Maria Marc
Maria Marc , née Bertha Pauline Marie Franck (born June 12, 1876 in Berlin ; † January 25, 1955 in Ried , municipality of Kochel am See ) was a German painter , image maker and second wife of Franz Marc .
life and work
Youth and education
Maria Franck, who came from a middle-class Protestant house, was born in Berlin as the daughter of the accountant and later bank director Philipp Franck (1843–1913) and his wife Helene Franck, née Sonntag. From 1883 she attended a secondary school for girls in Berlin. Her artistic talent was encouraged during her school days by taking piano and singing lessons and attending an art school.
After finishing school, Maria Franck completed her training as a drawing teacher for elementary, middle and high schools at the Berlin Royal Art School in 1895 . She was trained, among other things, in drawing based on “bodies based on models”, “decorated architectural parts” and “living plants”. Her teacher was among others the painter, graphic artist and drawing teacher Philipp Franck (named after her father). In 1899 Franck took lessons at the art academy in Berlin in the ladies' studio of the painter and illustrator Karl Storch and spent the summer of the same year in Holstein Switzerland with her teacher and classmates to do open-air painting. In the summer of 1900 she painted again in Ostholstein, and for the summer of 1901 her Storch recommended the area around Kellinghusen. In the summer of 1902 she took her fourth trip to Schleswig-Holstein with her friend Marianne Dusch, after which her parents allowed her to stay in Munich for a limited time until April 1903. Here she entered the women's academy of the Munich female artists' association , since studies at the art academy for women were not yet planned. Her teachers at the women's academy were Angelo Jank and Max Feldbauer . In early 1904, her parents allowed her to return to Munich.
Encounter with Franz Marc
In February 1905, Maria Franck and Franz Marc met for the first time at the Bauernkirchweihball, a Schwabing costume party, but lost sight of each other again as Franck returned to Berlin shortly afterwards. She spent the summer and autumn of 1905 in the Worpswede artists' colony , drawing under the guidance of Otto Modersohn . In December, Franck and Franz Marc, who in the meantime had a close friendship with the painter Marie Schnür (* 1869; †?), Who was eleven years his senior , met again at a costume party, from which an intimate relationship developed. In February 1906 Marc and Franck, one of Schnür's students, went to Kochel am See for painting stays . Franz Marc, who went to Kochel alone at the beginning of May to paint, then spent the summer with Maria Franck, who came a short time later, and Marie Schnür, who joined Marc in June, for a ménage à trois in Kochel. Marc first painted both women life-size in one picture, then cut it apart, one half of which is the portrait of Maria Marc (1906). The sketch showing both women is exhibited in the Franz Marc Museum in Kochel am See.
Since Schnür wanted to take her son Klaus, born out of wedlock in February 1906 in Paris from the relationship with her teacher Angelo Jank (according to Brigitte Roßbeck's Marc biography 2015 was the father August Gallinger ), Marc gave her a marriage promise, which he made Maria Franck communicated in November 1906, and married Schnür on March 27, 1907 in Munich. From April onwards, Maria Franck, who was financially completely dependent on her parents, had psychosomatic symptoms of rheumatism in the right hand, which kept recurring until the end of her life. On July 8, 1908, the marriage ended in divorce. However, since she accused Marc of adultery with Maria Franck, contrary to the agreement, Marc needed a dispensation to marry Franck. This was initially not granted. Maria Franck was Marc's only partner from 1908. In the summer both worked in Lenggries .
The following year they rented the property of master carpenter Josef Niggl in Sindelsdorf for the summer months , which they finally moved into in April 1910 until 1914. The couple met the painter August Macke in January 1910 and became friends with him. Macke portrayed both of them two years later in the studio. At the end of May 1910 he painted the brightly colored nude with a cat in the Fauvist style, in which Maria served as a model .
New artists' association Munich and the Blue Rider
Franz Marc, who visited the second exhibition of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München (NKVM) from September 1 to 14, 1910, had his first contact with the artists of the NKVM shortly afterwards and was able to report to Maria Franck that they unanimously made him a member and 3 . Had elected chairman.
