Marcell Nemes

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
József Rippl-Rónai : Portrait of Marcell Nemes (1912)

Marcell Nemes , also Marczell (born May 4, 1866 in Jánoshalma , Austrian Empire as Moses Klein ; died October 28, 1930 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian financial magnate, art collector and art patron.

Life

Moses Klein's ancestors had been running a wool and tobacco trade in Transylvania since the 1830s , which by the end of the 19th century had expanded to include the timber and coal trade and financial transactions. Marcell Nemes had Hungarianized his name , he was appointed to the Hungarian royal council in 1903 due to his economic success and in 1908 he was ennobled as a nobleman by Janoshalma .

In addition to his business activities, he dealt with art as a "marchand amateur" from around the 1890s. Nemes' particular passion for collecting was woven fabrics from the Renaissance , he also collected furniture, sculptures and old paintings from the Dutch and Flemish 17th centuries, but also paintings by contemporaries, especially 19th century French painting from Eugène Delacroix to Vincent van Gogh . Nemes became one of the rediscoverers of El Greco by finding some of his pictures himself in Spain and adding them to his collection. His purchases were based on the art-historical preparatory work by Julius Meier-Graefes and on the preparatory work of Paris and Munich art dealers. For example, he acquired the Immaculate Conception and Christ Carrying the Cross in the exhibition of ancient Spanish art set up by August Liebmann Mayer in 1911 at the Munich gallery Heinemann Greco's Immaculate Conception .

His collection of paintings was first presented in 1910 in Budapest's Szépművészeti Múzeum , which included eighty works, including a. discussed in the magazines Cicerone , magazine for visual arts , in Pester Lloyd and in the recently founded Hungarian magazine Nyugat . He sent part of his collection together with the painting Paul Cézanne's The Boy with the Red Vest, acquired in 1909, in June 1911 in a small selection of Impressionist paintings such as Corot , Manet , Courbet and Degas , and old masters such as Koninck , Abraham van Beijeren and Rubens , to Munich.

In the hanging organized by the Munich museum director Hugo von Tschudi , the eight pictures by El Greco on display fanned the “El Greco fever” among young German artists such as Max Beckmann , Oskar Kokoschka , Max Oppenheimer or Ludwig Meidner and also among members of the artist group Der Blaue Reiter wie August Macke , Franz Marc and Albert Bloch continued, while the established art business saw the show in the Alte Pinakothek, which consisted of only 36 pictures, "at most like a new fashion display" and breathed a sigh of relief, "when the dangerous collection is gone, without having to keep anything ”. A review of the Munich exhibition in the Almanac “Der Blaue Reiter”, which Marc intended to include, did not appear. According to Kandinsky's suggestion, Tschudi's foreword to the Munich Nemes exhibition should also have appeared in the Almanac. In this programmatic foreword (and at the same time legacy) Tschudi had also highlighted Nemes' great merit as a new type of collector , contributing a great deal to the understanding of painterly problems by simply juxtaposing El Greco's works with the French Impressionists . In Bavaria , at the end of 1911, Nemes received the Order of Merit from Saint Michael in return for donating two Courbet paintings . In 1912, Nemes was able to show 122 paintings in the Städtische Kunsthalle Düsseldorf , and these also had a strong impact there. Nemes' pictures should have been shown in Cologne and Berlin as well, but the collector Nemes was also inevitably a dealer.

At the end of 1911 the Mannheim entrepreneur Karl Lanz took over 40 old master paintings from him. In 1913 Nemes was also dependent on liquidity and now sold the majority of his collection through the Parisian art trade , after unsuccessfully offering the Düsseldorf residents ten El Grecos and 112 old masters and modern painters for six million gold marks . In the Paris auction in the Galerie Manzi came u. a. twelve El Greco, ten Courbet, four Manet, six Renoir and six Cézanne under the hammer. The industrialist Gottlieb Friedrich Reber from Wuppertal paid 56,000 francs for Cézanne's picture of the boy in the red vest alone . The portrait of the father , which was already controversial at the time and still attributed to Rembrandt van Rijn , was auctioned for 516,000 francs, Tintoretto's adulteress fetched 240,000 francs, El Greco's Immaculate Conception fetched 155,000 francs, the Holy Family with the fruit bowl 173,000 francs, but a total of 173,000 francs appeared to the reporter in Cicerone Georg Biermann disappointed the auction results.

After the First World War, Nemes fled Budapest during the Hungarian revolutionary turmoil and settled permanently at Leopoldstrasse 10 in Munich in the 1920s . In 1921 Nemes bought the castle in Tutzing for 800,000 Reichsmarks . Under him, the palace and park underwent a splendid renovation. During a stay in Venice in 1924 he bought the unfinished Palazzo Venier dei Leoni on the Grand Canal , and neither did the previous owner Luisa Casati and the later owner Peggy Guggenheim pursue the erection of the palazzo beyond the existing stump .

In 1924, Oskar Reinhart bought a Goya from Nemes, and in 1928 parts of another extensive collection in Amsterdam were sold. Oskar Kokoschka portrayed Nemes in 1928 two years before his death; At that time he still had a painting by El Greco in his large collection, but above all his collected materials.

