Marburger Strasse (Berlin)
| Marburger Strasse | |
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| Marburger Strasse, view of the Europa Center | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Charlottenburg |
| Created | Between 1893 and 1896 |
| Connecting roads | Augsburger Strasse , Tauentzienstrasse |
| Places | Los Angeles Square |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 280 m |
The Marburger Straße is one of Berlin's City West , this small residential and commercial street. After its establishment shortly before the turn of the century, it was a place of artistic, homosexual and Jewish life and culture in the 1920s . After the cultural destruction by National Socialism from the 1930s onwards, large parts of the building on the street were also destroyed in the Second World War .
Today the street is mainly characterized by a few restaurants and retailers located in the section to Tauentzienstrasse .
Plant and New West
Marburger Strasse was not yet shown in the first Berlin development plan , the Hobrecht Plan from 1862, which outlined the planning basis of the entire “ New West ”. It was laid out between 1893 and 1896 and named after the city of Marburg . The street is around 280 meters long and one of the connecting streets between Tauentzienstrasse and Augsburger Strasse . Administratively it belongs to the district of Charlottenburg in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district .
The buildings erected in the Wilhelminian style in the first few years after the construction of the street were intended for tenants from the upper class . In 1897, an architecturally complex apartment building was built at Marburger Strasse 3, originally with eight to twelve rooms per apartment. In the neighboring house No. 4, a splendid brick building, the Protestant foundation Marienstift ran the hospice of the west for young working women under the direction of Oberin Elise von Rauch . A frequent guest was Rainer Maria Rilke .
At the beginning of the 20th century, the writer and temporary editor-in-chief of Kladderadatsch , Johannes Trojan , lived at Marburger Straße 12. He describes the peripheral location of the street by saying that “when he moved there, he still had a clear view of small potato and rye fields” .
The "Roaring Twenties"
Like many of the surrounding streets, Marburger Strasse was characterized by a mixture of artistic bohemia , openly lived homosexual culture and Jewish life in the " Golden Twenties " and early 1930s . A contemporary witness later described the atmosphere on site when she opened a restaurant around 1930 without success: “[...] on Marburger Strasse. Right behind the Tauentzien lies the. It was a good area, close to the zoo and Kurfürstendamm , but it was the wrong time. There were a lot of Jews in this restaurant, they were actors, they were artists, they were writers, and they were demanding! They wanted this, they wanted that and all day they sat with mineral water and debated. Most were unemployed and of course hungry, always hungry. They wanted to eat and pay later. I cooked and wrote to me and seldom saw any money, and the Nazis sent me two men every day, and I should volunteer to feed them. "
With the “Schlichter” and the “Mutzbauer”, two well-known artist bars were located on Marburger Strasse. The "Schlichter" restaurant had already opened in 1917 and was owned by Max Schlichter, the older brother of the painter Rudolf Schlichter . Rudolf Schlichter, Dadaist and member of the November group , maintained numerous connections with other artists in the city. It was through him that the restaurant became known in artistic circles; in return, Max Schlichter hung up primarily pictures of his brother in the restaurant as a kind of permanent exhibition. Early regulars were the painter and draftsman George Grosz , the writer Carl Einstein and the young Bertolt Brecht . In 1925, the "Schlichter" moved to the corner of Ansbacher and Martin-Luther-Straße , where it developed into one of the leading artists' bars in the city in the following years. Max Schlichter died in 1933.
A no less well-known address on Marburger Strasse was number 2, where the Austrian restaurant “Mutzbauer” was located. In the mid-twenties it enjoyed the reputation of being “particularly good and cheap” and was not only frequented by the theater audience, but also by the city's artists of Austrian origin. The writer and critic Alfred Polgar attributed a typically Viennese , relaxing effect to the Mutzbauer that is rare for Berlin . In addition to writers such as Klabund and Carl Zuckmayer , theater and film people, among them actresses such as Fritz Lang , Peter Lorre , Elisabeth Bergner , Rudolf Forster and Walter Reisch , Carola Neher , Billy Wilder , as well as Willy Fritsch , Grete Mosheim and Gerda Maurus frequented the city , Sybille Binder and Lissy Arna .
There were two lesbian clubs at Marburger Strasse 13. In addition to the “Chez ma belle soeur”, which is also accessible to voyeuristic tourists and men, the “Café Domino” is one of the top addresses for lesbian life in the city. It was preferred by masculine women wearing tails (“cheeky fathers ”) accompanied by their “girls”, cocktails, champagne and sherry were offered and jazz music was played .
In the early 1930s, the writer Irmgard Keun lived in a boarding house on Marburger Strasse. In her second novel, Das Kunstseidene Mädchen , she sketched, among other things, the lesbian life in the street from the perspective of the protagonist , a young, heterosexual new woman . From their point of view, the masculine women visiting the club were perceived as "perverse".
National Socialism and World War II
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Jewish organizations were located at Marburger Strasse 5, such as a clubhouse for women of the Jewish Women's Association or the Berlin Jewish Adult Education Center, which was unique in Europe at the time . They all had to give way during the Nazi era . Since 1942, the Holocaust has also hit the Jewish residents of Marburger Straße: nineteen stumbling blocks (including the 2000th stumbling block in the district, which was laid on June 8, 2013 ) have been remembering the names of the victims since the beginning of the 21st century and at the same time indicate how much the little street was previously shaped by Jewish life.
As a street immediately behind Tauentzienstrasse , Marburger Strasse suffered severe damage from bombing during World War II . At the end of the war, the southern half of the street was completely destroyed in addition to the buildings directly on Tauentzienstrasse.