On December 2, 1911 the jury of the NKVM met and rejected Kandinsky's composition V / The Last Judgment . From Maria Franck one learns revealing details of this legendary meeting through a long letter to August Macke , which she “did not attend”, which she only knew from reports from Marc. As a result, Kandinsky, Marc, Gabriele Münter and Alfred Kubin left the NKVM, and the editorial community of the Blue Rider was founded in Munich, whose first exhibition from December 18, 1911 in the Thannhauser gallery at the same time and in the same building as the third Exhibition of the NKVM took place. The name of the editorial group Der Blaue Reiter originated in Sindelsdorf; Kandinsky said in his retrospect in 1930: “ We invented the name Der Blaue Reiter on the coffee table in the gazebo in Sindelsdorf. We both loved blue, Marc - horses, I - riders. So the name came by itself. And Mrs. Maria Marc's fairytale coffee tasted even better. "
At the second exhibition of the Blue Rider from February 12 to March 18, 1912 at Hans Goltz's at Briennerstrasse 8, which ran under the title Black and White and exclusively showed graphic works, Maria Franck, whose main interests were children and children's toys , three children's pictures with toys. Her wish for a child of her own did not come true, which she suffered greatly from, as can be seen from letters to Elisabeth Macke.
Marriage to Franz Marc
In 1911, a dispensation requested by Marc to marry Maria Franck had been refused, which is why Marc and Franck traveled to London at the beginning of June to enter into a marriage under English law. When they arrived there, they learned that recently marriages of German citizens have only been concluded if it can be proven that there is no impediment to marriage in their home country. Further attempts by pastors to obtain a church wedding failed, and in order to get married in Scotland , those wishing to marry had to have been in the country for at least three weeks beforehand. For this, said Maria later, “her cash was not enough”. Despite this failure, they had already prepared double-sided advertisements in Germany with the text “Franz Marc, Munich, Maria Marc, geb. Franck, Sindelsdorf, married, June 1911 ”and from then on referred to each other publicly as a married couple.
On the occasion of the preparations for the second exhibition of the Blue Rider in 1912, Franz Marc and Paul Klee met. Since February 1913, when Franz Marc first sent a postcard he had painted to Lily Klee on the 7th of that month, Maria Franck had been taking piano lessons from her once a month on Ainmillerstrasse in Munich.
Five years after Marc's divorce from Marie Schnür, Maria's lawyer, Heinrich Fromm, got the longed-for dispensation issued, so that nothing stood in the way of an official wedding. On June 3, 1913, Maria Franck and Franz Marc married in a civil registry office in Munich and from the spring of 1914 lived in their own house in Ried near Kochel am See .
Marc was drafted into military service at the beginning of the First World War in August 1914. He wrote many letters to his wife and friends that were published as letters from the field . Unlike her husband at first, Maria Marc was unable to find any good sides in the war.
After the death of Franz Marc
After Franz Marc had fallen on March 4, 1916, Maria Marc took over the administration of the estate and Herwarth Walden took over the representation of his work and supported a work show in October 1916. In 1917 she had his body transferred from the park of Gussainville Castle to the Kochel cemetery, where she was also buried later. In 1920 she arranged for an edition of Marc's notes, in 1936 Alois Schardt was able to publish a first monograph on Franz Marc with her help. She finally handed over the processing of Marc's written estate to Klaus Lankheit .
In 1922 she enrolled at the Bauhaus in Weimar to study weaving . Between 1929 and 1938 Maria Marc lived mainly in Ascona on Lake Maggiore , there near Marianne von Werefkin and near the artists' society of Monte Verità .
Although Maria Marc did not belong to the NKVM, she was invited by Adolf Erbslöh in 1932 to the planned 4th exhibition in 1934 on the occasion of the "25th anniversary of the former New Artists' Association Munich". After the seizure of power of Adolf Hitler on 30 January 1933, the exhibition could not be realized because in the meantime the painting not only the members of the former NKVM under the verdict Degenerate Art had fallen.
In 1939 she moved back into the house in Ried and wove together with Johanna Schütz-Wolff , with whom she had become friends at the Bauhaus, during the war. Both women made their own colors from plants .
She showed her own work only once in 1952 in the Munich "Modern Gallery Otto Stangl" eleven of her woven carpets together with Franz Marc's sketchbook from the war. A first exhibition on the textile and painting work of Maria Marc took place in 1995 in the Lenbachhaus in Munich.
After Maria Marc's death on January 25, 1955, Otto Stangl became the administrator of the estate. With the assistance of Klaus Lankheit, he promoted the creation of the Franz Marc Museum in Kochel, which opened in 1986 .
