Slezská Ostrava

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Slezská Ostrava
Slezská Ostrava coat of arms
Slezská Ostrava (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Moravskoslezský kraj
District : Ostrava-město
Municipality : Ostrava
Area : 1198 ha
Geographic location : 49 ° 50 '  N , 18 ° 18'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 50 '25 "  N , 18 ° 17' 55"  E
Height: 210  m nm
Residents : 7,438 (2011)
Postal code : 710 00 - 719 00
License plate : T
traffic
Next international airport : Ostrava Airport

Slezská Ostrava , until 1919 Polská Ostrava ( German Schlesisch Ostrau , until 1919 Polish Ostrava , Polish Polska Ostrawa ) is a former town, now a district of the city of Ostrava , on the eastern, Silesian bank of the Ostravice , south of the confluence with the Oder , opposite Moravská Ostrava (Moravian Ostrau). With seven other districts, Slezská Ostrava forms the Slezská Ostrava district.

history

The place was on May 26, 1229 in the papal bull of Gregory IX. First mentioned in a document for the Tyniec Abbey near Kraków as the Ostrawa . Politically, he was in the Polish castellany of the city of Teschen, first mentioned in 1223, in the Duchy of Opole-Ratibor . On the other side of the river in Moravia , a settlement campaign was introduced by Arnold von Hückeswagen , which was intensified after his death (1260) by the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schauenburg . In 1261 this moved Duke Wladislaus I to regulate the border of the Duchy of Opole-Ratibor with Ottokar II along the Ostrawitza, and to settle Tyniec Benedictines in Orlau in 1268 in order to strengthen the border area near Moravia. The Orlauer Benedikter owned the income of the Ostrau inn and the tithe . Between 1268 and 1278 the town of the same name was founded on the Moravian side of the river and adjectives were later added for this topographical secondary place name (ostr * - quick, quick) to differentiate them: Moravian for the new town and initially in a German-language document in 1380 Wendish for the village on the Upper Silesian or Teschen side of Ostrawitza - in contrast to the [German-Moravian] city - and after the introduction of the Czech official language in the Kingdom of Bohemia, and around 1430 in the Duchy of Teschen , the village became consistently Polish Called Ostrau.

Castle in Polish-Ostrava

In 1290 the Duchy of Teschen was established, the first Duke Mieszko I on August 2, 1297, together with the Olomouc Bishop Theoderich von Neuhaus, who confirmed the border on the Ostravitza. Two documents were issued on both sides, in which the area on the right bank was called Poland in Latin ( super metis et terminie apud Ostraviam in minibus buno rum ducatus nostri et episcopatus Olomucensis pro eo, quod fluvius idem qui de beret metas Polonie et Moravie distingire) , which explains the adjectives of the two places. The border lost its importance in 1327 when the Duchy of Teschen came under the sovereignty of the Crown of Bohemia, but the ecclesiastical border between the Diocese of Breslau and the Diocese of Olomouc existed on the Ostravice until 1978.

A castellan from Ostravia named Herman was listed on the list of witnesses to the above-mentioned border treaty from 1297 , so the border castle at the confluence of the Lučina and Ostrawitza, mentioned in 1327, already existed. In 1332 this position was held by the knight Dziersław . At the turn of the 15th century a Roman Catholic parish was founded in the deanery of Teschen and in 1447 the parish in Ostravia comprised 165 people in all parish villages. According to the report of the episcopal visitation from Wroclaw in the second half of the 17th century, the church in villa Polono-Ostrawa preached in Moravian. The toponyms in the area also had strong Moravian- Lachian influences in the 18th century (see Lachei ), e . B. h ≥ g and absence of nasal vowels .

In 1434 the village owners were Polske Ostrawi Jan and Arnošt von Tworkau . After that it belonged to the Hrziwnacz z Heraltic in the 1470s , but the main owners were Sedlnitzky von Choltitz (1508–1714) and Wilczek von Dobra Zemica (1714–1848). The Sedlnitzky rebuilt the castle in the Renaissance style and under Wilczek the mining of coal began for the first time in the Ostrava district in 1787, which initiated the rise of the place.

Town view in 1911

In the description of Teschener Silesia by Reginald Kneifl in 1804, Ostrau (Pohlnisch) was a village and a rule of Count Joseph von Wlczek on the Luczina water and the Ostrawicza river in the Teschner district . The village had 52 houses with 332 Silesian-Moravian residents. After the abolition of patrimonial it first formed a community in the Friedek district in Austrian Silesia , and from 1868 in the Freistadt district . The number of inhabitants rose to 4620 by 1869. In the 1870s and 1880s, a large influx of people into the Ostrau-Karwiner coal and industrial area began, mainly cheap workers from Galicia . In 1879 it was raised to a market town . In 1880 it had 8,758 inhabitants, of which 7,236 (82.7%) were Czech-speaking, 1080 (12.3%) Polish-speaking and 442 (5%) German-speaking. In 1910 there were already 22,892 inhabitants on the area of ​​1405 hectares, of which 16,927 (74.6%) were Czech, 4467 (19.7%) Polish and 1296 (5.7%) German-speaking, 21,604 were Roman Catholics, 885 (3.8%) Protestants and 290 (1.3%) Jews. In the early 20th century, a national conflict flared up between Poles and Czechs. The Czech activists consider the opening of a Polish elementary school (1904) and two kindergartens (1906, 1908) by the Polish Macierz Szkolna as a Polonization. Petr Bezruč published the poem Polská Ostrava in the Silesian Songs , in which he personified the place, which regretted the adjective Polish in the place name (the leitmotif was that the place, contrary to the name, was in reality always ethnically Moravian).

town hall

On January 1, 1904, 7 mostly Czech-speaking communities in the Oderberg judicial district in the Freistadt district were separated to create the new Polish Ostrava judicial district in the Friedek district. An impressive town hall was built between 1911 and 1913 .

