Marienstein (Nörten-Hardenberg)
Marie Stone is a former monastery church that in 1928 spots Norten-Hardenberg was incorporated. It is located in the southern Lower Saxony Leinetal about ten kilometers north of Göttingen and ten kilometers south of Northeim . Marienstein is located in the south-western part of Nörten-Hardenberg.
history
The oldest written mention of Marienstein comes from the year 1055, when Archbishop Lippold of Mainz gave a capellam nomine Steina to the newly founded Petersstift in Nörten. According to a document from 1102, the chapel mentioned was consecrated to St. Mary , the Mother of God . In older literature there is an earlier mention from the year 890, in which a place called Steynhem is mentioned as belonging to the Corvey monastery . However, this information could not be verified later, also contradicts the continuous name tradition as "Steina" and is therefore no longer cited in more recent literature. The extended place name "Marienstein" has only been passed down since the 17th century and probably served to distinguish it from the nearby village of Angerstein .
When Ruthard , Archbishop of Mainz, was staying at Hardenberg Castle around 1100 , he decided to build a monastery nearby. He liked the Marienstein Chapel, so in 1102 he broke the connection between the chapel and the surrounding countryside and St. Peter's Monastery. He then handed over the supervision of the estate to the Benedictines and commissioned them to build a monastery.
When the monastery was founded, the income and possessions of the monastery were still relatively low, the monastery only received benefits from baptisms, funerals or other sacrifices and gifts. The sources of income included the chapel, four Hufen Landes and two farms in Oyshusen, a village between Bishausen and Sudershausen that no longer exists today , which was fiefdomed by Wulferich von Winkel and returned to the monastery in 1105, as well as the usufruct of the neighboring forest and the meadows and pastures there. In the following years the area of the estate and the property of the monastery increased. In order to defend the monastery property, the Lords of Plesse were chosen as patrons of the monastery. Due to the scattered properties in the Leinetal, the monastery gained a considerable influence on the local agriculture and the reclamation of desolate stretches, whereby it contributed not a little to the fertility of the area. In addition to forests, farms and houses, there are eighteen Hufen land in the Angersteins field for the growth of the property, and the monastery in Bovender district also had eleven and a half Hufen and 32 acres of land. Other possessions were in the neighboring villages as well as in Ebergötzen , Volpriehausen , Lenglern , and Moringen, among others . In the later years, the monastery also lost some of its land due to mismanagement, but in 1890 it was able to demonstrate 642 acres and 51 square rods of arable land, gardens and meadows.
The Lords of Plesse remained patrons of the monastery until 1394. That year they borrowed money from the von Hardenberg family and, among other things, pledged a third of the monastery for it. When the owners were unable to repay their debts, Dietrich and Hildebrand von Hardenberg shared this pledge in 1409. From this time on, the monastery property was already partially owned by the Lords of Hardenberg. When the von Plesse family died out in 1571, the Archbishop of Mainz placed Marienstein completely under the protection of the Hardenberg family. In any case, various problems emerged on the part of the order settlement in the 15th century, various interventions in its internal order prove this. In addition, it fell victim to the warlike campaign of Duke Wilhelm of Saxony to Soest in June 1447. When he withdrew from Nörten, he set the town on fire, and the monastery did not remain unscathed. Archbishop Dietrich von Mainz tried to remedy the plight of Marienstein in 1447 by increasing the order's branch to a collegiate monastery and relocating the Mündener Kaland with its possessions and income here. The Lords of Plesse received the patronage and had to give the prebends , which brought them into disputes with the canons. They tried to get the goods and authorizations they brought in and restore the old state. In 1459, for example, the people of Pless complained to the archbishop, who commissioned the Erfurt governor Mainz to ensure that the rules were observed. The reaction of the former Kalandsbrüder was that they moved back to Münden and the pen practically ceased to exist.
In 1492 Marienstein joined the Bursfeld Congregation , an association of reform-oriented Benedictine monasteries. Henricus Bodo was abbot from 1541 to 1553 .
Although the region surrounding the monastery became Protestant in the course of the 16th century, Marienstein initially resisted the Reformation. But when only five monks were active in the monastery in 1620, it came into the possession of the Duke of Braunschweig and became Lutheran . However, he fought with the Archbishop of Mainz about ownership of the monastery until 1692.
In 1626 the monastery property was completely robbed by Duke Christian von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and all buildings burned down. Only the Romanesque crypt remained. Thirteen years later the church was poorly rebuilt.
In 1650, Marienstein was combined with all of the former monasteries of the Duchy of Braunschweig in the monastery chamber of Hanover , which still exists today .
From the end of the sixteenth century more and more free workers settled around the monastery. The village of Marienstein came into being. Initially the children went to school in the nearby village of Parensen , but as early as 1700 the village had its own teacher who taught the children in his house. Around 1800 the monastery chamber bought the house from the teacher at the time and turned it into a community schoolhouse.
On September 28, 1872, a large fire broke out and destroyed 11 residential buildings next to the school building. 17 families were left homeless. The school was rebuilt in 1874 by the monastery chamber.
