Nutscheid

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Nutscheid
In Nutscheid on the Hohe Wäldchen

In Nutscheid on the Hohe Wäldchen

Highest peak High forest ( 378  m above sea  level )
location Rhein-Sieg-Kreis , Oberbergischer Kreis , North Rhine-Westphalia
part of Northern Mittelieg-Bergland , Rhenish Slate Mountains
Classification according to Federal Agency for Nature Conservation
Nutscheid (Germany)
Nutscheid
Coordinates 50 ° 49 ′  N , 7 ° 28 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 49 ′  N , 7 ° 28 ′  E
Type Low mountain range
surface 100 km²
p1
The Heiligenstock am Thielenbach, built in 1961, stands south of the Römerstrasse and east of the Mertener Höhe .
The former place of execution of the Windeck High Court, memorial plaque
Forest ants settle on the sunny side of the spruce tree shelter .

The Nutscheid (also the or the Nutscheid ) is a ridge between the rivers victory in the south and Bröl or Waldbröl in the north. Its westernmost point is at Hennef - Müschmühle at the confluence of the Bröl and Sieg rivers; in the east it is roughly bounded by the Waldbröl / Schladern line . It represents the core area of ​​the largest contiguous forest area in the Bergisches Land and is one of the largest forest areas in this area.

Naming

The Nutscheid was first mentioned in a lost Blankenberger wisdom of the year 1384 with an article usage that was written out in the preserved transcription of the Redinghoven collection 1661 "tuischen der Noutschyt und Probach", which would result in a feminine form of the article if there was no error in The original abbreviation may be present in the transcription. Could be used u. a. also a document from the State Archives in Düsseldorf from the year 1582, where it says in line 7 "uf die nutscheide" and in line 76 "das Notscheidt", so the use of articles fluctuates. In the Mercator map of 1575 the ridge was listed as "Notscheidt", the map of the Siegburg comparison referred to it in 1604 as "Noitscheid". The origin of the name is uncertain. If the word component “Scheid” can still be clearly identified as a wooded ridge, the syllable “Not” may refer to the term Not ; but a derivation from the compass direction north or from the Indo-European word neth for itself is also conceivable . For a long time, topographic maps used the male article and recorded “Der Nutscheid”. Newer topographical maps dispense with the article and only record "Nutscheid".

mountains

The highest elevation of the Nutscheid is the Hohe Wäldchen with a height of 378  m above sea level. NHN . Other mountains are the Goldberg and the Selbachsberg .

The Roman Road

As the popular saying goes, a trade route in the Rhineland already led from Cologne via Siegburg through the Nutscheid to Siegerland during the Roman times : the "Roman Road". Its construction is attributed to the Roman emperor Probus on the one hand, and the general Drusus on the other . Neither is correct, however, because it lacks the kind of substructure that is inherent in the roads built by the Romans. Rather, it was created as a natural path through continuous use with horses and wagons, whereby sections of the route that had become impassable were simply bypassed. Such “multi-lane” sections are still visible in the area today.

The fact that the Romans were not the originators of the road does not rule out the fact that it was built in the time of the Celts (around 500 BC) to transport the iron ore mined in Siegerland to the already heavily populated Rhine Valley. This is also indicated by the alternative name of the old trade route as the iron road .

It was not until the Middle Ages that the “Nothscheider Strasse, which drove to Bonn” (map of the Ruppichteroth parish from 1644), which ran over the heights, gained supraregional importance, until traffic in the 19th century shifted to the valleys that were now largely drained and accessible by roads and railways . In addition to the Brüderstraße , which led from Cologne to Siegen , the Nutscheidstraße (which is still the official name today) was the most important long-distance connection in the southern Bergisches Land from the 12th to the beginning of the 18th century .

Today the Höhenweg serves on the one hand as an approach and transport route for forestry work, on the other hand for recreational activities, especially for hiking, jogging, cycling and horse riding. For example, the German Unity hiking trail runs over a section of Nutscheidstrasse, as does the Nutscheidhöhenweg , a cycle path on old trade routes.

Borderland

The Nutscheid was and is a border region. Until 1604, the border between the Duchy of Berg and the Lordship of Homburg ran across its ridge , which is still evident today in terms of linguistic and denominational differences. Several, in some cases well-preserved, remnants of medieval section land weirs and barriers bear witness to these troubled times. Oberbergischer and Siegkreis (today: Rhein-Sieg-Kreis ) have met here since 1932 .

