North Cemetery (Dresden)
The Dresden North Cemetery is the former military cemetery of the Saxon state capital and is now used as a public cemetery . The oldest of the four communal cemeteries in the Dresden city area has been in municipal ownership since 1961. The Nordfriedhof is a listed building as a whole, cf. List of monument conservation issues in Dresden #Churches and cemeteries .
location
The north cemetery is located in the Albertstadt district and thus belongs to the Neustadt district . It is located northeast of the city center near the southwest edge of the Dresdner Heide . The army officers' school and the Soviet garrison cemetery are located in the vicinity of the approximately 4 hectare cemetery area that can be reached via Marienallee or the Kannenhenkel .
history
Following the Franco-German War , the Saxon Army was modernized. As part of the reorganization, large barracks were built in Albertstadt in the 1870s according to plans by the Saxon Minister of War Fabrice . This also included a large military hospital, which was located north of the cadet quarters of the officer school and is now on the grounds of the Graf Stauffenberg barracks . Around 1900 Paul von der Planitz , Fabrice's successor in the office of Minister of War , suggested the construction of a military cemetery in order to be able to bury deceased soldiers and their relatives and servants in the immediate vicinity of the place of death.
On October 1, 1901, the North Cemetery was inaugurated under the name Garrison Cemetery . The first burial took place in December of the same year and the cemetery chapel was consecrated in 1902. Initially, the cemetery walls covered a rectangular area of about 1 hectare. Burial sites of well-known personalities from military history were laid on these walls, which exist on all sides. A first expansion was necessary in the First World War , for whose casualties a grove of honor was built from 1917 outside the old walls, a little further to the east. Honor plaques donated by regimental associations and created by Emil Hartmann were put up here. In addition to more than 2000 members of the German Army , Serbian , Russian , French and Czech prisoners of war also found their final resting place in this area . Between 1922 and 1947 there was also an artistically sophisticated bronze monument based on a model by Max Lange . It showed two soldiers, one of whom was in agony, and was melted down on the orders of the SMAD . Every year, around St. John's Day, a heroes' commemoration is celebrated in memory of the fallen . In 1930 the name of the garrison cemetery was changed to the local cemetery .
In the course of the Second World War , the cemetery had to be expanded a second time, which was again possible without any problems, as it is completely surrounded by forest. This third part of the cemetery was built around 1940 and enclosed by a wall that also includes the first extension. 978 German Wehrmacht soldiers and foreign forced laborers rest here in eleven collective graves and over 100 conscientious objectors who were executed or who took their own lives. In 1951 450 Dresden bomb victims were buried here from February to April 1945, mainly fire fighters , police officers and soldiers, in a collective grave and a memorial stone was erected for them. They were initially buried outside the cemetery. The overwhelming majority of the dead on February 13th, however, lies in the Heidefriedhof .
Shortly after the end of the war, the cemetery was renamed again. Since then it has been called the Nordfriedhof . In the immediate vicinity, on the other side of the street, the Soviet garrison cemetery for deceased members of the Soviet army was laid out on the orders of the Soviet occupiers . In the north cemetery there is also an urn community facility for 5500 burials from the 1950s and 1960s. Since 1987 under monument protection , he is now a civilian and urban cemetery. Every year, on the anniversary of the assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler on July 20, 1944, the victims of National Socialism are commemorated in the North Cemetery . Members of the Army Officer School and representatives of the City of Dresden, the Working Group of Saxon Military History , the Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge and the military chaplaincy often take part in these events .
Important graves
- Felix Barth (1851–1931), General
- Adolph von Carlowitz (1858–1928), General and Minister of War of Saxony
- Heinrich Leo von Carlowitz (1846–1907), Lieutenant General
- Gustav von der Betten (1861–1931), Lieutenant General
- August Fortmüller (1864–1942), Lieutenant General
- Charles Garke (1860–1936), Lieutenant General, lived in the Villa Garke
- Lothar von Hausen (1907–1944), Corvette Captain
- Paul von Hingst (1846–1919), Lieutenant General
- Julius Carl Mathias Hoch (1863–1930), Lieutenant General
- Constantin von Hoenning O'Carroll (1841–1925), Lieutenant General
- Eduard Hummitzsch (1846–1917), major general, complex is considered to be artistically valuable
- Ernst Hüttig (1872–1913), paymaster of the protection force for German East Africa
- Wilhelm Jahn (1866–1924), Lieutenant General
- Hans von Kirchbach (1849–1928), Colonel General
- Hans Karl Albert Alexander von Kirchbach (1869–1918), major
- Maximilian von Laffert (1855–1917), General
- Johannes Anton Larraß (1832–1908), Lieutenant General
- Max Leuthold (1863–1934), Lieutenant General
- Curt von Loeben (1841–1920), Lieutenant General
- Curt von Loeben (1885–1956), major
- Georg Ludwig Rudolf Maercker (1865–1924), general and state commander of Saxony
- Alfred Müller (1866–1925), General Staff Officer of the Saxon Army, Lieutenant General of the Reichswehr, State Commander of Saxony
- Paul von der Planitz (1837–1902), General and Minister of War of Saxony
- Adolf von Rabenhorst (1846–1925), General
- Hermann von Schweinitz (1851–1931), General
- Arno Thalmann (1869–1932), Senior Consultant
- Gotthard von Timroth (1868–1941), Imperial Russian Major General and Knight George
- Arno Friedrich August Trinckauf (1874–1934), general physician
- Alphons de Vaux (1854–1918), Lieutenant General
- Woldemar Graf Vitzthum von Eckstädt (1863–1936), President of the Saxon regional synod
- Hans von Watzdorf (1857–1931), Lieutenant General
- Bernhard Woldemar Weigel (1851–1908), major general, complex is considered to be artistically valuable
There are also memorials to people from July 20, 1944 in the cemetery :
- Friedrich Olbricht (1888–1944), General
- Hans Oster (1887–1945), major general
Memorials
- Grove of honor for the soldiers of the Dresden garrison who fell in World War I , the complex is considered to be artistically valuable
- Memorial stone over collective grave for 450 air war victims (in February, March and April 1945) from the ranks of the fire brigade , police and armed forces
- Memorial stone for the fallen of World War II
- Memorial for the members of Infantry Regiment No. 10, Artillery Regiment No. 4 and Cavalry Regiment No. 12 who died in World War II
- Memorial cross for Wehrmacht soldiers convicted of desertion or degradation of military strength
- Memorial stone for Hungarian soldiers in World War II
- Memorial stone for Polish , Czech and Romanian foreign workers
- Memorial stone for Soviet forced laborers
See also
Literature and Sources
- Marion Stein: Cemeteries in Dresden. Kulturamt der Stadt Dresden (Ed.), Verlag der Kunst Dresden, 2000, ISBN 90-5705-130-3 .
- Holger Hase and Wolfgang Scheder: Dresden war cemeteries. Places of remembrance for the victims of war and tyranny . Edited by Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge . Dresden 2010. pp. 56–59
- Working Group of Saxon Military History V.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The North Cemetery. Dresden Municipal Cemetery and Funeral Services, accessed on September 3, 2017 .
Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′ 48.9 " N , 13 ° 46 ′ 37.8" E