Mykola Muraschko

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Mykola Muraschko, by Ilja Repin 1866

Mykola Iwanowytsch Muraschko ( Ukrainian Микола Іванович Мурашко , Russian Николай Иванович Мурашко / Nikolai Ivanovich Muraschko ; born May 8 jul. / 20th May  1844 greg. In Glukhov , Chernigov Governorate , Russian Empire , † September 9 jul. / September 22  1909 greg. In Butscha , Kiev Governorate , Russian Empire) was a Ukrainian- Russian painter, art critic, art historian and founder and director of the Kiev drawing school .

Life

Mykola Muraschko was born in Hluchiw in what is now the Ukrainian Oblast Sumy as the son of the icon painter Ivan Muraschko. He initially wanted to study in Kiev, but there he was advised to take up studies at the Imperial Art Academy in Saint Petersburg . He implemented this and from 1863 to 1866 he studied at the Petersburg Academy, where he met Ilya Repin and made friends with him. However, Muraschko was unable to complete his studies due to an illness and was forced to return to Ukraine after he was granted the license to teach by the academy in October 1867.

In 1868 he began teaching as a high school art teacher in Kiev. In 1875 Muraschko received written permission from the Rector of St. Vladimir University to found a private drawing school, after which he opened the Kiev drawing school that same year . Hryhorij Djadtschenko , Ivan Trusch , Volodymyr Orlowskyj , Mikhail Vrubel , Mykola Pymonenko , Ivan Selesnjow and Chariton Platonov taught at the school, which, with financial help from Wassyl Tarnowskyj junior , existed for 25 years until May 22, 1901 . The students of the drawing school included Jewhen Wscheschtsch , Ivan Yishakewytsch , Kostyantyn Kryschyzkyj , Witold Bjalynitski-Birulja , Petro Kholodnyj , Viktor Samirailo and Mykola Pymonenko.

In the late 1870s Muraschko dealt intensively with landscape painting so that he created numerous landscape paintings in the 1880s / 90s. During this creative phase he also painted several portraits in the tradition of Russian realistic painting, such as that of the Russian painter Nikolai Ge . However, the focus of his activities was teaching the students of his art school, for which he attended the best schools to study. In 1885, 1891 and 1894 he toured the art schools and academies in Krakow, Vienna, Paris, Bologna, Florence and Rome. Since the 1880s, he published articles and reviews in the press, and sponsored artists.

1877 was built on his initiative, an annual art exhibition in Kiev, which the works of Russian, Ukrainian and international painters of realism as Yevhen Wscheschtsch, Volodymyr Orlowskyj, Kyriak Kostandi , Rufin Sudkowskyj , Gennadi Ladyschenski ( Геннадий Александрович Ладыженский 1853-1916), Opanas Slastion ( Руфін Гаврилович Судковський 1855–1933), Ilya Repin, Vasily Vereschtschagin , Wassili Polenow and Iwan Schischkin exhibited.

Murashko died at the age of 65 in his dacha in Butscha 25 kilometers northwest of Kiev and was buried in Kiev in the Lukjanivska cemetery .

Between 1907 and 1909 Muraschko published his memoirs in three volumes. 1956 published Jurij Turchenko (( рій Якович Турченко ) in Kiev his work about him and his painting school. Mykola Muraschko was the step-uncle of the Ukrainian painter and teacher Oleksandr Muraschko (Mykola's brother, the icon painter Oleksandr Muraschko, was the husband of the mother of the illegitimate Oleksandr Muraschko), whom he supported after he left his parents' house at the age of fifteen.

  • Ukrainian landscape, 1896

  • Illustration in the Ukrainian translation of the fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen , 1873

  • Further illustration of Andersen's fairy tales, 1873

  • Further illustration of Andersen's fairy tales, 1873

  • Mykola Muraschko by Oleksandr Muraschko , 1906

Web links

Commons : Mykola Muraschko  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ * Muraschko NI  memories of an old painter. 1875-1901. Kiev 1907. pp. 7-10, 21, 144.
    • Kondakov SN The list of Russian painters for the anniversary of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. St. Petersburg 1915. p. 134.
  2. ↑ a b biography of Mykola Murashko on uahistory ; accessed on January 11, 2017 (Ukrainian)
  3. ↑ a b c Biography of Mykola Muraschko on the website of the Universal Scientific Library of Khmelnytskyi Oblast ; accessed on January 11, 2017 (Ukrainian)
  4. ^ Entry on Wassyl Tarnowskyj in the Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine ; accessed on February 11, 2018 (Ukrainian)
  5. ↑ Article on Murashko, Mykola I. in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ; accessed on January 11, 2017
  6. ↑ Biography Oleksandr Muraschko ; accessed on January 11, 2017 (Ukrainian)
personal data
SURNAME Murashko, Mykola
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muraschko, Mykola Ivanovych (full name); Мурашко, Микола Іванович (Ukrainian); Мурашко, Николай Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian painter, art critic, art historian and school principal
DATE OF BIRTH May 20, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Hluchiw , Chernigov Governorate , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH September 22, 1909
Place of death Butscha , Kiev Governorate , Russian Empire