Michálkovice
| Michálkovice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Moravskoslezský kraj | ||||
| District : | Ostrava-město | ||||
| Municipality : | Ostrava | ||||
| Area : | 289 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 51 ' N , 18 ° 21' E | ||||
| Residents : | 2,985 (2011) | ||||
| Postal code : | 715 00 | ||||
| License plate : | T | ||||
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| Next international airport : | Ostrava Airport | ||||
Michálkovice ( German Michalkowitz , Polish Michałkowice ) is a former small town, now the easternmost district of Ostrava in the Czech Republic , east of the Ostravice .
history
The hamlet of Michalkowicze from Polish Ostrau owned by the Teschen dukes was first mentioned in a document in 1440. The patronymic name is derived from the personal name Michálek or Michałek ( diminutive of Micha (e) l ) with a typical West Slavic suffix.
In 1630 the village became independent and belonged to the Goczalkowsky family with Hruschau , but from 1714 to 1848 it was again attached to the rule of Polish Ostrava. In the description of Teschener Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Michalkowitz was a village under the rule of Polish-Ostrava of Count Joseph Wlczek in the Teschner district . The village had 23 houses with 164 inhabitants in Silesian-Polish dialect , although they belonged to the Moravian-speaking parish in Polish-Ostrava. On the ethnographic map of the Austrian monarchy by Karl von Czoernig-Czernhausen from 1855, it was assigned to the Moravian- Lachian side of the language border, opposite the water polaques .
After the abolition of patrimonial , the rural village became a district of the Polish-Ostrava municipality in the Friedek district in Austrian Silesia , and from January 27, 1866 an independent municipality in the Freistadt ( Fryštát ) district, which was founded two years later .
The mining of hard coal began in the Michal / Michał colliery in 1843 , followed by the Petr / Piotr and Pavel / Paweł (1858), Jan (1868) and Josef (1879) mines . The number of inhabitants rose to 870 by 1869, then to 1587 by 1880 (1551 with registration) and by 1910 already 6818 (6794). In the 1870s and 1880s, a large influx of people into the Ostrau- Karwiner coal and industrial area began, mainly cheap workers from Galicia . The Poles made up 22.4% (347 people) of the local population in 1880, but their number continued to rise to 38.2% in 1890 and 60.3% in 1900. In the early 20th century, a national conflict flared up between Poles and Czechs. The Czech activists aimed to stop the declining trend of the Czech population (from 74.1% in 1880 to 36.4% in 1900). In 1901 the Jewish cemetery was laid out. In 1903 Michalkowitz became the seat of a new Czech-speaking parish in the Karwin dean's office. On January 1, 1904, 7 traditional Czech-speaking parishes, including Michálkovice, of the Oderberg judicial district in the Freistadt district were separated to create the new Polish Ostrava judicial district in the Friedek district.
On April 1, 1907, it was raised to a market town . A Czech school for boys was opened in 1907 and for girls in 1911. In 1910 the new market town had an area of 261 hectares, 374 buildings with 6,818 inhabitants, 6,794 of which had to be registered - only these were asked for their colloquial language: 4,147 (60.8%) were Czech, 2,481 (36.4%) Polish - and 164 (2.4%) German-speaking; 6,560 (96.2% of the total city population) were Catholics, 142 (2.1%) Protestants, 108 (1.6%) Jews, 8 other faiths.
After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the area of Cieszyn Silesia was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyńskiego (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territorial Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Michálkovice, like the entire Friedek district , would belong to Czechoslovakia. On the Czech side, also behind the Ostrawitza in Moravia, there remained tens of thousands of Poles, mostly Galician immigrants, over 20% of the population of the Polish judicial district of Ostrava. Unlike the altansässigen Wasserpolaken from the area of Cieszyn Silesian dialect they were still illiterate for the most part and in comparison to the enlightened Poland in accordance with the Czechoslovak Polish border war arose region Olsagebiet they tschechisierten in the interwar period relatively quickly (in the census In 1921 only 877 or 1.9% of the data were Polish nationality in the entire judicial district). A trace of them are the numerous surnames in Polish spelling.
In 1920 a parish of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church was established. In 1938 it became a border town on the border with Poland in the north-east ( Rychvald , then Rychwałd in the Olsa region , some hectares of the Michálkovice wasteland were connected to Rychwałd). From 1939 the rest of the municipality was in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . The parish became one of the 17 parishes of the Archdiocese of Wroclaw in the Protectorate.
Already in 1919 consideration was given to incorporating into Mährisch Ostrau in order to create "Greater Ostrau", as well as incorporating 4 municipalities east of Ostravice into Silesian Ostrau ( Slezská Ostrava ) to create a rival city to Moravian Ostrau. The small town of Michálkovice was not incorporated into Ostrava until July 1, 1941 during the German occupation. Michálkovice was an independent district with around 5,000 inhabitants until 1960, later assigned to the Slezská Ostrava district, and from 1990 an independent district again.
Location within the Ostrava
Michal mine
Former town hall
Catholic church from 1903
Hussite church from 1927
Orthodox Church, former Catholic chapel from 1866
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN 0208-6336 , p. 115-116 (Polish).
- ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, p. 259 ( e-copy )
- ↑ Ethnographic map of the Austrian monarchy by Carl Freiherr von Czörnig (1855)
- ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 288 (Polish, online ).
- ↑ Ludwig Patryn (Ed.): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia , Opava 1912.