Japanese color woodblock print collection
Maria Franck shared her admiration for Japanese woodblock prints with Franz Marc, as can be seen from their correspondence. When Franck was in Bad Aibling for a cure in 1907 , Marc gave her a book with Japanese woodcuts and wrote: “Do you know what the little book that comes with here means. I am solemnly giving it to you as a love booklet and love symbol. ”It was about erotic woodcuts . She replied: “[I] want to thank you - thank you for the little book as such and as a token of your love. [...] How beautiful are the individual leaves, how expressive and stimulating. [...] What fine and strange people are the Japanese. "
Marc commented on other gifts of this kind to Maria with the words: “Aren't they masterpieces that I always put in my letters? That divine Hokusai ! ”Then she announced to Marc that she wanted to collect the presents as a collection. One of the books ended up in the holdings of the Murnau Castle Museum . It contains works by Utagawa Kunisada and Utagawa Kuniyoshi and is dedicated by Franz Marc: “ex libris Marie Franck dedic. French M. July 1907 ".
Exhibitions
- 1912: Black and white , second exhibition of the Blauer Reiter, Munich book and art dealer Hans Goltz , Munich
- 1995/96: Maria Marc. Life and work 1876–1955 . Exhibition from December 6, 1995 to January 21, 1996 in the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus , Munich
- 2004: Maria Marc in the circle of the "Blue Rider" . Exhibition in the Murnau Castle Museum , July 29 to November 7, 2004
Works
- around 1907/09: Still life with three jugs , private property
- around 1908: Children's picture , private property
- around 1909: Apple basket in the grass , private property
- around 1912/13: Birken am Wehr , private property
- around 1950: Black Line , woven carpet, private property
literature
- Annegret Hoberg : Maria Marc, Life and Work, 1876–1955 . Exhib. Cat .: Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-88645-129-1
- Annegret Hoberg: Franz and Maria Marc . Prestel, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7913-3184-1 . (Covers the period up to 1916)
- Kirsten Jüngling and Brigitte Roßbeck : Franz and Maria Marc. The biography of the artist couple . Artemis and Winkler, Düsseldorf / Zurich 2000, ISBN 3-538-07110-1 ; List, Berlin 2005, ISBN 978-3-548-60429-9
- Hildegard Möller: Painters and Muses of the "Blue Rider" , Piper, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-05017-3
- Brigitte Salmen (Ed.): Maria Marc in the circle of the "Blue Rider" . Exhib. Cat .: Murnau Castle Museum 2004, ISBN 978-3-93227-618-7
- Brigitte Salmen (ed.): The painters of the "Blauer Reiter" and Japan: "... these tender, spirited fantasies ..." . Exhibition catalog Schloßmuseum Murnau 2011, ISBN 978-3-932276-39-2
- Ulrich Schulte-Wülwer and Felicias Brachet-Schneider: Karl Storch and his painting students Maria Marc, Marianne Rusche and Paula Steiner-Prag. In: Nordelbingen / Society for Schleswig-Holstein History, Vol. 82, 2013, pp. 151–172.
- Brigitte Roßbeck: Franz Marc. The dreams and the life. Biography. Siedler, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-88680-982-0 .
- Maria Marc / Brigitte Roßbeck (eds.): Sometimes my heart threatens to burst. My life with Franz Marc. Siedler Verlag, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-8275-0035-9
- Brigitte Roßbeck / Christine Hübner: "What a rich, fruitful time ..." Franz and Maria Marc in Sindelsdorf. 1909-1914 . Published by the Sindelsdorf community, Sindelsdorf 2017
Movies
- Memories of Franz and Maria Marc. Documentary, directed by Steffen Wimmers, length 82 minutes, blackdog film production, Wachtberg 2017, ISBN 978-3-00-055226-7 .
Web links
- Murnau Castle Museum : Painting Mummenschanz at night (1911) by Maria Marc
- Franz Marc Museum
- Photography : Franz and Maria Marc in front of the Josef Niggl joinery with Russi dog
Individual evidence
- ^ Annegret Hoberg, Isabelle Jansen: Franz Marc. Catalog raisonné , Volume II: Aquarelle . Beck, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-406-51139-2 , No. 33, p. 42.
- ↑ Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey: Chronology of a friendship . In: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (Eds.): Franz Marc. Paul Klee. Dialogue in Pictures , p. 198
- ↑ Kirsten Jüngling / Brigitte Roßbeck, Franz and Maria Marc, Düsseldorf / Zurich 2000, p. 17
- ↑ Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey, in: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (eds.), P. 200
- ↑ Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey, in: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (eds.), P. 202
- ↑ Annegret Hoberg, Isabelle Jansen, Franz Marc. Catalog raisonné , Volume I: Paintings . Beck, Munich 2004, No. 48, p. 82.