The current church was built in 1724 and is therefore the oldest in Nörten-Hardenberg .
The railway line built in 1854 goes through the former monastery garden of Marienstein. Together with the nearby Nörten and the major roads, which in this region already ran in a similar way to federal highway 3 today, prevented further expansion of the village.
In 1924 654 acres of land and around 250 inhabitants belonged to the rural community of Marienstein.
The incorporation in the spots Nörten
On December 27, 1927, the long-time Prussian Prime Minister Otto Braun and his then Interior Minister Albert Grzesinski passed the "Law on the Regulation of Various Points of Municipal Constitutional Law". On the one hand, this law provided for the dissolution of all estate districts in Section 11 , since the residents were not allowed to vote for a representation of interests here - the owner and thus the landlord had all rights and obligations. Due to this paragraph, Hardenberg was merged with Nörten in 1929 .
The first paragraph, however, enabled and recommended the unification of nearby rural communities in order to increase the efficiency of the administration. Marienstein was incorporated into the rural and local community of Nörten on September 30, 1928 in accordance with this paragraph .
Buildings
Monastery property
Large parts of the former monastery property have been preserved from the beginning of the 18th century. The office building built in 1724 and the dairy farm standing at right angles to it have been preserved as typical two-storey plastered buildings with corner blocks and sandstone window frames. Together with the cowshed in the northwest and the pig, sheep and cattle shed in the west, they form an inner courtyard. These outbuildings are made of exposed natural stone masonry. The tower-like pigeon house in the middle of the courtyard with a plastered substructure and half-timbered top was only built in 1833. To the south, there is another courtyard area with outbuildings. The entire domain complex is fenced in. The estate with its lands is used by the University of Göttingen as an experimental farm for agricultural economics and agricultural engineering .
church
The slightly elevated baroque hall church on the northeast corner of the estate was built between 1724 and 1733. The quarry stone walls of the nave are broken through by three high, round-arched windows, with simple buttresses in between. The tower is set in a similar construction in the west, its almost square floor plan merges into an octagonal shape at the height of the church roof. A baroque bonnet closes with a slate.
The oldest part of the church is the hall crypt preserved from the previous building in the basement. Due to the shape of the ornament, it is assumed that it was built in the second half of the 12th century. The square base of 6 × 6 meters is spanned by a groin vault, which rests on pillars on the walls and on four free-standing columns in the middle, dividing the room into three naves. The Romanesque round columns bear cube capitals and above them simple, in the lower part beveled fighter plates, the column bases are Attic with corner decoration. The only light in the crypt is through a small window behind an extension with a barrel vault in the east. The organ of the church was built around 1727 by Johann Heinrich Gloger and completed in 1732 by his son Johann Wilhelm .
literature
- Peter Aufgebauer : The Marienstein Monastery and the Diet of the Principality of Calenberg , in: Südniedersachsen. Journal for Regional Research and Homeland Care Volume 31, 2003, pp. 2–7.
- Heinrich Weigand: "Heimat-Buch des Kreis Northeim", 1924, p. 305ff;
- Graf von Hardenberg, Hans Adolf and Countess von Hardenberg, Alexandra: "The Hardenberg Castle and the historic Nörten", Wolbrechtshausen 1987, p. 47ff
- Kellner, Adolf: "Nörten-Hardenberg with the districts [...] - memories", Horb am Neckar 1995, p. 11
Web links
- Description of the Benedictine monastery Steina on the Lower Saxony monastery map of the Institute for Historical Research
Individual evidence
- ^ Heinrich Weigand (Ed.): Heimat-Buch des Kreis Northeim in Hannover , Northeim 1924, p. 305
- ^ Kirstin Casemir, Franziska Menzel, Uwe Ohainski: The place names of the district of Northeim . In: Jürgen Udolph (Hrsg.): Lower Saxony Place Name Book (NOB) . Part V. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2005, ISBN 3-89534-607-1 , p. 257 f .
- ^ Theodor Eckart: Marienstein Monastery . In: History of South Hanoverian castles and monasteries . 2nd Edition. tape 4 . Bernhard Franke, Leipzig 1890, p. 9 f .
- ^ Dietrich Conrad Ludwig Heidemann: History of the Steina Monastery . In: Journal of the Historical Association for Lower Saxony . tape 37 . Lüneburg 1871, p. 66 .
- ↑ a b c d Christian Kämmerer, Peter Ferdinand Lufen: Northeim district, part 1. Southern part with the cities of Hardegsen, Moringen, Northeim and Uslar, the areas of Bodenfelde and Nörten-Hardenberg, the community of Katlenburg-Lindau and the community-free area of Solling . In: Christiane Segers-Glocke (Hrsg.): Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Architectural monuments in Lower Saxony . tape 7.1 . CW Niemeyer, Hameln 2002, ISBN 3-8271-8261-1 , p. 190-192 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 37 ′ 33 " N , 9 ° 55 ′ 50" E