Neuburg Forest
| Neuburg Forest | ||
|---|---|---|
 View from the Platte (499 m) to the Neuburg Forest. The mountains of the Bavarian Forest can be seen in the background. |
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| Highest peak | Plate ( 499 m ) | |
| location | west and south of Passau | |
| part of | Bavarian forest | |
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| Coordinates | 48 ° 33 ' N , 13 ° 21' E | |
| rock | Granite , gneiss | |
| surface | 186 km² | |
 Neuburg Forest (maximum delimitation according to the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation , including the Alkofener Heights to the left of the Vils) |
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The Neuburg Forest is a largely wooded mountain range and natural area in Lower Bavaria in the district of Passau and in the independent city of Passau . It is named after the community of Neuburg am Inn in the east .
geography
The Neuburg Forest is actually an extension of the Bavarian Forest that crosses the Danube and thus forms a peripheral zone of the Bohemian Massif . It extends south of the Danube from the lower Vilstal near Vilshofen to the lower Inntal near Passau , and in the southeast to Neuburg am Inn for almost 30 km. In the north is the steep slope of the Löwenwand near Seestetten (southern right bank of the Danube). The width averages just under seven kilometers. The Neuburg Forest covers an area of 186 square kilometers. The Sauwald continues on Austrian territory east of the Inn . Including this, the Danube has dug its way through the foothills of the Bavarian Forest for a total of 70 km.
The Neuburg Forest is divided into three main sections: In the narrower sense, only the eastern third of this area is referred to as the Neuburg Forest, with an area of around 60 km². The central part of the natural space unit is called Hochbuchet , while the western part, west of the Laufenbach, between Hochbuchet and Vilstal , has no special name. The Alkofener Heights to the left of the Vils are also included in the natural spatial unit of the Neuburg Forest.
The Neuburg Forest is mainly located in the area of the municipalities of Fürstenzell and the eponymous Neuburg am Inn , as well as the southern Passau districts of Heining (there is the Löwenwand ), Haidenhof North and Haidenhof South . Its north-western part, west of the Lauterbach, protrudes into the area of the city of Vilshofen (near the Seestetten district: Seestettner Holz with the 390 meter high Hirschenberg ).
At an altitude of an average of 400 to 475 meters, it reaches its greatest height in the Platte at 499 meters. This is a flat tip when the district Old Market the municipality Fuerstenzell at 48 ° 33 '10 " N , 13 ° 20' 48" O . There is a water tower on the plate . The second highest elevation is only slightly lower at 498 meters; it is in the Hochgasse (forest) on the circuit road PA11 when Weiler Haunreuth, a part of Fuerstenzell, at 48 ° 33 '7 " N , 13 ° 18' 55" O .
The Neuburg Forest is made up of granite and gneiss . Particularly on the north and south-west roof it is embedded in mighty Pliocene and Pleistocene gravel .
history
middle Ages
Most of the Neuburg Forest had been a royal estate since Charlemagne . In 887 the Bishop of Passau was granted sovereignty, after which the Counts of Formbach and the Counts of Andechs owned the forest. In 1248 the Duchy of Bavaria took over the area.
The Passauerwald or Passauer Hart was already in the Middle Ages, and from 1208 the Neuburg Forest was a wild forest . Mainly for hunting reasons, when feeding the game , care was taken to preserve fruit-bearing tree species ("arbores fructiferae") such as red beech , English oak , sloe and wild fruit . The monastery Vornbach granted one for services rendered right to use that little was significant because of the small settlement. Around 1470 the last Bavarian aurochs was shot in the Neuburg Forest .
17th and 18th centuries
For centuries the forest was owned by the County of Neuburg , whose masters changed quickly. For a long time, the focus was solely on the keeping of game that could be hunted, with the corresponding damage caused by game , which particularly affected the farmers. In the 17th century, the importance of using wood began to increase.
In 1730 the County of Neuburg was acquired by the Passau Monastery under Bishop Joseph Dominikus von Lamberg . The forest now served the Passau prince-bishop as a hunting area. In the High Princely Passau Forestry Regulations of June 18, 1776, Prince-Bishop Leopold Ernst von Firmian issued strict rules for forest use in order to prevent overuse .
