Neuenhammer (Georgenberg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Neuenhammer
Municipality George Berg
Coordinates: 49 ° 41 ′ 36 ″  N , 12 ° 23 ′ 9 ″  E
Height : 556 m above sea level NN
Postal code : 92697
Area code : 09658
Neuenhammer (Georgenberg) Hammerschloss and castle church
Neuenhammer (Georgenberg) Hammerschloss and castle church

Neuenhammer is part of the municipality Georgenberg in the Upper Palatinate district in the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district .

Geographical location

Neuenhammer is located about two kilometers southwest of Georgenberg in the Zottbachtal on the state road 2396 . South of Neuenhammer, the Schwarzbrunnenbach flows into the Zottbach from the right (west).

history

In the 14th century, the village in which Neuenhammer was called Ödenmühl (also: Die Öd Mühl). Mills used the water power of the Zottbach before the 14th century. Some of these early settlements later perished again, they became desolate or desolate. The names of these desolate places were then still used as field names. When these places were then repopulated again after years or decades, they got their old name but the syllable Öd- was put in front. In this way, the original mill, which had fallen in ruins, later became Ödenmühl during the repopulation. In the 14th century, many mills were converted into hammer mills and additional hammer mills were founded. Neuenhammer was one of these hammer mills.

Neuenhammer belonged to the Waldsassen monastery at the beginning of the 14th century . In 1350 the Waldsassen Monastery transferred the bailiwick of Neuenhammer (Die Öd Mühl) to Landgrave Ulrich II and Johann I von Leuchtenberg. In 1352 the Waldsassen Monastery sold Neuenhammer (the hammer to the Ödenmühl) to Ulrich, Konrad and Heinrich von Waldau.

In 1808 tax districts were formed. Dimpfl was a tax district. In addition to Dimpfl itself, the Dimpfl district included the villages of Faislbach, Rehberg and Vorderbrünst, the hamlet of Neuenhammer and the deserted areas of Galsterlohe and Hammermühle.

In 1821, Neuenhammer and 11 families belonged to the Bernrieth community. In addition to Neuenhammer, the municipality of Bernrieth also included the villages of Oberbernrieth with 11 families, Unterbernrieth with 19 families and Bibershof with 8 families, the Weiher Unterfahrenberg with 5 families and the deserted Oberfahrenberg and Radwaschen each with two families. In 1845 the hammer mill owner Rath applied for a license for a glass loop. Adolf Pohlmann worked here in 1936 . The factory buildings were demolished in 1996.

In 1867 Neuenhammer had 15 buildings and 77 residents. In Neuenhammer there was a church, a school and a private ironworks. Neuenhammer belonged to the municipality of Bernrieth, which also had Bibershof with 45 residents and 19 buildings, Birkenbühl with 22 residents and 13 buildings, Hagnmühle with 67 residents and 7 buildings, Mangelsdorf with 17 residents and 5 buildings, Oberbernrieth with 104 residents and 45 buildings, and Oberfahrenberg 12 residents and 6 buildings, Pfifferlingstiel with 5 residents and 12 buildings, Radwaschen with 8 residents and 4 buildings, Schafbruck with 57 residents and 4 buildings, Schellhopfen with 9 residents and 3 buildings, Unterbernrieth with 12 residents and 3 buildings and Unterfahrenberg with 25 residents and 8 buildings.

In 1964 Neuenhammer belonged to the Bernrieth community. At that time, the municipality of Bernrieth consisted of the districts Oberbernrieth, Bibershof, Birkenbühl, Hagenmühle, Mangelsdorf, Neuenhammer, Oberfahrenberg, Pfifferlingstiel, Radwaschen, Schafbruck, Unterbernrieth and Unterfahrenberg.

On January 1, 1972, the Bernrieth community was dissolved. Neuenhammer was incorporated into the municipality of Georgenberg. The other parts of the municipality of Bernrieth were divided between the municipalities of Pleystein and Waldthurn.

The hammer mill in Neuenhammer

Beginnings up to the 17th century

The Sulzbach Counts , first mentioned in 1043 in Upper Palatinate, brought mining and iron production to this area. In the area of ​​the Zottbach there has been iron production since the end of the 12th century. During this time the first hammer mill was built in Neuenhammer.

The hammer mill in Neuenhammer (then: Ödtmühle) existed in the 14th century. At that time there were also hammer works in Altentreswitz, Eslarn , Pleystein , Strebelhammer, Roggenstein , Schellhopfen, Gehenhammer, Lückenrieth, Gröbenstädt , Böhmischbruck and Woppenrieth.

The Hussite Wars of 1416–1436 dealt an almost devastating blow to the emerging iron mining industry. With the establishment of the Great Hammer Association in 1464, a new upswing in iron mining began. This upswing was also promoted by the responsible authorities ( Landgrave Friedrich von Leuchtenberg , Duke Ludwig the Rich , Duke Johann , Duke Siegmund , Palatine Count Otto ) by granting mining rights and establishing iron mines. More than half of the ores were extracted from small pits. The Landshut War of Succession in 1504/05 brought a setback . After that, however, the upturn intensified. The domestic demand for iron and sheet iron grew so rapidly that in the 16th century the export of iron to foreign countries was banned under threat of imprisonment. This lively iron retail trade saw the introduction of logos imprinted on the iron. Neuenhammer had a "storm hat in trouble" as a sign.

