Mikhail Alexandrovich Jelyashevich

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Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Jeljaschewitsch ( Russian Михаил Александрович Ельяшевич ; born August 21, 1908 in Munich ; † January 4, 1996 in Minsk ) was a Russian physicist and university professor .

Life

Yeljaschewitsch's father Alexander Borissowitsch Jeljaschewitsch (1888-1967) worked as a revolutionary in his youth in Irkutsk , joined the Social Revolutionaries and studied with interruptions at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute . In early 1908 he married the sister of the wife of the Social Revolutionary DD Donskoi Jekaterina Mikhailovna Filipchenko (1887–1942) and left Russia in May 1908 on the advice of the management of the Polytechnic Institute to study economics in Munich . Jeljaschewitsch's grandfather was the Jewish military doctor Avraam Akimowitsch Jeljaschewitsch .

1925 Jeljaschewitsch began studying at the physical faculty of Leningrad University , where he graduated 1930th He then worked at the Leningrad State Institute of Optics (GOI) with the Roshdestvensky student Alexander Nikolaevich Terenin .

In 1931 Jeljaschewitsch moved to the new Institute for Chemical Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow , where he joined the Jakow Ilyich Frenkels group . From 1935 he worked again in the GOI with Wladimir Alexandrowitsch Fock . In 1937 Yelyashevich defended his candidate dissertation , which was soon published as a monograph . In 1944 he defended his doctoral thesis . Jeljaschewitsch made important contributions to the spectroscopy of complex atoms , especially rare earth metals , and molecules . In 1945 he became a member of the CPSU .

After the German-Soviet war , Yelyashevich was involved in the Soviet atomic bomb project in the program of optical observation of the Soviet nuclear weapons tests . In addition, he headed a chair at the Leningrad Institute for Precision Mechanics and Optics from 1946 to 1951 and taught at the Leningrad Pedagogical Heart Institute from 1952 to 1954 .

In 1956, Yelyashevich was elected a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (AN-BSSR, since 1991 Academy and since 1997 National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (NANB)). He settled in Minsk and became laboratory director in the Institute of Physics of the AN-BSSR (until 1979). In addition, he headed the Chair for Atomic and Molecular Physics at the Belarusian Lenin State University (BGU) from 1968–1977 and taught at the Chair for Nuclear Physics at the BGU from 1977–1983 . The focus of Jeljaschewitsch's scientific work in Minsk was plasma spectroscopy and plasma dynamics, so that he is considered the founder of the Belarusian plasma physics school.

1983–1990 Jeljaschewitsch was a scientific advisor at the Research Institute for Problems in Applied Physics at the BGU and in 1990 became the main scientific collaborator at the Institute for Heat and Mass Transfer at the NANB. In April 1995 he became a consultant at the directorate of the Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics at NANB.

As part of his research on the history of physics, Jeljaschewitsch dealt with James Clerk Maxwell , Niels Bohr and Albert Einstein . Jeljaschewitsch studied the development of quantum mechanics and the modern notions of atomic and molecular spectra .

Yeljaschewitsch's son Alexei became a theoretical physicist and headed the Institute for Biology and Psychology of Humans in St. Petersburg in the 1990s .

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l NANB: Михаил Александрович Ельяшевич (accessed on May 23, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Центральной научной библиотеки имени Я. Коласа НАН Беларуси: Ельяшевич Михаил Александрович (accessed May 23, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Jeljaschewitsch, Mikhail Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ельяшевич, Михаил Александрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1908
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH 4th January 1996
Place of death Minsk