- ^ Brigitte Salmen: Maria Marc. Life and life's work , p. 8. In: Brigitte Salmen (Ed.): Maria Marc in the circle of the "Blue Rider" . Exhibition catalog, Schloßmuseum Murnau, 2004. The picture is shown there on the book cover and as # 76. See also: Annegret Hoberg, Isabelle Jansen: Franz Marc. Catalog raisonné , Volume I: Paintings , p. 83
- ^ Brigitte Salmen, Maria Marc. Life and life's work , p. 8
- ↑ " Just keep this, my home and you," pressreader.com, accessed April 28, 2015
- ↑ In § 1312 BGB it was stipulated that "a marriage cannot be concluded between a spouse divorced due to adultery and the person with whom the divorced spouse had committed adultery if this adultery is established as the reason for divorce in the divorce judgment". Roßbeck 2015, page 108
- ↑ Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey, in: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (Eds.), Pp. 203 f.
- ↑ Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey, in: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (eds.), P. 205
- ↑ Quoted from the Weblink Schloßmuseum Murnau
- ↑ Katja Förster: In search of a perfect being. Franz Marc's development from a romantic to a metaphysical interpretation . Dissertation at the University of Karlsruhe 2000, p. 77 f
- ^ Franz-Marc-Museum , www.franz-marc-museum.de, accessed on November 5, 2011
- ↑ Günter Meißner (Ed.): Franz Marc: Letters, writings and records . Leipzig and Weimar 1980, p. 45 f.
- ↑ Wolfgang Macke (Ed.): August Macke. Franz Marc: Correspondence , Cologne 1964, p. 83
- ↑ Wassily Kandinsky: “The Blue Rider”, (review). In: Das Kunstblatt 14, 1930, p. 59, note.
- ↑ a b Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey, in: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (eds.), P. 208
- ↑ Rosel Gollek: The Blue Rider in the Lenbachhaus Munich , Munich 1982, p 408
- ↑ Roßbeck 2015, page 172
- ↑ Roßbeck 2015, page 173
- ↑ Roßbeck 2015, page 224
- ↑ Beate Ofczarek, Stefan Frey, in: Michael Baumgartner, Cathrin Klingsöhr-Leroy, Katja Schneider (eds.), Page 210 f.
- ↑ Susanna Partsch: Marc , page 92 f., 95
- ^ Brigitte Salmen, Maria Marc. Life and life's work , p. 19 f.
- ^ Adolf Erbslöh, letter to Otto Fischer dated November 26, 1932, in: OttoFischer, Ein Kunsthistoriker des Zwanzsten Jahrhundert, Reutlingen 1886-Basel 1948, Reutlingen 1986, p. 38
- ↑ Bernd Fäthke, The 4th Exhibition of the Neue Künstlervereinigung München, in exh. Cat .: Alexej Jawlensky, heads etched and painted, Die Wiesbadener Jahre, Galerie Draheim, Wiesbaden 2012, p. 35 ff. ISBN 978-3-00-037815-7
- ^ Brigitte Salmen, Maria Marc. Life and life's work , p. 20f
- ↑ Sandra Uhrig, Maria Marc and Weaving - Recalling Your Own Creativity , p. 33 f. in: Brigitte Salmen (Ed.): Maria Marc in the circle of the "Blue Rider" . Exhibition catalog, Murnau Castle Museum, 2004.
- ↑ Quoted from the Franz Marc Museum
- ↑ a b c Brigitte Salmen: The painters of the "Blauer Reiter" and their encounter with Japanese art . In: Brigitte Salmen (Ed.): "... these tender, spirited fantasies ...". The painters of the “Blue Rider” and Japan , exh. Cat. Schloßmuseum Murnau 2011, p. 72
- ↑ Annegret Hoberg, Maria Marc: Life and Work 1876-1955 , exh. Cat .: City Galerie im Lenbachhaus, Munich 1995, p. 23
- ↑ Brigitte Salmen (Ed.): "... these tender, spirited fantasies ...". The painters of the “Blue Rider” and Japan , exh. Cat.Murnau Castle Museum 2011, Cat.No. 106, ill.p. 196
- ↑ Irene Netta, Ursula Keltz: 75 years of the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus and Kunstbau Munich . Ed .: Helmut Friedel. Self-published by the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus and Kunstbau, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-88645-157-7 , p. 227 .
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Marc, Maria |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Franck, Bertha Pauline Marie (maiden name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter, picture maker and second wife of Franz Marc |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 12, 1876 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
DATE OF DEATH | January 25, 1955 |
Place of death | Ried (Kochel am See) |