Mission stations in the Principality of Münster

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The location of the individual mission stations is shown on a map of the Borken district .

Mission stations were in the Duchy of Münster from the 17th to the end of the 18th century existing locations near the border for pastoral care of Dutch Catholics who werenot allowed tofreely practice their religion in the territory of the Netherlands at that time. With the establishment of the Batavian Republic in 1795, freedom of religion was enacted and the ban on public Catholic services was lifted.

history

Some of these stations already existed at the beginning of the 17th century . This system was firmly established under Prince-Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen , especially after the failure of his military undertakings against the Netherlands. In the beginning, the churches and chapels were rather poor - some even made of peat - built structures.

The Catholics of the Suderwick , Hemden , Zwillbrock and Oldenkott missions looked after the Minorite Fathers of the order in Bocholt . Pastors at the mission station in Oeding were Franciscan Observants from the Saxon Franciscan Province of Saxonia from the convent in Vreden . An expelled women's convent from Almelo settled in Glane .

Almost all of the remaining churches were built in the middle of the 18th century. After the Catholics were granted religious freedom on the Dutch side of the border, the mission stations became parishes for the German population.

The mission stations

The list basically follows the Dutch-German border from southwest (Anholt) to northeast (Glane). Some mission stations (Schüttenstein, Mussum, Rietmolen) were not on the border, but in the hinterland.

Anholt (Isselburg) - Chapel on the Regniet

Mission station in Anholt

In the north of Anholt , located directly on the border peasantry Regniet prince had Karl Theodor Otto Salm in 1700 to build a chapel for Catholics on the Dutch side. From 1813 it served as a crypt chapel for the Salm-Salm family .

Suderwick (Bocholt) - St. Michael

In 1660, Bishop Christoph Bernhard von Galen had a first chapel built in Suderwick for the remaining Dutch Catholics right on the border (on Hellweg). From 1682 they could celebrate their services in the house of the married couple Wessel Rodespieker and Jennken te Beergen in Suderwick, which they had given to the Catholic Church. Your pastor was initially the Bocholt vicar Ernst Ignaz Busch. The Rodespieker house was converted into a chapel. The small community numbered about 100 Catholics. Under the name " Dinxperlo " (where most of the believers came from) the community was raised to a parish.

In 1765 the chapel was replaced by the church that still exists today. The high altar made of wood “in the elegant high baroque ” dates from the time it was built.

  • St. Michael Church

  • Exterior view - the D / NL border still runs along the curb.

Schüttenstein (Isselburg) - St. Trinitatis

To the right of the Issel, across from Werth , was the Schüttenstein house in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period . The Bocholt Minorites established a mission station there in 1635. In 1649 they built a chapel. It was replaced by the current church, which was built between 1785 and 1787.

Mussum (Bocholt) - Our Lady Chapel

Vicar Ernst Ignaz Busch had a chapel dedicated to Our Lady built on the Nedermollen estate in Mussum in 1671 . It was used for worship and religious instruction of the Catholics of the peasant communities of Mussum, Lied and Lowick. After the re-admission of public Catholic services in the Netherlands, the chapel was abandoned.

Spork (Bocholt)

The mission in Spork was in 1665 on the episcopal Münster, already in 1375 documented proven feud set Emsing. It has never grown beyond the stage of an emergency band.

Shirts (Bocholt) - Holy Cross

In the 1650s, Minorites from Bocholt celebrated services in a barn in shirts, especially for Dutch Catholics. In July 1674 the construction of a chapel began. Vicar Ernst Ignaz Busch also gave the impetus in shirts. Between 1710 and 1714, the chapel, which had previously been octagonal and mostly made of wood, was extended with a rectangular floor plan. In the middle of the 18th century the parish of Hemden had 451 Dutch and 27 German Catholics. When after 1798 Catholic churches were allowed to be built again in the neighboring towns of Bredevoort and Aalten , the Kreuzkapelle lost its purpose. It was demolished in 1823. The stones were used for the foundation of St. Helena Church in Barlo . A baroque stone cross reminds of the place where the old Hemden chapel once stood.

Oeding (Südlohn) - St. Jakobus

In 1674, Bishop Christoph Bernhard Graf von Galen assigned the beleaguered Catholics from Winterswijk and the Winterswijk farmers Kotten, Woold and Brinkheurne the castle chapel of Oeding Castle. From 1680 the Franciscans of the Vredener Observant Monastery looked after the mission station.

In the middle of the 18th century the chapel was no longer sufficient for the growing number of believers. In 1757 Conrad Bernhard Schütte gave the Franciscans his parents' house in Burg Freiheit Oeding with the condition that a chapel in honor of the Apostle James the Elder and accommodation for the missionary be built in its place. Construction began in 1765. On March 13, 1768, Father Rogerius Keuthan celebrated the first holy mass in the new chapel.