After the First World War and the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the area of ​​Cieszyn Silesia was controversial. On November 5, 1918, the Polish National Council of the Duchy of Teschen (Rada Narodowa Kięstwa Cieszyńskiego, RNKC) and the Czech Territorial Committee (Zemský národní výbor, ZNV) agreed that Polish Ostrava should be part of Czechoslovakia. On the Czech side, also behind the Ostrawitza in Moravia, there remained tens of thousands of ethnic Poles, mostly Galician immigrants, of whom over 20% of the population of the judicial district of Polish Ostrava. In contrast to the old resident water polaks from the area of ​​the Teschen dialects , they were largely still illiterate and compared to the enlightened Poles in the Olsa region, which emerged after the Polish-Czechoslovak border war , they Czechized themselves fairly quickly in the interwar period (in the census in 1921 in the whole judicial district only 877 or 1.9% data of Polish nationality). A trace of them are the numerous surnames in the Polish spelling.

On November 17, 1919, the place was renamed Slezská Ostrava (Silesian Ostrava) and on September 17, 1920 he was raised to the city. At that time, Silesian Ostrau was the largest mining town in Czechoslovakia. In 1919 the incorporation into Mährisch Ostrau was considered in order to build a "Groß Ostrau", or the incorporation of four communities east of the Ostravice into Silesian Ostrava to create a rival city to Moravian Ostrau. Silesian Ostrau was not united with Mährisch Ostrau until July 1, 1941 during the German occupation .

Personalities

  • Ota Filip (1930–2018), Czech-speaking writer
  • Zdeněk Jirotka (1911–2003), Czech writer and columnist
  • Lev Prchala (1892–1963), Army General of the Czechoslovak Army and first winner of the European Charlemagne Prize of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft

Local division

Borough

The municipality

The municipality was formed on November 24, 1990. It has an area of ​​41.4 km² and 21 161 (2011) inhabitants in 8 districts:

Antošovice CoA.svg
Antošovice 		Heřmanice CoA.svg
Heřmanice 		Hrušov CoA.svg
Hrušov 		Koblov CoA.svg
Koblov
Kunčice CoA.svg
Kunčice 		Kunčičky CoA.svg
Kunčičky 		Muglinov CoA.svg
Muglinov 		Slezská Ostrava CoA.svg
Slezská Ostrava

District

The district of Slezská Ostrava consists of the basic settlement units Dopravní podnik, Fišerova, Na Najmanské, Na stavě, Nad Lučinou, Nová osada, Odval u Lučiny, Pikartská, Salma, Salmovec, Sionkova-garáže, Slezská Ostrava-Harzáže, Slezská Ostrava-Hezzáže Ostrava-střed, Slezská Ostrava-u hradu, Stromovka, Trojické údolí, U Těšínské, Ústřední hřbitov, Zárubek and Zvěřina.

The district forms a cadastral district.

Web links

Commons : Slezská Ostrava  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Katastrální území Slezská Ostrava: podrobné informace , uir.cz
  2. ^ Idzi Panic : Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2010, ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5 , p. 286, 294 (Polish).
  3. ↑ Kodeks dyplomatyczny klasztoru tynieckiego . In: (Ed.) Wojciech Kętrzyński, Stanisław Smolka . Lwów 1875, XIa, XIb ( online ).
  4. ↑ a b Robert Mrózek: nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego . Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach , 1984, ISSN  0208-6336 , p. 133 (Polish).
  5. ^ I. Panic, 2010, pp. 272, 400
  6. ^ Idzi Panic: Jak my ongiś godali. Język mieszkańców Górnego Śląska od średniowiecze do połowy XIX wieku [The language of the inhabitants of Upper Silesia in the Middle Ages and in modern times] . Avalon, Cieszyn-Kraków 2015, ISBN 978-83-7730-168-5 , p. 45 (Polish).
  7. ^ I. Panic, 2010, p. 231
  8. ^ I. Panic, 2010, p. 232
  9. ^ I. Panic, 2010, pp. 321, 415
  10. ^ Joseph Jungnitz (Red.): Publications from the Prince Bishop's Diocesan Archives in Breslau. Vol 2. Visit reports of the Diocese of Wroclaw. Archdeaconate Opole , Breslau, 1904, p. 236.
  11. ↑ G. Mrózek, 1984, p. 311
  12. ^ I. Panic, 2010, p. 273
  13. ^ Reginald Kneifl: Topography of the Kaiser. royal Antheils von Schlesien , 2nd part, 1st volume: Condition and constitution, in particular of the Duchy of Teschen, Principality of Bielitz and the free minor class lords Friedeck, Freystadt, German people, Roy, Reichenwaldau and Oderberg . Joseph Georg Traßler, Brünn 1804, p. 150 ( e-copy )
  14. ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 288 (Polish, online ).
  15. ↑ Ludwig Patryn (ed): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia , Opava 1912.
  16. ↑ Polská Ostrava (Slezské písně) (Czech)
  17. ↑ Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz
  18. ↑ Část obce Slezská Ostrava: podrobné informace , uir.cz