Marquard Gude

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Marquard Gude , also Gudius (born February 1, 1635 in Rendsburg , † November 26, 1689 in Glückstadt ) was a German classical philologist , librarian, book collector and epigraphist .

Life

Gude was a son of the mayor of Rendsburg, Peter Gude. He first attended the school in Rendsburg and from 1652 to 1655 the Academic Gymnasium in Hamburg . At the University of Jena , following his father's wishes, he studied law, but also pursued historical and philological studies in accordance with his inclinations.

For a short time he also studied at the universities of Leipzig and Erfurt . In February 1658 he moved to Frankfurt am Main , where he stayed for seven months with the local prorector Johann Jönsen , who had been his teacher in Rendsburg. From there he traveled to Holland to see Johann Friedrich Gronovius . Through his mediation, he became the travel companion of an elegant and wealthy young Dutchman towards the end of 1659. With him, Samuel Schars (also Schas ) from The Hague , he undertook an extensive cavalier tour through France and Italy from 1660 to the beginning of 1664 , each with a longer stay in cities such as Paris and Rome . On these trips Gude began to transcribe and collate manuscripts from classical written works in the libraries . He also made copies of inscriptions, partly based on the originals, partly from handwritten older collections.

After returning to Holland, he stayed with Schars for over 6 years, although in 1664 he was offered a professorship at the University of Duisburg and in 1668 at the Academy in Deventer . It was not until 1671 that he decided to accept a call as librarian from Duke Christian Albrecht von Holstein-Gottorp . In the following year he married Maria Elisabeth, geb. Pauli, the only daughter and heir to Chamber Councilor Peter Pauli, the highest official of the Dowager Duchess Maria Elisabeth in Husum . Samuel Schars moved with him to Rendsburg and bequeathed the greater part of his fortune to him when he died in 1675, with which Gude achieved even more wealth.

In 1677, however, he fell out of favor with the duke and retired to Hamburg . He initially lived here as a privateer for four years . In 1682 he joined the Schleswig-Holstein chancellery in the service of the Danish King Christian V. In 1683 he sent him to the bishop of Münster and Paderborn , Ferdinand von Fürstenberg . The bishop was evidently impressed by Gude and bequeathed his not inconsiderable collection of manuscripts to him when he died in June 1683. After Gude had attended the election of the bishop's successor, he returned to his position at the Schleswig-Holstein chancellery. He was soon appointed to the Danish budget council and now lived mostly in Schleswig ; In 1689 he moved to Glückstadt, where he died.

plant

Apart from a few Latin occasional poems and a dissertation De Clinicis veteris ecclesiae exercitatio historica , which he wrote in Jena but was printed under the name of his compatriot Johann Brandshagen, Gude only had one edition of the previously unprinted Greek text by Hippolytus of Rome on the Antichrist ( Paris 1661) published.

He left his life's work, the collection of inscriptions, almost ready for printing in two impressive volumes with notes and an index. Through the mediation of Johann Georg Graevius, it initially came into the hands of a Dutch scholar and councilor to Amersfoort , Johannes Kool, who, however, did not come into being with the publication. The bookseller Halma acquired the manuscript from his estate, but only his heirs had it published by the Utrecht canon Franz Hessel. Remarks on Phaedrus in the edition of Pieter Burman the Elder (Amsterdam 1698 and other) and on Valerius Maximus in the edition of Abraham Torrenius (Leyden 1726) have been printed from Gude's other philological works .

estate

In a way that was not always unequivocal, Gude had built one of the most extensive private libraries of the 17th century. It contained a particularly rich collection of Greek and Latin manuscripts as well as printed editions of classics with collations based on manuscripts and other learned marginal notes. After Gude's death, his son Peter tried several times to sell the library. Catalogs were published in 1706 and 1709.

Manuscripts in Wolfenbüttel

Most of Gude's manuscripts were acquired by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz from the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel in 1710 . The Cod (ices) Gud (iani) comprise 468 manuscripts from the 7th to 17th centuries, 365 of which are medieval. In addition to mostly Greek and Latin manuscripts, there are also 23 Arabic manuscripts.

Reference library in Copenhagen

The classic editions with collations as well as some manuscripts had already been acquired by Johann Albert Fabricius in 1705/6 . Together with his literary estate, these came to the Copenhagen University Library through Hermann Samuel Reimarus , which has been part of the Danish Royal Library since 1938 .

