Alexander Borissowitsch Jeljaschewitsch

Alexander Borissowitsch Jeljaschewitsch (1930s)

Alexander Borisovich Jeljaschewitsch ( Russian Александр Борисович Ельяшевич * January 27 ^{. Jul} / 8. February  1888 ^greg. In Irkutsk ; † 22. November 1967 in Leningrad ) was a Russian economist and university lecturer .

Life

Jeljaschewitsch was the son of the military doctor and board member of the Irkutsk Jewish prayer house Avraam Akimowitsch Jeljaschewitsch and his wife Raissa Abramovna (Rochlja Abram-Hirschowna) nee Rosenkranz. At that time, Irkutsk was a place of exile for participants in the revolutionary movement, so after serving their sentences there were many young people in the city who belonged to the Narodnaya Volya secret society . Yelyashevich participated from 1900 on reading revolutionary literature in groups of pupils at the Irktutsk grammar school. In 7th grade he founded the Society for Self-Education and Fraternity with others . When the Social Revolutionary Party (SR) was formed in 1901 , Yelyashevich joined it. In 1903 he was arrested for editing the school magazine. He denied being part of the editorial team and was soon released on bail . In 1904 the proceedings were discontinued. Under the impression of the attacks by the Social Revolutionaries Stepan Valerianowitsch Balmaschow and Yegor Sergejewitsch Sosonow on the interior ministers Stepan Valerianowitsch Balmaschow and Vyacheslav Konstantinovich von Plehwe , Yelyashevich joined the SR in 1904 and participated in the SR's propaganda work .

After the beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1905 and finishing high school in Irkutsk, Yelyashevich began studying at the Faculty of Economics of the St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute in September 1905 , where he immediately joined the SR student group. Because of the increasing revolutionary events, teaching was temporarily suspended. Yelyashevich was sent by the SR as a propagandist to the workers of the Warsaw Railway . Soon he was part of the orators ' office , which also included Yevgenia Moissejewna Ratner , Eugen Leviné , who later played an important role in the Munich Soviet Republic , and Mark Weniaminowitsch Vishnyak . Under the pseudonym Mirski , Jeljaschewitsch agitated the workers of large plants and the Nikolaibahn and became acquainted with Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Avksentjew and Viktor Michailowitsch Tschernow . In July 1906 he was accepted into the St. Petersburg SR City Committee. Shortly afterwards he was arrested in July 1906 after the 1st State Duma was dissolved . During several months in prison in Kresty Prison , which had a good library , he studied foreign languages ​​and philosophy . Eventually he was released for lack of evidence. He continued his agitation activities and maintained contacts with Mikhail Abramowitsch Lewensson and other representatives of the terrorist wing of the SR. Yelyashevich's radical activities worried his relatives and friends, so a teacher at the Polytechnic Institute urgently advised him to leave the country. At the beginning of 1907, Jeljaschewitsch went to Munich and Heidelberg before being arrested , where he stayed for 6 months. Since there were no active SR groups there, he studied. As a representative of the SR, he was invited to the 7th Congress of the Second International in Stuttgart in August 1907 , at which WM Tschernow and Ilya Issidorowitsch Fondaminski for the SR and representatives of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia , including the leader of the Bolshevik delegation Lenin , also took part .

After his return in early 1908, Yelyashevich wanted to continue his studies, especially since the dual role of head of the SR combat organization Yevno Fischelewitsch Asef became known. He married the economist Yekaterina Mikhailovna Filipchenko (1887-1942, sister of the wife of the Social Revolutionary DD Donskoi and niece of the poet Andrei Bely ). When the Polytechnic Institute again advised him to leave the country because of imminent arrest, he traveled to Munich with his wife in May 1908 and was now studying with Lujo Brentano at the University of Munich . Yelyashevich's son Mikhail was born on August 21, 1908 . Yeljaschewitsch remained a member of the SR abroad and kept in contact with Jan Lachowiecki in particular , but he no longer took part in the SR activities and concentrated on studying economics.

In June 1913, Yelyashevich returned to Irkutsk with his family. At the beginning of the First World War , as a Jew with a higher education, he was accepted as a one-year volunteer as a battery leader in the 12th Siberian Rifle Artillery Brigade. He was a mounted scout at the front and received two George Crosses (fourth and third class) for his fearlessness. He founded an SR group and came into closer contact with the philosopher Fedor Stepun .

