the local liberal community as the successor to Abraham Geiger . In 1866 he turned down a call to the Berlin rabbinate. At rabbinical meetings in Kassel (1868) and Leipzig (1869) he represented a moderate reform movement in Judaism in contrast to Geiger's radical views and advocated the preservation of the Jewish character of the synagogue service as well as respect for the historical past. Together with his Orthodox colleague Gedalja Tiktin , he inaugurated the New Breslau Synagogue at Anger 8 in 1872 . He remained active in science journalism until his death in 1890.

Works

He published:

  • The religious philosophy of Maimonides . Breslau 1859, 49 pages, second, unchanged edition: Skutsch, Breslau 1877, 100 pages ( digitized ).
  • About the scientific influence of Judaism on the non-Jewish world. Lecture, Breslau 1861, 54 pages ( digitized ).
  • Lewi ben Gerson ( Gersonides ) as a religious philosopher. A contribution to the history of philosophy and philosophical exegesis of the Middle Ages. Skutsch, Breslau 1862, 105 pages ( digitized version ).
  • Relationship between Albert the Great and Moses Maimonides. A contribution to the history of medieval philosophy. Breslau 1863,
  • Don Chasdai Creska's religious-philosophical teachings are presented in their historical influences. Breslau 1866, 63 pages.
  • Spinoza ’s theological-political tract, checked for sources. Breslau 1870, 76 pages.
  • On the genesis of Spinoza's teaching. Breslau 1871, 74 pages.

These writings were collected together with various treatises as contributions to the history of philosophy (Skutsch, Breslau 1876, two volumes), a reprographic edition appeared in 1978 (Gerstenberg, Hildesheim, ISBN 3-8067-0730-8 ).

Some of the later writings are:

  • Notes on the Book of Daniel. Something about the books of Sifra and Sifre. Wroclaw 1873.
  • Religious-philosophical questions of the time. Wroclaw 1876.
  • Expert opinion on the Talmud. 1877.
  • Look into the history of religion. 1880–83, two volumes.

In the Berlin anti-Semitism dispute between 1879 and 1881, he was the first Jewish academic to take a position against the writings of the historian Heinrich von Treitschke .

He pioneered the investigation of the Jewish sources of Baruch de Spinoza's theological and political tract .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Steven B. Smith Spinoza, Liberalism and the question of jewish identity , Yale University Press 1997, foreword, p. XII
personal data
SURNAME Joël, Manuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Joel, Manuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Jewish scholar
DATE OF BIRTH October 19, 1826
PLACE OF BIRTH pear tree
DATE OF DEATH November 3, 1890
Place of death Wroclaw