Gudesche Library Rendsburg

Gude had already sorted out duplicates from his library during his lifetime ; he bequeathed it to the Marienkirche in Rendsburg with the stipulation that it be erected above his family burial chapel there. Later, the library, which had received little attention for centuries, was transferred to the main pastorate and from there to the archive of the Rendsburg church district. The discovery of a fragmentary Gutenberg Bible , which was acquired by the North Elbian Church and can be seen today in Gottorf Castle, caused a sensation in 1998 , and in 2005 the sale of Galileo Galilei's Sidereus Nuncius (1610) from the library's holdings.

Fonts

  • Posthumous: Antiquae inscriptiones quum graecae tum latinae olim a Marquardo Gudio collectae nuper a Joanne Koolio digestae hortatu consilioque Joannis Georgii Graevii nunc a Francisco Hesselio editae cum adnotationibus eorum. Leovardiae 1731
Correspondence
  • Marquardi Gudii et doctorum virorum ad eum epistolae. Quibus accedunt ex bibliotheca Gudiana clarissimorum et doctissimorum virorum qui superiore et nostro saeculo floruerunt et Claudii Sarravii Senatoris Parisiensis epistolae ex eadem bibliotheca auctiores. Curante Petro Burmanno. Ultrajecti 1697 (editio ultima prioribus correctior. Hagae Comitum. 1714)
Estate catalogs
  • Bibliotheca Exquisitissimis Libris in Theologia Jure, Medicina, Historia Literaria omnique alio Studiorum Genere instructissima: Imprimis autem Multorum a Viris Doctiss. Scaligero, Blondello, Salmasio aliisque emendatorum ac eorum manibus notatorum; Mss. Codicum Arabicæ Græcæ Latinæque Linguæ quorum plurimi lucem nondum viderunt præclarissimo uberrimoque apparatu cum nulla privatarum comparanda / à Viro Illustri Domino Marquardo Gudio ... Summo Studio & delectu congesta Quæ publica auctione distrahetur Hamburgi Ad. d. 4th of August. On. MDCCVI. Hamburg 1706
  • Catalogus insignium ac praestantissimorum codicum mstorum graecorum, arabicorum, latinorum ut et librorum cum mstis collatorum vel notis autographis doctorum virorum illustratorum hactenus partim ineditorum quos dum viveret colligere license Kiel vi et generoso domino 1709

literature

  • Conrad Bursian :  Gudius, Marquard . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, p. 88 f.
  • P. Carmassi (ed.): Savior of antiquity. Marquard Gude (1635–1689) in search of the classics (= Wolfenbütteler Forschungen, 147). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2016.
  • Hermann Gidionsen: Catalog of the so-called Gudesche library. Rendsburg: Carstens 1902
  • Helmar Härtel: Notes on the history of the Marquard Gudes manuscript collection in the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel. In: In: Ulrich Kuder u. a. (Ed.): The library of the Gottorfer dukes. Nordhausen: Bautz 2008 ISBN 3-88309-459-5 , pp. 107-115
  • Wolfgang Milde : Marquard Gude. In: Schleswig-Holstein Biographical Lexicon. Vol. 5 (1979), pp. 102-106
  • Johann Moller : Cimbria literata. Volume III, pp. 282-303.
  • Daniel Georg Morhof : Congratulations on the wedding party / Des ... Hn. Marquardt Guden ... And the ... J. Maria Elisabeth / Des ... Hn. Petri Pauli ... a single maiden daughter. Kiel: Reuman 1672 ( digitized version )
  • Franz Köhler , Gustav Milchsack : The Gudian manuscripts. Wolfenbüttel 1913 (reprint Frankfurt / Main 1966)
  • Joachim Stüben: The Rendsburg fragment of the Gutenberg Bible. Investigations into individual character, origin and meaning on the background of Schleswig-Holstein's library history. In: Gutenberg yearbook 1998, pp. 56–79
  • Joachim Stüben: On the origin of the Rendsburg Gutenberg Bible. In: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 2002, pp. 37–49

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Carsten Erich Carstens:  Jonsius, Johannes . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 500.
personal data
SURNAME Gude, Marquard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gudius, Marquard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German classical philologist , librarian and epigraphist
DATE OF BIRTH February 1, 1635
PLACE OF BIRTH Rendsburg
DATE OF DEATH November 26, 1689
Place of death Glückstadt