Post-war and present
The southern half of the square between Augsburger Strasse, Rankestrasse and Marburger Strasse was exposed after the demolition of some of the last buildings in the 1950s. The vacant lot was used for a long time as a parking lot for visitors to Kurfürstendamm and Tauentzienstrasse and was only closed on November 29, 1982 by the Los-Angeles-Platz . Parking space has since offered an underground car park under the square. The entire park was sold to the parking garage operator Contipark on January 1, 1997 and thus privatized.
In 1965, a 77 meter long pedestrian bridge was built from Marburger Strasse across Tauentzienstrasse to access the then newly built Europa Center . Its construction was controversial because it disturbed the view from Tauentzienstrasse to the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church; it was dismantled in 1979 except for the pylon on Marburger Strasse. This could not be removed because there were safety concerns about blowing up the concrete base. In 1982 the pylon was included in a snack stand, which was named after the Schlemmer pylon fragment and which, according to Henryk M. Broder, looked "from the outside like an emergency landed spaceship". Since the pylon optically separated Marburger Strasse from Tauentzienstrasse and thus impaired the appearance of the street, the building was removed in 2010 and replaced by a flatter snack stand.
Today, Marburger Strasse is a comparatively inconspicuous commercial and residential street, which in the section to Augsburger Strasse is mainly characterized by the neighboring Steigenberger Hotel , the Los Angeles Platz in front of it and an administrative building for HUK-Coburg Insurance. On the other side, it is mainly a side street off Tauentzienstrasse. There are several restaurants located there, including the Italian restaurant Bacco , which has been known far beyond Berlin for over three decades . An extensive restoration, Marburger Strasse 3, was also repaired in 2009, the only building from the time when Marburger Strasse was built, largely preserved in its original state. It is used today for residential, business and cultural purposes.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview map of the development plan of the surroundings of Berlin. The development plan designed in Roth and made out four times for the Kgl. Police Presidium, the Charlottenburg Magistrate. Berlin 1862, online
- ↑ a b Marburger Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ Measurement using Google Maps with Maps Labs rangefinder , accessed March 14, 2013
- ↑ a b Irja Wendisch: The history of Marburger Straße 3 from 1896 to today ( memento of the original from November 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Online ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed March 15, 2013
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^ Walter Simon (ed.): From the correspondence between Rainer Maria Rilke and the Taxis-Hohenloheschen Familienkreis , Verlag Münster, 2016, p. 115
Letter from Rainer Maria Rilke to Herwarth Walden dated March 30, 1906 (Berlin State Library, Sturm-Archiv I, Rilke, Rainer Maria, Bl. 11–13) - ↑ Fred Oberhauser, Nicole Henneberg: Literary Guide Berlin. , 1998, ISBN 3-458-33877-2 , p. 352
- ↑ Gabriele Goettle: Frau Hiller - A Life in Metamorphosis , taz No. 5063, October 28, 1996, pp. 13-14
- ↑ a b Uwe Fleckner: Carl Einstein and his century , 2006, ISBN 978-3-05-003863-6 , pp. 137, 439
- ↑ Jürgen Schebera: Back then in the Romanisches Café - artists and their bars in Berlin in the twenties. Rev. new edition. Berlin: The New Berlin . 2005, ISBN 3-360-01267-4 , pp. 114-133
- ^ Eugen Szatmari: Das Buch von Berlin , 1927, p. 69
- ^ Christian Jäger: Vienna as a promise, Berlin as hope. In: John Warren / Ulrike Zitzlsperger (eds.): Vienna meets Berlin. Cultural Interactions 1918-1933 , 2005, pp. 125-138
- ↑ a b Guido von Kaulla : Brennendes Herz Klabund , 1971, p. 187
- ↑ Stephen Youngkin: The Lost One: A Life of Peter Lorre , ISBN 0-8131-7185-7 , 2012, p. 37
- ^ Andreas Hutter, Klaus Kamolz: Billie Wilder: a European career , ISBN 3-205-98868-X , 1998, p. 96
- ↑ Herbert Günther: Where to find “them” In: Scherl's Magazin , Vol. 7, Issue 5, May 1931, pp. 449–454
- ↑ a b Katie Sutton: The Masculine Woman in Weimar Germany , ISBN 978-0-85745-121-7 , 2011, p. 166
- ↑ Florence Tamagne: History of Homosexuality in Europe, 1919-1939 . 2005, ISBN 978-0-87586-356-6 , p. 54
- ^ Ingrid Marchlewitz: Irmgard Keun - Leben und Werk , ISBN 3-8260-1621-1 , 1998, p. 26
- ↑ Lara Dämmig: Bertha Falkenberg - a search for clues , accessed on 17 March 2013
- ↑ Georg Zivier, Walter Huder: 300 Years of the Jewish Community in Berlin , Press and Information Office of the State of Berlin, 1971, p. 57
- ↑ alt-berlin.info: building damage 1945, publisher: B. Aust i. A. of the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Accessed March 14, 2013
- ^ Chronicle: Berlin in 1982 . In: Facts Day by Day , Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein , accessed on December 24, 2012
- ↑ The drug scene is gone: Los-Angeles-Platz has been owned by a company for three years: the private park is closed at night . In: Berliner Zeitung , August 25, 1999
- ^ Henryk M. Broder : Menu on the wall , In: Spiegel Special 6/1997, Online
- ↑ berlin.de: Lexicon Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf from A to Z: Schlemmer-Pylon - Berlin.de , accessed on March 17, 2013
- ↑ berlin.de: Demolition of the “Schlemmer” pylon in Marburger Strasse - Berlin.de , accessed on March 17, 2013
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '8.7 " N , 13 ° 20' 10.9" E