Markuskirche (Leipzig)
The Markuskirche was a Protestant-Lutheran sacred building in Reudnitz (Leipzig) . It was built in 1884 according to plans by Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel in place of a small chapel in the neo-Gothic style and blown up in 1978 because it was dilapidated.
location
The Markuskirche was built on the property at Dresdner Straße 61 , on which there was a cemetery until the time the church was built. The site, which is in the immediate vicinity of the old town center of Reudnitz, borders on an important eastern arterial road from downtown Leipzig. The church building stretched from south to north and was across the street. The tower and main entrance were on Dresdner Strasse . Today there is an unadorned green area on the former church property.
Building situation on a city map from 1884
Construction situation on a development plan from 1888
Building situation on a city map around 1905
history
The Reudnitz cemetery chapel
The forerunner of the Markuskirche was a small chapel , which was mentioned for the first time in 1568 and offered space for 150 people. It was located on the north side of what would later become the church property, which had served as a cemetery for Reudnitz and the surrounding communities of Crottendorf , Stünz and Sellerhausen since 1544 . The tomb was used for three centuries until the last burial was performed in 1844. The cemetery chapel, which has been renewed several times since its construction, was demolished in 1882. The altar from 1626 and a wood-carved Mother of God with child from around 1480 were secured and are now in the collection of the Leipzig City History Museum . The bell from 1664 is still used in the St. Mark's Chapel in the parish parsonage.
Planning and church building
The community of Reudnitz, located near the Leipzig city limits, developed into a workers' residential area and the largest rural community in the Kingdom of Saxony in the second half of the 19th century . After only 633 inhabitants were counted in 1834, a total of 6,438 people lived in Reudnitz in 1861 and 9425 people in 1871. Under the influence of this development, several members of the Reudnitz parish founded an association in April 1869 to build a new church.
After the parish had cleared out of the parish of Schönefeld on January 1, 1880 and thus became an independent parish , the church council entrusted the Dresden architect Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel with the planning of a new church building the following year . He then designed the building including furnishings, painting and church equipment. On August 1, 1881, Möckel's plans were approved by the Association for Church Art of Saxony . In an expert opinion prepared for the drafts it says:
“With the originality of the floor plan, the designs seem just as appealing as they are practical. It is almost a central system, as it is more and more striven for in Protestant church construction in our time, but with avoidance of the expensive domes. The tower, corresponding to the organism of the whole complex, meets the needs of the German Protestant spirit. The sacristy and baptistery are spacious. A significant number of seats have also been achieved, from which the pulpit is visible. The short length of the ship also guarantees good acoustics, as far as a guarantee is possible in this regard. "
The foundation stone for the building, which cost a total of 298,000 marks, was laid on May 11, 1882. Exactly seven months later, the topping-out ceremony was held. The construction was in the hands of companies and craftsmen from Leipzig, Dresden and Reudnitz. The consecration of the bell followed as part of a Luther celebration on November 10th and 11th, 1883. On March 23rd, 1884 the church was consecrated.
Since a resolution by the church council on March 25, 1889, the church in honor of the evangelist Mark has been named “St. Markuskirche ” .
Design of the east side (1881)
View from the southwest (1884)
View from the southwest (1905)
Repainting and Fate of the Church in the World Wars
In 1903 the church was repainted under the guidance of Möckel, whereby a new color scheme was chosen. During the First World War , two of the three church bells had to be sacrificed for the extraction of raw materials. They could only be replaced by two new bells in 1921. The consecration of the bells made by Schilling and Sons from Apolda took place on October 16, 1921. Shortly before the start of the Second World War , the tower was re-roofed and grouted.
During the Second World War, two bells were again confiscated for the extraction of raw materials. During the devastating air raid on Leipzig in the night of December 3rd to 4th, 1943, the St. Mark's Church was not spared from damage. Numerous windows in the church were destroyed by the pressure of the detonations, but unlike the Johanniskirche , Matthäikirche and Trinitatiskirche , the building could also be used after the end of the war.
Postwar changes, closure and demolition
The 1950s brought several changes to the Markuskirche. In 1953 the interior of the church was comprehensively renovated, in 1954 a new organ was built by the Bautzen company Eule and in 1957 new bells were consecrated, which had also been made by the Schilling bell foundry from Apolda. However, since no repair work was carried out on the building fabric in either the 1950s or 1960s, the external condition of the church deteriorated noticeably. After the Evangelical Lutheran Regional Church of Saxony considered a general repair and rejected it because of the disproportionately high costs, it ordered the church to be closed in 1973. The last service took place on November 4, 1973.
In 1974, the salvage of works of art and other inventory from the church began; so got a stained-glass window with the Luther Rose in the Lutheran Church in Hanover . The nave was blown up on February 25 , 1978 and the tower on March 4, 1978. The foundation stone was laid on February 28, in which coins from the 17th to 19th centuries were found. The ruins of the church were brought to Leipzig- Probstheida in the park at the Etzoldschen sand pit , where the remains of the Leipzig university church had been shipped ten years earlier .
In 1984 a hall in the neighboring rectory was converted into a chapel, which has since been used for church services under the name Markuskapelle .
building
Outward appearance
St. Mark's Church, made of yellow brick , had an outer width of 28.90 m. The inner width was 18.60 m; it expanded to 25 m in the transepts. The outside length of the church was 36.75 m. The interior was 27.30 m long, the dominant tower was 67.1 m high.
According to Möckel's ideas, the church should have a picturesque overall appearance, which was reflected, among other things, in the rich ornamental decoration, the formation of the tower gallery, the gables and roofs and in the floor plan. The wide central nave merged into an altar space closed on three sides and opened up to the side aisles, which were designed as a gallery area. The side aisles were enlarged by side porches and merged into five-sided corner rooms on the altar side.
