Neustadt (Hildesheim)
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Neustadt
City of Hildesheim
Coordinates: 52 ° 8 ′ 45 ″ N , 9 ° 57 ′ 2 ″ E
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| Area : | 22 ha |
| Residents : | 2226 (Dec. 2019) |
| Population density : | 10,118 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1803 |
| Postal code : | 31134 |
| Area code : | 05121 |
 Location of Neustadt in Hildesheim
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The Neustadt is a district of the Lower Saxony city of Hildesheim . It was founded between 1212 and 1216 and was an independent community until it was forcibly merged with Hildesheim's old town at the beginning of the 19th century. Today, together with the Stadtmitte district, it forms a locality within the meaning of Lower Saxony's municipal constitution law .
history
Before the founding of the Neustadt several villages were located southeast of Hildesheim, of which Losebeck - mentioned in a document in 1147 - extended roughly in the area of the square now called “Goschentor” and the Lamberti cemetery and was therefore closest to the city. Not far from there was the village of Hohnsen , which is still remembered today by a street name. Other villages in this area were Harlessem , which is also remembered by a street name, and Wackensen. After the establishment of the new town, these villages became devastated , as their residents settled in the newly founded town. The Neustadt was mentioned in writing for the first time in a document in 1221, its sole lord of the city became in 1226 according to a letter of protection from King Henry VII of Hildesheim Cathedral Provost .
Around 1200 or 1215 the provost of Hildesheim Cathedral founded a settlement immediately southeast of Hildesheim on the trade route to Goslar , which was named Neustadt. Like the dam town founded west of Hildesheim in 1196, it was supposed to form an antipole to the up-and-coming, economically strong Hildesheim, which had around 5,000 inhabitants around 1270 and increasingly withdrew from the influence of the bishop. Like other cities newly founded in the Middle Ages, the new town was laid out according to plan, with straight streets and an almost square market square . The outlines of the new town can still be seen in the city map today, as its streets, which are regularly laid out according to a certain geometric pattern, clearly stand out from the irregular street pattern of the old town. The Neustadt forms a rectangle with a side length of a little over 500 m in east-west and about 450 m in north-south direction, in the middle of which is the Neustädter Markt.
The Neustadt created an infrastructure that was remarkable by medieval standards: like other cities, it had a town hall, an orphanage on Keßlerstraße and a hospital in today's Goschenstraße and Annenstraße. In the street known today as “Neustädter Stobenstraße” there was a public bath mentioned for the first time in 1428, at that time called “Badestube”. The new town was soon surrounded by a ring of fortifications with ramparts and ditches: the Braunschweiger Tor was built in the east in 1285, the Goschentor in the southeast around 1300, the Brühltor in the southwest around 1348 and the Kempentor in the northwest in 1412. Hildesheim's old town could be reached through the Kempentor via today's Friesenstieg, as well as through the Brühltor via what is now known as the “Gelber Stern” street. The Kehrwiederturm was built around 1300 and is now a landmark in Hildesheim.
The old town was separated from the new town by reinforcing its existing city wall. Again and again there were disputes between the old and new town. Because of the uncertain times, the many wars and misses, however, both sides had an interest in a secure external fortification, and it also seemed advantageous to defend the two immediately adjacent cities together. Therefore, for example, in 1512 and 1514, joint work on ramparts and ditches was undertaken. To protect both cities, the people of Neustadt dug the sand ditch in 1512, the course of which corresponds to today's Garden Street. After all, the old and new towns were girdled together by an extensive system of ramparts and moats that lasted until 1810.
In 1583 a union treaty was signed between the two cities, in which many points of dispute were settled. The western city wall, the Brühl and Kempentor gates of the Neustadt were demolished and the “Neue Straße” laid out as an additional connection between the two partners. It still leads from Wollenweberstrasse to Hückedahl today.
The two cities were only fully unified in 1803. Until then, the Neustadt had its own town hall on Neustädter Markt and its own city lord, the Dompropst. After the unification, the Neustädter Rathaus, which was no longer needed and located north of the Lambertikirche on Neustädter Markt, was sold and demolished in 1806.
See also the list of mayors of the Neustadt Hildesheim .
After merging with the old town, the new town developed into a densely built-up and densely populated residential area with numerous craft businesses. From 1810 the medieval fortifications were removed piece by piece. From Goschenstrasse to the newly established Hildesheim Ost train station , a new road was laid out in 1876, Wörthstrasse. From 1913 to 1945 the Neustadt was crossed by line 3 of the Hildesheim tram .