In order to guarantee a continuous and reliable iron supply, the mining companies in Amberg and Sulzbach concluded contracts with the hammer mills, including Neuenhammer. In these contracts it was stipulated that the hammer mills deliver their iron to Amberg and receive Amberg ore in return. In 1609 the net profit of a hammer was 400 guilders and brought a return of 8%.

The Thirty Years' War brought another setback . After the end of the war, only 29 of the original 83 hammers were still active in the Upper Palatinate. The other hammers lay desolate because of the war.

Hammerschloss Neuenhammer, today an inn

18th century to the present

The Great Hammer Agreement initially brought about an upswing in iron mining. In the 18th century, however, their rigid set of rules increasingly hampered innovation and progress and, among other factors, caused the decline of the Upper Palatinate hammering industry. Hammer master Frank bought the Ödtmühle (= Neuenhammer) with a smith and stove, two iron hammers and a Pucher hammer from Prince Lobkowitz at the beginning of the 18th century. He applied for a blast furnace to be built. However, this was only approved after 60 years. The hammer cleaning was rigidly aimed at wrought iron and sheet metal and prevented the construction of stucco and blast furnaces, which were already used elsewhere (Sweden, Austria) for steel and iron production.

Between 1722 and 1738 Niclas Frank owned Neuenhammer. As early as 1481, Wilhelm Frank was an iron dealer in Regensburg. He acquired part of the Sulzbach tenth ore. By marrying his sons to the daughters of the hammer gentlemen Schreyer from Nuremberg, Frank expanded his family's influence in iron extraction. Finally, the last daughter of the Frank family married Johann Michael Eduard Rath from Wiesau-Falkenberg, who took over the Neuenhammer hammer mill.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the ironworks in the Upper Palatinate ran into difficulties. Some reasons for this were the poor transport connections, the old-fashioned hammer mills and miniature blast furnaces and the wood crisis. In 1820, peat began to be added as fuel to the scarce charcoal in Neuenhammer. By the end of the 19th century, many hammer mills were converted into glass grinding and polishing works.

In 1833 Johann Michael Eduard Franz Rath bought the Neuenhammer Hammergut. Together with his wife Theresa, he managed it for 31 years, built the church and campaigned for the construction of a new school.

In 1845 Eduard Rath applied to the Vohenstrauß district office for permission to set up a glass ribbon and foreman. In 1853, the paper miller Jakob Pausch applied for the conversion of his paper mill in Neuenhammer into a glass ribbon. In 1855 there were four glass loops in Neuenhammer.

In 1864 Eduard Rath sold the entire property to Michael Sichert and Wolfgang Wild. The Hammergut came into the possession of the Gmeiner family through the Wild family in 1881.

In 1887 the company Kupfer & Glaser operated a mirror loop in Neuenhammer.

Through marriage and inheritance, the Hammergut finally came to the Maurer family in 1951, who still own it today (2015). According to a determination by Johann Michael Eduard Franz Rath, the church was sold free of charge to the new owner.

religion

In 1678 Neuenhammer belonged to the parish of Waldkirch. The parish of Waldkirch was founded in 1482 by Cistercian monks from the Waldsassen monastery.

Neuenhammer later belonged to the parish of Waldthurn. In 1788 the parish of Neukirchen zu St. Christoph was founded. In the following years a part of Neuenhammer was re-parish in the parish of Neukirchen to St. Christoph. The other part of Neuenhammer initially remained in the parish of Waldthurn.

In 1838, 4 houses and 31 Catholics from Neuenhammer belonged to the parish of Neukirchen zu St. Christoph and 4 houses and 49 Catholics and the newly built castle church in Neuenhammer belonged to the parish of Waldthurn. Neuenhammer was 100% Catholic at the time.

In 1913 4 houses and 36 Catholics from Neuenhammer belonged to the parish Neukirchen zu St. Christoph and 5 houses and 56 Catholics and the castle church in Neuenhammer belonged to the parish Waldthurn. The parish Neukirchen zu St. Christoph had 1,474 Catholics and 6 Protestants at that time, the parish Waldthurn had 2,223 Catholics and 2 Protestants.

In 1996 the part of Neuenhammer that had previously belonged to Waldthurn was also re-pared to the parish of Neukirchen in St. Christoph. 123 Catholics now lived in Neuenhammer. The parish of Neukirchen zu St. Christoph had 1541 Catholics and 24 non-Catholics at that time.