Zwillbrock - St. Francis

St. Francis in Zwillbrock

The largest and best-preserved system of a mission station is located in Zwillbrock . Christmas 1651 was the first Catholic service, the Christmas mass, initially in the open air. A peat chapel was built as early as Easter and was very well attended on Sundays and public holidays.

In 1717 the foundation stone of today's St. Franziskus Church was laid, which was completed in 1719/1720. The Bethlehem Monastery was built for the Minorite Fathers who worked there, called "Bethlehem in the Forest" by the Zwillbrockers. The monastery church was elevated to the parish church of Zwillbrock in 1858. Several Dutch Catholics still belonged to the community into the 21st century.

Rietmolen (Netherlands)

From 1616 to 1635 the Catholics from Neede and the surrounding area celebrated their services in secret at Castle Bloo (t 'Bloo) located between Neede and Borculo . After 1635 they celebrated church services on farms. There were heavy fines on it.

In 1712 the Minorite Fathers of the Zwillbrocker monastery were able to set up a mission station on the farm "De Reetmole" in the farming community 'n Brookn, located between Neede and Haaksbergen . The village of Rietmolen developed from this in the 19th century.

Wennewick-Oldenkott (Vreden) - St. Anthony of Padua

Because the chapel in Zwillbrock, built in 1652, was too small and because it was a three-hour walk from Haaksbergen to Zwillbrock, the Catholics in Rekken and Haaksbergen pushed for a second, closer location to be able to celebrate church services. This happened from 1654 in the Winkelhorst house on Oldenkotten. In 1657, Bishop Christoph Bernhard Graf von Galen approved the construction of a church right on the border. This was probably the first massive stone building in the Wennewick community there. The pastoral care was taken over by the Zwillbrocker Fathers. They chose a saint of their order for the patronage with Anthony of Padua . The church building has been preserved; its interior has been redesigned several times over the course of a quarter of a millennium. Today the church has a predominantly contemporary appearance with the exception of the organ (baroque) and some older sculptures.

Individual farms and houses settled around the church, which is how the Oldenkott district of the Wennewick-Oldenkott family came into being.

The wooden Niekerk chapel in Wennewick was located north of today's church from 1699 to 1740. It served the Catholics coming from Haaksbergen via the "Papendiek" (Pfaffendamm) - today "Peddendiek", Dutch "Peddedijk".

  • Church in Oldenkott

  • portal

Alstätte - Herker-Orthaus farm

Three Dutch priest who had been driven from their homeland, in 1640 bought a farm for Herker-Orthaus at Alstätte belonging originally to the jointure particular building. In it they set up a house of prayer and their apartment. On Sundays, numerous compatriots came across the border to celebrate Holy Mass with them. Later the Vredener Franciscans took over the pastoral care there.

Glane (Gronau) - Marienflucht Monastery

Preserved outbuilding of Marienflucht Monastery

In 1633 in Glane in Gronau built for the Dutch Catholics in Enschede and around Mission Station founded in 1664 in Almelo displaced Tertiarierinnen a new monastery with a patronage in which their position was expressed: "Mary on the Flight into Egypt" ( Latin Coenobium fugae Mariae in Aegyptum ), in short: "Marienflucht". In 1803 the Franciscan nuns in Glane accepted the Annunciants who had been expelled from Coesfeld . In 1811 the monastery was closed and later demolished except for one wing.

See also

literature

History of the mission stations

  • Bernhard Lensing: Notkirchen on the Dutch-Munster border . In: Unser Bocholt , 3rd year (1952), pp. 127–130.
  • Hubert Müller, Guido Leeck (Red.): Limitless. Zwillbrock and the mission stations on the border . Freundeskreis Barockkirche Zwillbrock, Vreden-Zwillbrock 2008, ISBN 978-3-937432-25-0 (for the exhibition "Zwillbrock and the mission stations on the border" in the Hamaland Museum in Vreden from October 26, 2008 to January 11, 2009).
  • Franz Wilhelm Woker: History of the North German Franciscan Missions of the Saxon Order Province of St. Cross. A contribution to the church history of northern Germany after the Reformation. Freiburg 1880.

