Upper angara
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Upper Angara Ве́рхняя Ангар́а (Verkhnyaya Angara), Дээдэ Ангар |
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 Location of the Upper Angara in the extreme east in the catchment area of the Yenisei |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | RU : 16040000112116300001142 | |
| location | Republic of Buryatia ( Russia ) | |
| River system | Yenisei | |
| Drain over | Angara → Yenisei → Arctic Ocean | |
| source |
Deljun Uranium Mountains 56 ° 35 ′ 33 ″ N , 113 ° 46 ′ 38 ″ E |
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| Source height | approx. 1600 m | |
| muzzle |
Lake Baikal coordinates: 55 ° 42 ′ 33 " N , 109 ° 52 ′ 42" E 55 ° 42 ′ 33 " N , 109 ° 52 ′ 42" E |
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| Mouth height | 456 m | |
| Height difference | approx. 1144 m | |
| Bottom slope | approx. 2.6 ‰ | |
| length | 438 km | |
| Catchment area | 21,400 km² | |
| Discharge at the Verkhnyaya Saimka A Eo gauge : 20,600 km² Location: 31 km above the mouth |
MQ 1939/1997 Mq 1939/1997 |
260 m³ / s 12.6 l / (s km²) |
| Left tributaries | Angarakan , Jantschukan , Jantschui , Gonkuli , Kotera , Svetlaja | |
| Right tributaries | Tschuro | |
| Navigable | 214 km | |
 Upper Angara: View upstream from the bridge of the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM) near Novy Uojan, which spans the river |
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The Upper Angara ( Russian Ве́рхняя Ангар́а / Verkhnyaja Angara ; Buryat Дээдэ Ангар ) is a 438 km long, northeastern tributary of Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia ( Russia , Asia ).
course
The Upper Angara rises immediately west of the border between the Republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk Oblast in the area where the Deljun Uranium Mountains meet in the north and the Northern Muja Mountains (Severomuisk Mountains) in the south. Their fed origin lies at about 1600 m altitude and consists of several small mountain lakes (around 2000 m ). This includes, for example, the Melkowsee .
First, the Upper Angara, which cuts through the territory of Buryatia in a west-southwest direction, flows as a mountain river through a narrow valley, forming numerous rapids . At Jantschukan it reaches the Upper Angara Depression . This tectonic depression , up to more than 50 km wide, represents the continuation of the Baikal depression in a north-easterly direction and is bounded on both sides by high mountains : in the north by the Upper Angaragebirge (Werchneangarsk Mountains), in the south by the western part of the Northern Muja Mountains and closer to the south through the Bargus Mountains to Lake Baikal . In the area of the relatively flat, often swampy depression, the Upper Angara forms oxbow lakes and meanders in parts .
Before its mouth, the river shares a delta of over 400 km² with the northern Kitschera , which begins below the village of Verkhnyaya Saimka . About 15 km above the mouth, the Upper Angara is connected to the lower reaches of the Kitschera by a 15 km long, larger tributary (Angarakan; not to be confused with the tributary of the same name from the upper reaches). Since the rise of the water level of Lake Baikal by the construction of the Irkutsk reservoir on the Angara approx. One meter, the southwest part of the delta has been permanently under water and forms a shallow water area called Baikalski Sor . It is separated from the lake by the low, sandy Jarki spit . After flowing through the delta, the main arm of the Upper Angara flows into the northeast part of Lake Baikal just under 35 km east-northeast of the city of Severobaikalsk and around 22 km east-southeast of Nizhneangarsk .
Tributaries
The tributaries of the Upper Angara include (viewed downstream; length in kilometers): Angarakan (64 km), Jantschukan (47 km), Jantschui (87 km), Gonkuli (82 km), Kotera (244 km) and Svetlaja (119 km) from the left and Tschuro (124 km) from the right.
Hydrography
The catchment area of the Upper Angara is 21,400 km². Above the delta of the mouth, the river is over 300 m wide and 1.5 m deep; the flow velocity is 0.5 m / s.
The mean water flow in the village of Verkhnyaya Saimka , above the estuary delta and 31 km above the mouth is 260 m³ / s, with a minimum monthly mean of 61.4 m³ / s in March and a maximum monthly mean of 828 m³ / s in June. Its delta drains 263 m³ / s (8.3 km³ / year) of water, making the Upper Angara the second largest tributary of Lake Baikal after the Selenga and before the Bargusin .
The Upper Angara is covered by ice from the beginning of October to the beginning of May .
Infrastructure
The Upper Angara is designated as a waterway for 214 km from the village of Uojan to the mouth, for smaller vehicles from the Kamniokan pier (270 km). The lower reaches of the tributary Kotera (21 km to the village of Kumora) and the Angarakan estuary with the lower reaches of the Kitschera are also navigable.
In the 1970s, the Baikal-Amur main line and the road following it were run through the Upper Angara Depression. You follow the river for almost 200 km to the confluence of the tributary Angarakan. The railway line crosses the river on a 350 m long bridge above the village of Uojan. A few kilometers southeast of this bridge, the most important station on this section of the route was built: Novy Uojan . The associated urban-type settlement , with around 4500 inhabitants today, is the largest place near the river.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Article Obere Angara in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d e Obere Angara in the State Water Register of the Russian Federation (Russian)
- ↑ a b Upper Angara at the Verkhnyaya Saimka gauge - hydrographic data from R-ArcticNET
- ↑ List of Inland Waterways of the Russian Federation (confirmed by Order No. 1800 of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2002)