There were seven French limestone statues on the outside wall of the church . They were financed by the Fund for Art Purposes at the Saxon Ministry of the Interior. The statues represented Jesus Christ, Matthew, Mark, Luke, Johannes, Peter and Paul. They were brought to Wiederitzsch after the church was closed .
Interior fittings
The interior of the St. Mark's Church in Reudnitz was also based on Möckel's designs.
altar
The altar consisted of a stone altar table and a top made of oak. The altar table was made by the master stonemason E. Hermann Spaete from Reudnitz, the top by the wood sculptor Franz Schneider from Leipzig. On the top there was a linden wood relief with a scene from the Last Supper , also made by Schneider , which was transferred to the church hall in Leipzig's Täubchenweg after the church was abandoned. The crucifix above the relief has been in the Gethsemane Church in the Leipzig district of Lößnig since 1977 .
Stalls
The stalls on either side of the aisle were made of wood. On the side facing the central aisle, it was decorated with carved mythical creatures and thus adopted the formal language of the medieval choir stalls . A total of 1150 seats were available on the ground floor and in the galleries. Before the church was demolished, the pews were removed. They ended up in Tautenhain , Grimma-Hohnstädt , the Wiederitzsch cemetery chapel and Röbel / Müritz .
organ
New building by Walcker
Originally an organ from the Ludwigsburg workshop EF Walcker & Cie. has been installed. It had 27 registers in the following disposition :
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New building by Eule in 1954
Even before the Second World War, there were plans to build a new organ. However, they could not be implemented until 1954. From 1953 the Eule company again built organs with slide chests and mechanical action mechanisms, including those of the Markuskirche. The base of the old organ, designed in the neo-Gothic style, was retained, while the upper part was replaced by a free-standing pipe prospect . Many wooden pipes were also included in this. In addition, a simple reverse positive was added. The new organ had the following disposition:
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : 1 free combination
After the Markuskirche was abandoned as a church building in 1973, the organ was moved to the Heilig-Geist-Kirche in Dresden-Blasewitz . The disposition remained unchanged.
Pulpit, font and bells
The stone pulpit at the choir entrance and the baptismal font , like the altar, were made by E. Hermann Spaete. The pulpit fell victim to the demolition of the church in 1978, and the font passed into private ownership.
After the Second World War, the Markuskirche had a bell consisting of three hard-cast iron bells from the Schilling & Lattermann foundry (Apolda, Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz). This melodic triad in the striking notes f′ – as′ – b ′ was brought to St. Peter's Church after the church was closed . Until 1943 there was also a bell 96 cm high and 90 cm wide in the roof turret of the church , which had already sounded in the previous building, the Reudnitz cemetery chapel. This so-called atonement bell was cast in 1664 and bears the capital letters : "In Adulteri Punite Memoriam Anno 1664". Today it is located in the rectory of the Markus parish.
See also
literature
- Heinrich Magirius, Hanna-Lore Fiedler: The architectural and art monuments of Saxony. City of Leipzig. The sacred buildings. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-422-00568-4 .
- Thomas Nabert, Christoph Kühn: Reudnitz. A historical and urban study. Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 1997.
- Gerhart Pasch: Churches in Leipzig and the surrounding area. Schmidt-Römhild, Leipzig 1996, ISBN 3-7950-3903-7 .
- Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z. Pro Leipzig, Leipzig 2005, ISBN 3-936508-03-8 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Karl Höffkes: Video of the demolition of St. Mark 1978. Accessed February 3, 2020 .
- ^ Nabert, Kühn: Reudnitz. P. 6.
- ^ Nabert, Kühn: Reudnitz. P. 17.
- ^ Pasch: Churches in Leipzig and the surrounding area. P. 44.
- ↑ For more details on population development, Nabert, Kühn: Reudnitz. P. 11 ff.
- ↑ a b Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 685-687.
- ^ Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 691; different Nabert, Kühn: Reudnitz. P. 20: 289,000 marks.
- ↑ There are different statements about the date of the inauguration. The information to be found in Nabert, Kühn: Reudnitz, p. 20 “23. April 1884 ”does not appear comprehensible, since this day was a Wednesday. : However, the falling on a Sunday, March 23 Magirius already Fiedler seems more plausible 1884. As this is why religious buildings, para. 691.
- ^ Nabert, Kühn: Reudnitz. P. 28
- ↑ Peter Gundlack: 2017 - The year of the Reformation anniversary . In: Right in the middle . 104 (February / March 2017). Ev.-luth. Nordstädter Kirchengemeinde, Hannover, p. 2–3 ( nordstaedter-kirchengemeinde.de [PDF; accessed on February 11, 2017]). 2017 - The year of the anniversary of the Reformation ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 686.
- ↑ St. Mark's Chapel. In: The Evangelical Lutheran Church District Leipzig. Retrieved September 15, 2015 .
- ^ Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 687 .; deviating: Johannes Richter, Kirchen in der Stadt Leipzig , Leipzig, around 1996, p. 37: 64 m
- ^ Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 692.
- ↑ a b Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 689
- ↑ HERMANN EULE ORGELBAU - History 1929 - 1957. Retrieved on August 16, 2019 .
- ↑ Overall on the organ of the Markuskirche Magirius, Fiedler: Sacral buildings. Margin no. 690.
- ↑ At the time different information is given: Magirius, Fiedler: Sacral buildings. 1976, p. 888; Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z. November 1983, p. 461.
- ^ Magirius, Fiedler: sacred buildings. Margin no. 693.
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ′ 19.8 ″ N , 12 ° 24 ′ 13.2 ″ E