Forestry and mining

Forestry use

In addition to the still intensive economic use of the forest, ores have been mined since the Middle Ages and smelted in the streams of the Nutscheid, using charcoal extracted from the forests - mainly into lead and copper . About 15 smelting sites and two racing fire systems were found. The focus of mining in the second half of the 19th century was in the area around Merten with the Pascha mine and northwest of Eitorf with the Harmonie and Hatzfeld mines .

jurisdiction

The Galgenberg ( 356.1  m above sea level ) in Nutscheid was used as the Windecker Hochgericht until the 19th century. Its location directly on the then heavily frequented country road was intended to deter foreign and dodgy people. The gallows place "Windecksgericht" is still a destination for hikes and those interested in history today. Only around 250 m east of it are three oaks that are several hundred years old.

Military use

Evidence of the past - abandoned American missile defense position

Towards the end of the Second World War there were launch ramps for V1 rockets in Nutscheid. Their locations were Hatterscheid, Kuchem, Wingenbach (all Ruppichteroth ) and Eitorf -Rankenhohn. From there, Antwerp was shelled from February 11 or 12 to March 18, 1945 . After the war ended, the facilities were destroyed by British troops. In 2006 the remains (floor slabs and water basin) were placed under monument protection.

During the Cold War , Nike Ajax , then Nike Hercules , and later Patriot missiles were stationed in Nutscheid, which were withdrawn after the conflict was resolved. Nuclear warheads for Nike Hercules missiles were also stored here until 1986 . These were brought to Ramstein when the Americans withdrew. The former American military base in the forest with a high observation tower is still there today. The city of Waldbröl, to whose municipality the site belongs, has been advising on future use since 2006.

Further use

In addition to the forestry use in Nutscheid, there were increased efforts to establish and maintain a nature reserve. A small part was declared a nature reserve "Hohes Wäldchen auf dem Nutscheid" in 1999. It is located in the area of ​​the high forest.

In 2009 the Nutscheid gained the attention of the world press. Large parts of the film Antichrist with the main actors Willem Dafoe and Charlotte Gainsbourg were shot in Nutscheid.

Nutscheid nature experience

Since 2015, the Panarbora Park in Nutscheid has combined environmental education and adventure worlds on an area of ​​8 hectares. The Nutscheid nature adventure park project was selected as one of the winning projects in a competition by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia for infrastructural and tourist development at the beginning of 2008. There are five tree houses, three villages with four huts each and a family and seminar house available to guests of the German Youth Hostel Association.

literature

Web links

Commons : Nutscheid  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation based on maps from 2011
  2. ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation based on the map from 2015
  3. ↑ Karl Künster: Man in the winter landscape . In: Hubert Janzen (Ed.): Winterscheid - a home book. Heimatverein Winterscheid e. V., Winterscheid 1982, p. 42 f.
  4. ↑ About Driesch. Heimatverein Bödingen; accessed on September 11, 2017.
  5. ^ Entry on Nutscheidstrasse (cultural landscape area Regionalplan Cologne 453) in the database " KuLaDig " of the Rhineland Regional Association , accessed on December 8, 2018.
  6. ^ Richard Jilka, MA: Rennenburg and Nutscheidstraße. In: Heimatblätter . No. 19. Heimat- & Geschichtsverein Neunkirchen-Seelscheid e. V. (Ed.), 2004, p. 41.
  7. ↑ The Nutscheid. Heimatverein Bödingen; accessed on July 27, 2018.
  8. ↑ Nutscheidhöhenweg. RadRegionRheinland; accessed on July 30, 2018.
  9. ↑ Bernd Habel: Old mining in the Siegtal near Merten and Eitorf. In: Claudia Maria Arndt (Ed.): From Wasserkunst and Pingen . History and antiquity association for Siegburg and the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis e. V., Rheinlandia Verlag, Siegburg 2005, ISBN 3-935005-95-4 , p. 93 ff.
  10. ↑ Wolfgang Gückelhorn, Detlev Paul: V1 - "Eifelschreck". Helios Verlags- und Buchvertriebsgesellschaft, Aachen 2004, ISBN 3-933608-94-5 .
  11. ↑ Stefan Lenz: V1 ramps brought it to the monument. In: Kölnische Rundschau. October 10, 2006, accessed December 8, 2018 .
  12. ^ "Hohes Wäldchen I" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
  13. ^ "Hohes Wäldchen II" nature reserve in the specialist information system of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection in North Rhine-Westphalia
  14. ↑ Michael Fiedler-Heinen: Panarbora financing not yet secured. In: Oberbergische Volkszeitung. August 8, 2013, accessed December 8, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Naturerlebnis Nutscheid GmbH. Retrieved December 8, 2018 .