Church of Our Lady in Neuenhammer

Church of Our Lady

In 1837 the castle church in Neuenhammer was built under the supervision of the hammer lock owner Johann Michael Eduard Franz Rath and consecrated to the Virgin Mary by Bishop Franz Xaver von Schwäbl on July 15, 1837 . Bishop Franz Xaver von Schwäbl was a college friend of the landowner Johann Michael Eduard Franz Rath. The latter actually only wanted to build a small house chapel for himself, his family and his employees, but then decided on the advice of the bishop to build this larger church. Neuenhammer was located 5 and 4.5 kilometers away from the two neighboring parishes of Waldthurn and Neukirchen zu St. Christoph. This long path was difficult to cope with, especially in winter when there was heavy snow, so that the residents of Neuenhammer and the surrounding hamlets could not attend the service.

The church was attached to the side of the hammer lock. From a glazed, heated room in the attic of the hammer lock, the church service in the church could be followed by the family of the hammer master. School lessons were also held in this so-called church room around 1890.

Since the ground was swampy due to the nearby Zottbach, the church was built on oak piles. The late baroque high altar from around 1720 was donated by Bishop Schwäbl. It was originally located in Regensburg Cathedral, from which King Ludwig I had it removed in 1834.

Worth seeing

The former hammer castle from the 17th century, which today (2015) houses an inn and a butcher's shop, and the attached castle church from the 19th century are listed.

literature

Web links

Commons : Neuenhammer (Georgenberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Our Lady (Neuenhammer)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Hammerschloss Neuenhammer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fritsch hiking map of the Northern Upper Palatinate Forest Nature Park, scale 1: 50,000
  2. ↑ a b Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 65 ( digitized version ).
  3. ↑ Reinhard H. Seitz: From the northern forest to the Vohenstrauß district. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, pp. 38, 48.
  4. ↑ Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 270 ( digitized version ).
  5. ↑ Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 214 f . ( Digitized version ).
  6. ^ Johannes Ibel: The mirror glass grinding and polishing in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab including the city of Weiden: A contribution to the industrial and economic history of the northern Upper Palatinate. eurotrans-Verl., Weiden in der Oberpfalz 1999, p. 90.
  7. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 801 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 221 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ Dieter Bernd: Vohenstrauss . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Old Bavaria . Series I, issue 39. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-7696-9900-9 , p. 232 ( digitized version ).
  10. ^ Robert Kuhnle: Economy of the home. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, p. 116.
  11. ^ Robert Kuhnle: Economy of the home. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, p. 118.
  12. ^ A b c Robert Kuhnle: Economy of the home. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, p. 120.
  13. ^ Werner Rother: Mining and processing of iron ore in Sulzbach and Amberg. Fernuniversität Hagen, WS 2006/07, pp. 25, 26
  14. ^ Werner Rother: Mining and processing of iron ore in Sulzbach and Amberg. Fernuniversität Hagen, WS 2006/07, pp. 23–26
  15. ^ Robert Kuhnle: Economy of the home. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, p. 119.
  16. ^ Robert Kuhnle: Economy of the home. In: Gerhard Gietl and Alfred Hoeppner (editors): The district of Vohenstrauß. Publishing house for authorities and economy R. Alfred Hoeppner, Aßling / Obb. and Munich 1969, pp. 115-125.
  17. ↑ a b Josef Franz Dirscherl: The east Bavarian border mountains as a base for the glass industry. Dissertation, 1938. pp. 43, 44 , accessed on December 3, 2015 .
  18. ↑ a b c d Johann Maurer: Hammerwirt - Chronicle. Retrieved November 27, 2015 .
  19. ↑ Michael Müller: The mirror glass dynasty "Copper and Glaser" and the Frankenreuth glassworks (Opf.), P. 6, 7. Accessed on December 4, 2015 .
  20. ^ Georgenberg community: General / History. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 8, 2015 ; accessed on November 27, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.georgenberg.de
  21. ↑ a b c Diocese of Regensburg (Ed.): Register of the Diocese of Regensburg . ed. i. A. Sr Excellency of the Most Revered Bishop Dr. Antonius von Henle from the Episcopal Ordinariate Regensburg. Regensburg 1916, p. 336 ( digitized version ).
  22. ↑ Josepf Lipf (Editor): matrikel bishopric of Regensburg . Ed .: Diocese of Regensburg. Pustet, Regensburg 1838, p. 166 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ Josepf Lipf (Editor): matrikel bishopric of Regensburg . Ed .: Diocese of Regensburg. Pustet, Regensburg 1838, p. 169 ( digitized version ).
  24. ↑ a b Diocese of Regensburg (ed.): Register of the Diocese of Regensburg . ed. i. A. Sr Excellency of the Most Revered Bishop Dr. Antonius von Henle from the Episcopal Ordinariate Regensburg. Regensburg 1916, p. 330 ( digitized version ).
  25. ↑ Manfred Müller (Ed.): Register of the diocese of Regensburg. Verlag des Bischöflichen Ordinariats Regensburg, 1997, pp. 432, 433
  26. ↑ Josepf Lipf (Editor): matrikel bishopric of Regensburg . Ed .: Diocese of Regensburg. Pustet, Regensburg 1838, p. 170 ( digitized version ).
  27. ↑ List of monuments for Georgenberg (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation

Web links

Commons : Neuenhammer (Georgenberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files