Individual mission stations

  • Jacobus Joannes van Deinse: "Herker-Orthaus" near Alstätte . In: From ancient times. Organ of the Association for Historical Research and Archeology of the Ahaus District , Vol. 2 (1904), p. 50.
  • Clemens Heitmann: Former chapel in Alstätter Brook near Herker-Orthaus . In: From ancient times. Organ of the association for historical research and antiquity of the Ahaus district , vol. 2 (1904), p. 66.
  • Hermann Terhalle: Baroque church of St. Franziskus Vreden-Zwillbrock . Published by the Friends of the Baroque Church Zwillbrock e. V. Ziegler Beckmann, Cologne 1996.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Guido Leeck, Volker Tschuschke: Chronological outline of the history of the monasteries and mission stations in the border area . In: Hubert Müller, Guido Leeck (Red.): Limitless. Zwillbrock and the mission stations on the border . Freundeskreis Barockkirche Zwillbrock, Vreden-Zwillbrock 2008, pp. 20–54.
  2. ^ Wilhelm Kohl : The missionary work of Dutch border areas by Minorites from Bocholt and Zwillbrock . In: Hubert Müller, Guido Leeck (Red.): Limitless. Zwillbrock and the mission stations on the border . Freundeskreis Barockkirche Zwillbrock, Vreden-Zwillbrock 2008, pp. 55–62.
  3. ^ Ulrich Menkhaus (Red.): The Diocese of Münster , Vol. 3: The parishes . Regensberg, Münster 1993, ISBN 3-7923-0646-8 , p. 164.
  4. ↑ a b c Ulrich Menkhaus (Red.): The Diocese of Münster , Vol. 3: The parishes . Regensberg, Münster 1993, ISBN 3-7923-0646-8 , p. 162.
  5. ↑ Bocholter Stadtlexikon: St. Michael Suderwick , accessed on May 12, 2018.
  6. ^ Dorothea Kluge, Wilfried Hansmann (Red.): Dehio manual of the German art monuments, North Rhine-Westphalia II: Westphalia. Deutscher Kunstverlag , Berlin / Munich 1977, p. 550.
  7. ↑ a b Klemens Becker: Bocholt from the primeval landscape to the city. A walk through the history of our closer home . Drei Linden Verlag, Bocholt 1962, p. 42.
  8. ^ Ulrich Menkhaus (Red.): The Diocese of Münster , Vol. 3: The parishes . Regensberg, Münster 1993, ISBN 3-7923-0646-8 , p. 165.
  9. ↑ Trinity on the website of the parish St. Franziskus Isselburg, accessed on May 12, 2018.
  10. ^ Ulrich Menkhaus (Red.): The Diocese of Münster , Vol. 3: The parishes . Regensberg, Münster 1993, ISBN 3-7923-0646-8 , p. 160.
  11. ↑ a b De Kreuzkapelle in Hemden (Dutch), accessed on May 12, 2018.
  12. ^ Ulrich Menkhaus (Red.): The Diocese of Münster , Vol. 3: The parishes . Regensberg, Münster 1993, ISBN 3-7923-0646-8 , p. 425.
  13. ↑ a b c Heimatvereine Südlohn and Oeding: St. Jakobus Parish Church , accessed on May 12, 2018.
  14. ↑ Art. Zwillbrock - Minoriten . In: Karl Hengst (Ed.): Westfälisches Klosterbuch , Vol. 2: Münster - Zwillbrock . Verlag Aschendorff, Münster 1994, ISBN 3-402-06888-5 , pp. 505-509.
  15. ↑ a b Dutch Catholics visit Zwillbrock. The nucleus of your community , www.muensterlandzeitung.de, September 6, 2012, accessed on May 12, 2018.
  16. ^ A b Bernhard Lensing: Notkirchen on the Dutch-Munster border . In: Unser Bocholt , 3rd year (1952), pp. 127–130, here p. 129.
  17. ↑ St. Antonius von Padua / Oldenkott , accessed on May 12, 2018.
  18. ^ Church, pub, cowshed. A church is supposed to have stood there? In this dead end street in Wennewick, right on the Dutch border, far from the nearest farm? www.muensterlandzeitung.de, April 1, 2008, accessed on May 12, 2018.
  19. ↑ Volker Tschuschke: Vredener Franziskaner in Alstätte and the former chapel at Herker-Orthaus . In: Sources and studies on the history of Vreden and its surroundings , Vol. 3. Heimatverein, Vreden 1995, ISBN 3-926627-16-6 , pp. 37-48.
  20. ^ Wilhelm Kohl: Art. Franziskanerterziarinnenkloster Marienflucht, Glane . In: Karl Hengst (Hrsg.): Westfälisches Klosterbuch. Lexicon of the monasteries and monasteries established before 1815 from their foundation to their dissolution , vol. 1: Ahlen - Mülheim . Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06886-9 , pp. 354-355.
  21. ↑ Jacobus Joannes van Deinse: Glane Monastery or Marienflucht near Glanerbrück . In: From ancient times. Organ of the Association for Historical Research and Archeology of the Ahaus District , Vol. 2 (1904), p. 67.