During the Second World War , the Neustadt was badly damaged in the air raids on Hildesheim . On February 22, 1945 the Lambertikirche was badly damaged on the roof, windows and choir by high explosive bombs, numerous houses, especially in Goschenstrasse and Güntherstrasse as well as on Neustädter Markt were destroyed. Many other buildings in the new town were damaged. In the last and heaviest air raid on Hildesheim on March 22, 1945, the Neustadt was hit again and even more severely. The Lambertikirche and numerous houses burned out completely. Only the striking corner house with the half-timbered gable on the Neustädter Markt at the corner of Goschenstrasse, the southern part of Wollenweberstrasse, Keßlerstrasse and Knollenstrasse , Lappenberg and Gelber Stern and the narrow street Am Kehrwieder with the Kehrwiederturm remained .
politics
The town of Stadtmitte / Neustadt is represented by an eleven-member local council.
Local mayor is Dirk Bettels (CDU), deputy local mayors are Nikolaus Schramm (FDP) and Uwe Dietrich (Bündnis 90 / DIE GRÜNEN).
Culture and sights
The Neustadt was mainly inhabited by craftsmen, as several street names still show today, for example Wollenweberstrasse and Keßlerstrasse . It was not only smaller, but also economically considerably weaker than the Hanseatic city of Hildesheim. As a result, the houses were lower and more modest. The Wollenweberstrasse, which has been known under its current name since 1473, was originally called "Bettlerstrasse" because of the poor population of its residents. This name has been handed down from 1324 as "Bedelerstrate". Since many of the inhabitants came from surrounding villages that had become deserted and lived from agriculture, the residential buildings were in many cases simple farmhouses with a wide driveway for a horse-drawn cart. In some of the half-timbered houses that have been preserved to this day, this entrance can still be seen from the outside, for example in Knollenstrasse, despite the conversion and renovation work that has been carried out . Before the Second World War, the new town consisted for the most part of smaller half-timbered houses without any special decorations or decorations, as can be seen in the half-timbered houses that survived the war in the new town. None of them could even come close to being compared to the bone carving office or the Upside down Sugar Loaf in the old town. In the 19th century, some of the half-timbered houses were demolished and replaced by somewhat larger brick buildings, a few of which - for example in Annenstrasse and at the eastern end of Goschenstrasse - survived the devastating destruction of World War II . The synagogue , which was completed in 1849 and a memorial since 1988, was located in the street “Lappenberg” in the Neustadt . A wall made of natural stone reveals the outline and size of the synagogue.
The Neustadt has always been dominated by the mighty tower dome of the Gothic Lambertikirche (1474–1488), which was rebuilt after the Second World War, and the Kehrwiederturm.
As a result of the severe war damage, the Neustadt now largely consists of functional buildings in the style of the 1950s. A typical example is the building of the Chamber of Crafts in Braunschweiger Straße.
- Kehrwiederturm , built around 1300, the only remaining tower of the Hildesheim city fortifications.
- Lambertikirche (1474–1488), Gothic hall church.
- Half-timbered houses, especially on Knollenstrasse and Keßlerstrasse , on Lappenberg and on Yellow Star.
- Armory , carved half-timbered house from 1548 with the Neisse local history museum.
- Dompropstei on Keßlerstrasse, with a baroque outside staircase.
- Monument (1988) of the synagogue on Lappenberg .
- Remains of the medieval city wall on Braunschweiger Strasse, on Kehrwiederwall and behind the Friedrich List School
- Wall systems on Kehrwiederwall.
Economy and Infrastructure
Due to its central location, the Neustadt is a popular residential area, in the vicinity of which the green spaces of Wwall, Ernst-Ehrlicher-Park and Sedanstrasse spread out. It belongs to the Stadtmitte and Neustadt district, which includes the old and new towns as well as the area between Kaiserstraße and the main train station and on December 31, 2005 had 13,185 inhabitants on an area of 2.69 km². On Wednesdays and Saturdays there is a weekly market on the Neustädter Markt. In Wollenweberstrasse and Goschenstrasse, which was mentioned as "Goslersche Strasse" as early as 1317, there are numerous retail stores, handicrafts and service companies such as restaurants and cafes. Schools and other educational institutions are within easy walking distance.
The city bus line 2 connects to the main train station to the main shopping streets of the city center and to several other districts ago.
Personalities
- Friedrich Weinhagen (1804–1877), lawyer and politician, leading figure in the German Revolution of 1848/49 in Hildesheim; lived in the Neustadt area since 1833
literature
- Johannes Heinrich Gebauer : History of the Neustadt Hildesheim. Lax, Hildesheim / Leipzig 1937, ISBN 3-8269-6305-9
- Herbert Reyer : A short history of the city of Hildesheim. 2nd edition, Lax, Hildesheim 2002, ISBN 3-8269-6300-8
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the city of Hildesheim as of December 31, 2019. In: hildesheim.de. Hildesheim Marketing GmbH, accessed on June 3, 2020 .
- ↑ Gebauer, p. 8
- ↑ Local council city center / Neustadt .
City center and new town | Marienburger Höhe with Galgenberg | Moritzberg | North town with tax forest | East town
Achtum-Uppen | Bavenstedt | Drispenstedt | On one | Himmelsthür | Itzum - Marienburg | Neuhof / Hildesheim Forest / Marienrode | Ochtersum | Sorsum