19th century
Due to the secularization in Bavaria , the Neuburg Forest became a state forest in 1803 . As compensation for the now prohibited use of pasture, litter and wood, the state gave over 500 hectares of forest to the surrounding beneficiaries, especially in the southern and western parts. These cleared most of it and turned it into farmland.
The remaining forest was thus free from the previous burdens on forest law. From 1835 to 1851, forester Johann Ludwig Winneberger (1794–1860) was responsible for the Neuburg Forest. He had 294 hectares of areas damaged by overexploitation afforested with oak and other deciduous trees. As a result of this action, old oak stands still exist today. The most famous poacher in the Neuburg Forest was Sepp Sattler from Deichselberg, known as the "new Bavarian Hiasl ", who was shot on April 2, 1878 in an exchange of fire with the gendarmerie in Brauchsdorf.
The 20th century
The oak was preferred in the Neuburg Forest throughout the 19th century. It was not until 1900 that the cultivation of spruce began to spread on the basis of the pure soil yield theory . In the north, in particular, spruce was grown on a large scale. In 1973 the entire Neuburg Forest was assigned to the Griesbach im Rottal Forestry Office. The construction of the route for the A3 motorway , which has been crossing the area since 1976, brought about a considerable change . In 1979 the natural forest reserves of Habichtsbaum, Hecke and Leitenwies were created.
present
The greater part of the Neuburg Forest (3,800 hectares) has been looked after by the Bavarian State Forests since the 2005 forest reform . In the east is the FFH area 7446-37 Eastern Neuburg Forest and Innleiten to Vornbach , which extends south of Passau along the Inn. Around 25% of the Neuburg Forest is designated as an FFH area. 1383.8 ha belong to the conservation area Front Bacher Enge , further north in Passau is the 104.4-hectare conservation area Kohlbruck . A rare breeding bird in the area is the black stork .
literature
- Elmar Thumbach: The Neuburg Forest , in: The Bavarian Forest , anniversary issue 150 years of the Natural Science Association Passau , year 21, December 2008, pp. 88–95
- Ulrich Pietrusky, Günther Michler, Donatus Moosauer: Niederbayern - rediscovered in flight , Morsak Grafenau publishing house, 2nd edition 1982, ISBN 3-87553-135-3
- Passauer Land, ed. from the House of Bavarian History, Augsburg 2009 (Edition Bayern 1), Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 88 pages, ISBN 3791722387 , ISBN 978-3791722382
proof
- ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Landscape profile 40802 Neuburg Forest ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Passauer Land, ed. from the House of Bavarian History, Augsburg 2009 (Edition Bayern 1), Verlag Friedrich Pustet
- ^ A b Felix Mader: The art monuments of Bavaria. District Office Passau. Oldenbourg, 1920, page 2 limited preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Ulrich Pietrusky, Donatus Moosauer, Günther Michler: Niederbayern - rediscovered in flight. A geography in 103 colored aerial photographs , Morsak Grafenau Verlag, 2nd edition 1982, ISBN 3-87553-135-3 , p. 36: “The Neuburg Forest covers an area of about 6000 hectares, of which 100 years ago a third was peasant forest was. "
- ↑ Ulrich Pietrusky, Donatus Moosauer: The Bavarian Forest - rediscovered in flight. A geography with 116 colored and six black-and-white aerial photographs , Morsak Grafenau Verlag, 1985, ISBN 3-87553-228-7 , p. 274: “However, gneiss and granite from the Alkofner Heights rarely come to the surface and are covered by tertiary sediments and loess loam covered. "
- ↑ Fritsch hiking map, 8th edition: "Bavarian Forest" with entries in the Bavarian Forest Nature Park and National Park , scale 1: 100,000.
- ↑ Wilderness Literature. (No longer available online.) In: waldwildnis.de. Archived from the original on March 1, 2012 ; accessed on December 30, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Alfred Schwarzmaier: The saddler Sepp von Deichselberg. On the life and death of the most notorious poacher in our Lower Bavarian homeland , Verlag Attenkofer Straubing, 2015, ISBN 978-3-942742-60-3