During his lifetime, a “Marcell Nemes Prize” was awarded in Hungary, which was awarded until 1946, with an interruption due to the war.

places

Painting in the Nemes collection

  • Paul Cézanne: The Boy in the Red Vest (1894/95)

  • El Greco: El Espolio

  • Hieronymus Bosch : Christ before Pilate

  • Martínez del Mazo : Portrait of the Infante Don Baltasar Carlos (ca.1635)

  • Gerard David : Mary with Child in a Landscape (ca.1520)

  • Édouard Manet: La Rue Mosnier aux drapeaux or: le 30 juin 1878, Rue de Berne

  • Anonymous (Ferrara): Madonna and Child

  • Abraham van Beijeren: Still Life

  • Maerten van Heemskerck: Lamentation of Christ

  • El Greco: St. Andrew the Apostle (ca.1610)

  • Gerard ter Borch the Elder J .: Hermana from the Cruysse

  • József Rippl-Rónai: Two plaintive women

Literature / exhibition

  • Z. Skász:  Nemes from Jánoshalma, Marcell. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 65.
  • István Németh: From El Greco to the French Expressionists: The exhibition of the Marczell von Nemes collection in Budapest, Munich and Düsseldorf . in: Beat Wismer : El Greco and the modern age . Museum Kunstpalast, Düsseldorf, April 28 - August 12, 2012. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2012 ISBN 978-3-7757-3326-7 , pp. 386–393
  • István Németh: The Greco collector Marczell von Nemes and the German museums , in: Matthias Less (Hrsg.): Greco, Velazquez, Goya. Spanish painting from German collections . Munich, Prestel 2005
  • Veronika Schroeder: Spain and the modern age - Marczell von Nemes, Julius Meier-Graefe, Hugo Tschudi . in: Manet to van Gogh: Hugo von Tschudi and the struggle for modernity . Munich: Prestel, 1996 ISBN 3-7913-1748-2 , pp. 419-423
  • Veronika Schroeder: El Greco in early German Expressionism: from art history as a history of style to art history as a history of ideas . Frankfurt am Main [u. a.]: Lang, 1998 ISBN 3-631-32305-0 Diss. Munich 1996
  • Marczell von Nemes collection: paintings, sculptures, textiles, applied arts. Auction catalog. Auction management: Mensing & Sohn / Cassirer / Helbing . Munich 1931 . Munich: Verl. Helbing 1931. Foreword by Max J. Friedländer
  • Simon Meller: Marczell von Nemes , in: Zeitschrift für Bildenden Kunst, Leipzig, 1931–1932, No. 65, pp. 25–30
  • Paul Schubring: The Nemes Collection in Budapest , in: Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst 22 (1910-11) 28-38
  • Gabriel von Térey: The Marcell von Nemes Collection in Budapest , in: Art and Artists 9 (1911) 217-224
  • Gabriel von Térey: The Greco pictures of the Nemes collection , in: Der Cicerone 3 (1911) 1-6
  • Catalog of the from the collection of the Kgl. Council Marczell von Nemes - Paintings exhibited in Budapest , Alte Pinakothek, Munich 1911.
  • Catalog of the from the collection of the Kgl. Council Marczell von Nemes - Paintings exhibited in Budapest , Städtische Kunsthalle, Düsseldorf 1912.

Web links

Commons : Marcell Nemes  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Biographical information according to Veronika Schroeder: Spanien und die Moderne , p. 419f; István Németh: From El Greco to the French Expressionists , p. 386ff
  2. ↑ The ÖBL (see literature ) states 1910 as the year of the ennoblement.
  3. ↑ Veronika Schroeder: El Greco in early German Expressionism . P. 96
  4. ↑ Your own contribution to research is controversial, see Veronika Schroeder: Spanien und die Moderne , pp. 419f; Veronika Schroeder: El Greco in early German Expressionism . P. 96 footnote 314; István Németh: From El Greco to the French Expressionists , pp. 386–393
  5. ^ Elisabeth Hipp: El Greco in Munich, 1909-1911 , in: Beat Wismer: El Greco and the modern . P. 345
  6. ↑ Jost Auf der Maur: The long journey of the “boy” , NZZ , February 17, 2008
  7. ↑ according to Jost Auf der Maur: The long journey of the “boy” , NZZ, February 17, 2008, Cézanne's “boy” was exhibited at the Nemes exhibitions in Budapest, Munich and Düsseldorf. There is no such reference in Schroeder or Németh.
  8. ^ Franz Marc: Geistige Güter , in: Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc: Der Blaue Reiter . Annotated new edition by Klaus Lankheit , Piper, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-492-24121-2 , p. 22
  9. ↑ The Blue Rider. Provisional table of contents . in: Andreas Hüneke (ed.), The blue rider: Documents of a spiritual movement . Afterword by Andreas Hüneke, Leipzig: Reclam 1986, p. 80
  10. ↑ Jessica Horsley: The Almanac of the Blue Rider as a Gesamtkunstwerk: An Interdisciplinary Investigation . Peter Lang, Frankfurt 2006, ISBN 978-3-631-54943-8 . P. 40
  11. ↑ Foreword in excerpts from: Andreas Hüneke (Ed.), The blue rider: Documents of a spiritual movement . Leipzig: Reclam 1986, p. 453f; also: Veronika Schroeder: El Greco in early German Expressionism . P. 98
  12. ↑ $ 103,200 is given for a Rembrandt; High Prices Realized at the First Day of the Marczell de Nemes Sale. , NYT , June 18, 1913
  13. ↑ Veronika Schroeder: El Greco in early German Expressionism . P. 104f
  14. ↑ Evangelical Academy Tutzing , August 4, 2012
  15. ↑ Nemes Marcell-díj see Hungarian Wikipedia hu: Nemes Marcell-díj
  16. ↑ Veronika Schroeder: El Greco in early German Expressionism . P. 99 footnote 330; P. 203; P. 212
personal data
SURNAME Nemes, Marcell
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nemes, Marczell; Klein, Moses (maiden name); Nemes from Jánoshalma, Marcell
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian art collector
DATE OF BIRTH May 4, 1866
PLACE OF BIRTH Jánoshalma
DATE OF DEATH October 28, 1930
Place of death Budapest