After the February Revolution of 1917 , the SR was able to operate legally. At the end of February 1917, Yelyashevich went on vacation in order not to return to the Imperial Russian Army . He was transferred to the Moscow Military Industry Committee by the War Ministry of the Provisional Government at the request of the Military Industry Committee. In Moscow he met his old SR acquaintances Mark Weniaminowitsch Wischnjak, Matwei Lwowitsch Kogan-Bernstein and Yevgenia Moissejewna Ratner, whereupon he was invited to the SR organization conference in March and April 1917. There, contrary to the opinion of the future Minister of the Provisional Government, Semyon Leontjewitsch Masslow, he campaigned for an immediate peace treaty with regard to the mood in the army. However, in June 1917 he conformed to the opinion of the SR party leadership that a peace could only be concluded with the allies of the Triple Entente when he was seconded to the Labor Ministry of the Provisional Government in Petrograd . At Vishnyak's suggestion, Yelyashevich ran for election to the Russian Constituent Assembly , in which the SR won an absolute majority. After the October Revolution , Yelyashevich reported on the regulation of industry at the IVth SR Congress at the end of November 1917 and submitted a draft resolution. The Russian Constituent Assembly, which met in January 1918, was dissolved by the Bolshevik government. In February 1918, Yelyashevich went to Moscow with the members of the SR Central Committee and the faction office of the Constituent Assembly, where the Central Committee often met at Abram Rafailovich Goz's apartment. Yelyashevich dealt with economic issues . He refused to go to Samara with the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly and was against the armed struggle against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War . On July 8, 1918, he was arrested by the Cheka in his apartment for counterrevolutionary activities and remained in Butyrka prison until November 10, 1918.

At the beginning of March 1919, Yelyashevich left Moscow with his family and moved to Saratov . He declared his resignation to the SR and his cooperation with the Bolshevik power. He now devoted himself to scientific and educational work and worked at the University of Saratov and the Saratov Institute of Economics , of which he was vice director. On December 28, 1921, the plenary session of the Central Committee of the CPSU decided on the basis of a report by Feliks Dzierżyńskis that the SR Central Committee should be brought to justice. On March 20, 1922, Yelyashevich was arrested by the GPU and taken to Moscow for questioning. The proceedings against him were discontinued on April 12, 1922 due to the amnesty of February 27, 1919. He then served as a witness in the trial in which 12 SR leaders received the death penalty with suspension depending on the conduct of SR members, and other defendants were sentenced to 10 to 2 years in solitary confinement.

After the trial, Yelyashevich got a job at the Supreme Council for National Economy of the RSFSR , so that in February 1923 he moved to Petrograd and became the deputy manager of the Northwest Bureau for Economic Planning. At the same time, he taught at the new Leningrad F. Engels Institute for Economics (LINCh), where he initiated the establishment of an industry department. In 1926 he was sent to the Chinese Kuomintang government as a financial and economic advisor (until 1928). When the Leningrad Institute for Engineering and Economics (INSchEKON) was founded on the basis of the LINCh in 1930 , he headed the chair for industrial economics . During the German-Soviet War and the Siege of Leningrad was Jeljaschewitsch with teachers and students of the Institute in Pyatigorsk evacuated . During the occupation of the city by the Wehrmacht , Yelyashevich, as the director's representative, ensured the survival of the teachers and students. After returning to Leningrad in September 1944, he again headed the chair at INSchEKON.

In connection with the Leningrad affair , Yelyashevich was arrested on September 17, 1949 and charged according to Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR of agitation and propaganda against the Soviet power until 1919, whereupon he, regardless of his merits, his age and the advocacy of his son Mikhail, the was to receive the Stalin Prize and the Order of Lenin , was exiled to Kansk for 5 years . His son Mikhail accompanied the prisoner transport and, with his privileged opportunities, ensured that his father was well cared for during intermediate stays in hospitals. In 1953, Yelyashevich was given amnesty after Stalin's death and returned to Leningrad. In 1960 he had to retire for health reasons.

Yelyashevich died in a traffic accident in 1967. In addition to his son Michail, he left behind the daughter Alla (1923-2013), who became an art scholar . She married the art historian Yuri Alexandrowitsch Russakow (1926–1995), son of the artist Alexander Issaakowitsch Russakow and Tatiana Issidorovna Kuperwasser (1903–1972).

Yelyashevich was rehabilitated in 1989.

Web links

• WorldCat : Elʹi︠a︡shevich, AB

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Гончаренко Л. Н., Коломинов В. В .: Страницы политической биографии А. Б. Ельяшевича . In: Власть и общество в России: историческая трансформация и технологии взаимодействия . СПбГИЭУ, St. Petersburg 2007, p. 112-139 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Chronos: Александр Борисович Ельяшевич (accessed on May 25, 2019).
3. ↑ Открытый список: Ельяшевич Александр Борисович (1884) (accessed May 25, 2019).
4. ↑ Ельяшевич. А.М .: Воспоминания старшего сына . In: Академик М.А. Ельяшевич: воспоминания учеников и современников . Minsk 1999, p. 65-72 .